Folia microbiologica最新文献

{"title":"Colistin resistance in the era of antimicrobial resistance: challenges and strategic countermeasures.","authors":"Debasrita RoyChowdhury, Arnima Manna, Sukhendu Mandal, Poulami Mukherjee, Arnab Basu","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01322-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01322-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colistin resistance represents a mounting global health concern, particularly alarming in the face of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacterial infections. As a polymyxin-class antibiotic, colistin has long served as a critical last-line defence against severe Gram-negative infections caused by pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, its increasing and, at times, indiscriminate use has driven the emergence of resistant strains, thereby compromising its clinical utility.Mechanistically, colistin resistance arises from diverse genetic adaptations that alter the bacterial outer membrane, diminishing the drug's binding affinity. Prominent among these are modifications to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), including the incorporation of cationic groups that neutralise the membrane's negative charge, effectively impeding colistin interaction. In addition to chromosomal mutations, resistance is often mediated through horizontal gene transfer-most notably via mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes-which facilitates rapid dissemination among bacterial populations.To counter this growing threat, innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. These include the development of novel antibiotics with distinct mechanisms of action, synergistic combination regimens (e.g., colistin paired with potentiating agents), and the exploration of alternative modalities such as bacteriophage therapy. Gene-editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 also offer a promising frontier for targeting resistance determinants directly at the genetic level.Equally important are robust antimicrobial stewardship programmes and comprehensive surveillance systems to monitor resistance trends and guide rational antibiotic use. Ultimately, overcoming colistin resistance demands a multifaceted and integrative approach-one that merges scientific innovation with global public health initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manganese and phosphate removal from culture medium during the growth of the bacterium Sphaerotilus montanus.","authors":"Galina Khokhlova, Anton Zvonarev, Vladimir Ostroumov, Konstantin Tikhonov, Maria Teplonogova, Tatiana Kulakovskaya, Mikhail Vainshtein","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01323-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01323-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of bacteria to absorb metal ions and phosphates allows the development of processes for bioremediation of the environment and wastewater from heavy metals and excess phosphates. In this work, the ability of the \"iron bacterium\" Sphaerotilus montanus VKM B-2519 to remove manganese, iron, and phosphate from culture medium was studied. The bacterium removed Mn²⁺ but not Fe²⁺ from the culture medium during growth. At an initial concentration of 3 mmol/L Mn²⁺, about 40% of phosphate and no more than 10% of manganese remained in the medium after cultivation of S. montanus for the stationary stage. Inorganic polyphosphate did not contribute to the removal of phosphate by S. montanus. In the presence of excess Mn²⁺, S. montanus formed Mn₃(PO₄)₂ as a precipitate. It was confirmed by both chemical analysis and EDX. In the presence of excess Mn²⁺, S. montanus secreted phosphorylated exopolysaccharide into the culture medium. The data suggested that S. montanus VKM B-2519 is a prospective species for developing phosphate and manganese removal and biological sedimentation of manganese phosphate.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental risks of biofertilizers and their impact on soil microbial diversity: a mini review.","authors":"Houshang Khosravi","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01327-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01327-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical fertilizers have substantially increased crop yields but have also contributed to significant environmental challenges, including soil and water contamination and the emergence of human health issues. As a more sustainable alternative, biofertilizers-comprising beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria-have been promoted as eco-friendly solutions. However, their use may pose risks to soil microbial communities and biodiversity under certain conditions. For instance, horizontal gene transfer among bacteria can convert non-pathogenic strains into pathogenic ones. Additionally, the introduction of microbial inoculants may outcompete native microbial species, potentially disrupting soil microbial balance and impairing ecosystem functioning. The long-term effects of biofertilizers on nutrient cycling and soil biodiversity remain insufficiently studied. To mitigate these risks, it is crucial to establish rigorous