Forensic science international最新文献

{"title":"A scoring system for assessing the Manner of Death in Stab Injuries to the Trunk (The MODSIT score)","authors":"Maria Berg von Linde ,&nbsp;Stefan Acosta ,&nbsp;Ardavan M. Khoshnood ,&nbsp;Carl Johan Wingren","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Distinguishing between homicide and suicide in cases of single stab injuries to the trunk can be challenging, particularly in the absence of clear contextual information. This study aims to address this issue by developing the MODSIT score (Manner of Death in Stab Injuries to the Trunk)—an evidence-based scoring system designed to standardise forensic manner of death assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We developed four score models based on: 1) autopsy findings alone; 2) autopsy findings and toxicology; 3) autopsy findings, toxicology, and circumstances at the death scene; and 4) autopsy findings, toxicology, death scene circumstances, and demographics. The diagnostic performance of the models was evaluated through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Model 3, including autopsy findings, toxicology, and circumstances at the death scene, established the best diagnostic performance (AUC 0.99, 95 % CI 0.97–1.00). The optimal cut-off of 2 score points showed 91.8 % sensitivity and 97.6 % specificity for predicting homicide, and cut-off of –1 point showed 85.7 % sensitivity and 98.8 % specificity for predicting suicide.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3><div>The score needs to be validated in other populations to confirm its generalisability. The MODSIT score has the potential to become a valuable tool for evidence-based forensic practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical Note: A novel method for simultaneous recovery of DNA, RNA, and proteins from trace biological samples for forensic application","authors":"Arati Iyengar ,&nbsp;Jacob Hetzke ,&nbsp;Coral Smith ,&nbsp;Chrystal Chadwick ,&nbsp;Michael Rishel ,&nbsp;John Nelson ,&nbsp;Brian Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing interest in recovering analytes other than DNA from evidentiary samples. mRNA markers can help identify body fluids, link body fluid to a contributor via coding SNPs, and estimate Post-Mortem Interval. Proteins, which in many cases are more abundant and resistant to degradation than RNA and DNA, offer the possibility for human individualization via Genetically Variant Peptides and are also useful for body fluid identification, but are routinely destroyed during nucleic acid extraction. We report a novel trace sample recovery method which uses paramagnetic beads conjugated with salmon protamine that bind nucleic acids with very high efficiency under buffer conditions which keep proteins intact. After performing a mild lysis step, nucleic acids are bound to the beads, unbound proteins are collected in the supernatant, and bound nucleic acids are then eluted separately. We demonstrate recovery of DNA, RNA, and protein from 1 µL blood, 1 µL semen, and 2 µL saliva, as well as successful downstream processing using STR DNA profiling, body fluid specific mRNA detection, and protein identification. Amounts of DNA recovered from semen and saliva were on par with a bead-based commercial kit that lacks coordinated RNA and intact protein recovery. Recovered DNA yields from blood were reduced compared to the commercial kit but still sufficient for all downstream processing. RNA amounts recovered were significantly higher in all body fluids using our method. This is the first multianalyte recovery method suitable for trace biological samples, which once validated, will offer forensic scientists the entire suite of molecular analytes for analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative sweat collection for forensic drug analysis using wound dressings in drug-facilitated crimes","authors":"Piotr Adamowicz ,&nbsp;Paulina Pustelnik ,&nbsp;Joanna Gieroń ,&nbsp;Dominika Gil ,&nbsp;Marta Suchan ,&nbsp;Bogdan Tokarczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Date-rape drugs include many medicines and street drugs that are administered to unaware victims, who are subsequently sexually assaulted (or robbed) while under their influence. Due to drug-induced amnesia, reporting is often delayed, making toxicological analysis crucial evidence. Blood and urine are suitable for most analyses up to 1–4 days after drug administration. Sweat may provide a longer detection time, however, commercial sweat patches are not usually available at police stations where victims report such crimes. Therefore, we evaluated the utility of generally available wound dressings to collect sweat for drug analysis in forensic applications. Various dressings were tested, and results were compared with urine analyses. The detection of drugs was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Drugs were detected in dressings for a few days when they were no longer present in urine. Drug concentrations varied depending on the body location of the dressing and were higher in dressings worn over several days. After single doses, pseudoephedrine and codeine were detectable for at least 9 days, and dextromethorphan for up to 3 days. The drug concentrations were within the ranges of 2–83 ng/dressing for pseudoephedrine, 2–74 ng/dressing for codeine, and 1–16 ng/dressing for dextromethorphan. This work has demonstrated that wound dressings can be used for sweat collection and may serve as a valuable supplement to urine toxicology in drug-facilitated sexual assault cases or other forensic cases where several days have elapsed since the incident. This approach may increase the detectability of the crimes in question.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on characterization of gut microbiota and individual tracing in migratory populations","authors":"Chudong Wang ,&nbsp;Feifei Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Fu,&nbsp;Qiheng Xie,&nbsp;Lagabaiyila Zha,&nbsp;Jifeng Cai,&nbsp;Jie Yan,&nbsp;Jienan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA profiling is widely used in forensic individual identification. Yet, traditional forensic methods fail to determine the short - or long - term residence of migrant populations, imposing challenges in tracking these populations. Intestinal microorganisms can differentiate people across various geographical locations. Nevertheless, there's a lack of detailed exploration regarding the microbial changes and structural composition of migratory groups. To characterize migration routes and identify migratory groups via microbial composition, we conducted 16S rRNA sequencing on intestinal microorganisms from 50 Chinese and 131 Africans who migrated to China. Results showed that, compared to source and destination populations, the gut microbiome of the migrating population was closer to the destination population (p &lt; 0.01). However, the abundance of <em>Ruminococcus f_Luminocccae</em> and seven other microorganisms remained similar to the African population. Also, the migrating population had unique <em>Gemmiger</em> and <em>Catenibacteria</em> microbial communities. Further research indicated that environmental factors affecting population microbial composition included time spent in China, coffee intake, and sleep rhythm. Finally, constructing a random forest model for microbial differences among the three populations achieved 81.9 % accuracy in population inference. This study can identify migratory groups and confirm individuals' place of residence and ethnic origin, offering assistance for forensic individual tracing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method development