production standards, prioritize native microbial strains, continuously monitor soil microbial dynamics, and implement comprehensive regulatory frameworks. Therefore, the adoption of biofertilizers in agricultural practices should be approached cautiously and guided by evidence-based regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri E on 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in Caco-2 cells.","authors":"Barbora Hlubinová, Hana Kiňová Sepová, Ľudmila Pašková, Peter Novák, František Bilka, Hana Drahovská, Tomáš Szemes, Andrea Bilková","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01310-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01310-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work studied the potential of probiotic candidate Limosilactobacillus reuteri E to ameliorate intestinal mucositis in vitro. By PathogenFinder analysis of genome sequence, the strain was not predicted to be pathogenic. Genes responsible for adhesion (MapA, EF-Tu) and immunomodulation (e.g., EpsD, EpsF, EpsC, enzymes responsible for the synthesis of exopolysaccharides) abilities were localized in the strain genome. In the co-cultivation model of Caco-2 cells and L. reuteri E, lactobacilli up-regulated gene expression of occludin and claudin 1 (tight junction proteins) and paralemmin (receptor-like molecule) in Caco-2. The prophylactic and therapeutic potential of L. reuteri E to modulate intestinal mucositis was investigated by its administration to Caco-2 cells before and after 5-FU treatment. In bacteria, both prophylactic and therapeutic approaches resulted in significantly higher levels of EpsF glycosyltransferase gene expression (1.5-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively) compared to lactobacilli co-cultivated with untreated Caco-2 cells. In Caco-2 cells, significantly increased gene expression of occludin and claudin 1 in prophylaxis was observed. Moreover, lactobacilli used in prophylaxis ameliorated 5-FU-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells, as shown by increased cell viability. This may be related to improved anti-inflammatory-to-pro-inflammatory ratio (higher A20 and IL-10 vs. IL-1β and IL-8 gene expression) observed in prophylactic conditions compared to the therapeutic lactobacilli application to Caco-2 cells. The results obtained suggest that L. reuteri E may be more effective in the prophylaxis of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis than in therapeutic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic potential and phytase-producing capacity of yeast isolated from Thai traditional fermentation starter (Look-pang).","authors":"Sirikhwan Tinrat, Onnicha Jiraprasertwong","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01314-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01314-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytate is an anti-nutrient factor that chelates micronutrients, thereby reducing their bioavailability and impairing nutrient absorption in humans and animals. This study aimed to isolate and assess potential probiotic yeast strains with phytase capability from Thai traditional fermentation starters. Three yeast isolates revealed antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria in preliminary probiotic screening and demonstrated phytate-degrading capabilities through phytase activity. Among the selected yeast strains, isolate NS104-STR showed the highest extracellular phytase activities (0.142 ± 0.001 U/mL and 0.126 ± 0.001 U/mg protein). Phylogenetic analysis based on 18 s rDNA and/or TSI gene regions identified this strain as closely related to Pichia kudriavzevii. Pichia kudriavzevii NS104-STR displayed several desirable probiotic attributes. This strain exhibited broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity and tolerance to acidic conditions (≥ 10⁶ CFU/mL at pH 2.0 and ≥ 10⁸ CFU/mL at pH 3.0 for 3 h of exposure) as well as survival in 0.3-0.6% bile salts after 24 h of exposure (> 100% survival rate) (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, it also displayed high cell surface hydrophobicity (65.65 ± 0.35%), auto-aggregation capacity (61.08 ± 0.25%), and strong adhesion to Caco-2 epithelial cells (66.39 ± 0.69%). Pichia kudriavzevii NS104-STR was capable of co-aggregating with pathogens and significantly inhibited their adhesion to Caco-2 cells in competition exclusion assays (> 50% of inhibition rate), especially E. coli ATCC 25922 (67.68 ± 0.18% of inhibition rate) (p ≤ 0.05). Importantly, P. kudriavzevii NS104-STR was non-hemolytic and susceptible to various antibiotics and antimycotics. These results suggest that Pichia kudriavzevii NS104-STR may serve as a promising potential phytase-producing probiotic yeast, with valuable applications in enhancing the nutritional quality of food and feed products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial mediated degradation of azo dyes from textile effluents is associated with the production of extracellular polysaccharides.","authors":"Gurulingaiah Bhavya, Savitha De Britto, Daoud Ali, Saud Alarifi, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Nagaraja Geetha, Sudisha Jogaiah","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01309-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01309-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indigenous bacteria are very potent and useful in remediating hazardous pollutants specific to particular geographical locations. This work aimed to isolate two potent acid red dye decolorizing bacterial strains, namely Bacillus sp. strain UoMP1 and Citrobacter sp. strain UoMP2, from a textile effluent sample and aimed to optimize the conditions and explore the probable enzymatic involvement. The two isolates, namely D2 and D3, exhibited tolerance towards dye in an optimized concentration range of 2-4%. The decolourization percentage was approximately 80% for D2 and 75% for D3. The optimized conditions for decolourization were 72 h of incubation, pH 7, and a temperature of 37 °C. It is well known that the enzymes from the class reductase play a key role in the decolourization of various dyes and other xenobiotics. In this study, the azoreductase activity in D2 and D3 was found to be remarkably high under optimal conditions. The maximal intracellular azoreductase activity was 6.5 and 2.5 µg of acid dye reduced/min per mg of protein in D2 and D3 isolates, respectively. In the D2 isolate, an increased concentration of extracellular polysaccharides under dye stress suggested a possible role of extracellular decolourization and complexation mechanisms. Based on the 16 s RNA gene amplification, sequencing, and analysis, D2 and D3 were identified as Bacillus sp. strain UoMP1 and Citrobacter sp. strain UoMP2, respectively. Bacillus sp. strain UoMP1, an indigenous bacterial isolate, was found to be very efficient in decolourization of an azo dye-acid red dye used in the silk industry. This study provides valuable insights into the non-toxic tolerable dye concentration for these bacterial cells, which employ both enzyme-based decolourization mechanisms and extracellular mechanisms via extracellular polysaccharide production. Further exploration of biochemical and molecular mechanisms will help refine these isolates for field applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead tolerance and siderophore production by native Pseudomonas spp. isolated from lead-contaminated environments in Colombia.","authors":"Susana Ochoa-Agudelo, Jessica M Bedoya-Vélez, Andrés F Villa-Restrepo, J Felipe Osorio-Tobón","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01307-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01307-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Siderophores are organic compounds known for their chelating properties and specific biochemical characteristics, with potential applications in biotechnology, especially in bioremediation. This study evaluated lead tolerance and pyoverdine-type siderophore production in native Pseudomonas spp. isolates from lead-contaminated water. Lead tolerance was assessed using different lead concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50 mg/L) through the minimum inhibitory concentration. Siderophore production was estimated based on the percentage of siderophore units (PSU) in the presence and absence of lead. Among the 14 strains analyzed, 11 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Four Pseudomonas spp. strains (P07, P35, P36, and P38) were tolerant to lead concentrations higher than 25 mg/L. Although pyoverdine production was detected in P07, P10, P11, P16, P25, P35, and P38 strains, no synthesis of catecholate or hydroxamate was detected. The P07 strain was the highest siderophore producer with a PSU of 90 ± 8.5%. Lead concentration above 600 ppm reduced the PSU by up to 34%. This study demonstrates that native strains of Pseudomonas isolated from lead-contaminated extreme environments can tolerate lead while producing bioactive metabolites, such as pyoverdine-type siderophores.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, biochemical characterization, and antimicrobial activities of EPS-producing bacterial endophytes from Moringa oleifera.","authors":"Karim Gul, Raham Sher Khan, Aneela Iqbal, Atta Ullah, Syed Muhammad Shafi Shah, Anwar Hussain, Douglas Law, Ayaz Ahmad, Salimullah Khan","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01312-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01312-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial endophytes are a key part of the plant microbiome that influence developmental processes via different mechanisms. One of the known mechanisms is the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) that are responsible for the response towards stresses and plant-bacterial interactions. In the current experiment, we isolated 42 strains of bacterial endophytes from the sterilized parts of Moringa oleifera plant and screened them for the production of EPS. Out of the 42, only three isolates; KR-27, KL-4, and KS-7 produced a significant amount of EPS. All these isolates showed in vitro antagonistic activities against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. These antagonistic endophytic isolates, KR-27, KL-4, and KS-7 were identified as Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Lelliottia amnigena, respectively based on 16 s RNA gene ribotyping. The selected bacterial strains were screened out for phytohormones and secondary metabolites production and all the identified strains produced significant amount of various phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA₃), and salicylic acid (SA). In addition, the identified strains produced the antioxidant compounds like siderophores, phenolics, and flavonoids. The phosphate solubilization ability of all the strains was ascertained and found highest for KR-27 (30.46 ± 0.82 μg/mL), followed by KS-7 (18.30 ± 0.54 μg/mL) and KL-4 (17.36 ± 0.68 μg/mL). Unlike previous research, which primarily focused on the nutritional and medicinal properties of M. oleifera, this research uncovers the new aspect by exploring the biotechnologically important bacterial flora of this miracle tree. In conclusion we isolated three novel bacterial endophytic strains with the ability to produce bioactive compounds for plant and antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens for the first time which can replace the synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in future sustainable agriculture practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Meyerozyma guilliermondii augmented growth attributes and metabolite production in Triticum aestivum under salinity stress.","authors":"Zeeshan Khan, Muhammad Irshad, Anwar Hussain, Arshad Iqbal, Zamarud Shah, Waheed Murad, Eman R Elsharkawy, Muhammad Nafees","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01308-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01308-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abiotic stress, particularly salinity, has always posed a significant challenge to crop production, especially in dry and semi-arid regions. Fungal endophytes have shown potential in enhancing plant growth and yield under salt stress conditions. In the present research, the hypothesis whether the endophytic fungus Meyerozyma guilliermondii isolated from a salt-tolerant plant, Typha latifolia, can enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress was tested. The fungus was identified as M. guilliermondii isolate RK01 based on DNA sequence analysis. Firstly, the response of both M. guilliermondii and wheat to NaCl stress was examined individually, while in the second phase, the impact of M. guilliermondii in mitigating the effect of NaCl stress on wheat was evaluated. M. guilliermondii produced a significantly small amount of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), while a notable increase in abscisic acid (ABA), flavonoids, proline, and carbohydrates was witnessed in the fungus under elevated salt stress. A significant decline in photosynthetic pigments, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and GA contents was recorded upon exposure of wheat to NaCl stress, while salicylic acid and ABA contents of wheat under the same stress were significantly increased. Upon co-treatment with M. guilliermondii under NaCl stress, all the growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, and hormones of wheat were significantly improved. Moreover, the combined treatment also resulted in significant reductions in various metabolites, stress markers, free radical scavenging enzymes, and Na⁺ ion uptake compared to salt stress alone. This study concludes that M. guilliermondii effectively mitigates NaCl stress in wheat and has the potential to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity in other important crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene amir_2071 of Actinosynnema mirum DSM 43827 encodes a dimethylallyltryptophan synthase superfamily protein responsible for the production of prenylated tyrosine.","authors":"Sofiia Melnyk, Yuriy Rebets, Dmytro Bratiichuk, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Bohdan Ostash","doi":"10.1007/s12223-025-01305-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01305-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actinosynnema mirum DSM 43827 is a bacterium from the small genus Actinosynnema within the rapidly growing actinomycete family Pseudonocardiaceae (Land M et al. Stand Genomic Sci 1:46-53 2009). Despite its diverse repertoire of specialized metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), the potential of A. mirum for production of bioactive molecules is not fully explored. Here, we used a heterologous expression approach to gain deeper insight into this issue. In this work we report that expression of in silico predicted BGC#4 from A. mirum in S. albus Del14 and S. lividans ΔYA9 led to production of several prenylated derivatives of tyrosine. Their most likely structures, according to MS and MS/MS data, agreed with 4-O-prenyl-(L)-tyrosine and its N-acetyl derivative, previously described in lichen-forming fungi (Iacovelli R et al. J Nat Prod 87:2243-2254 2024). Further experiments confirm the production of the aforementioned compounds is governed by a single structural gene, amir_2071 for prenyltransferase of dimethylallyltryptophan synthase (DMATS) superfamily, whose homologs are abundant in bacterial genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12346,"journal":{"name":"Folia microbiologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}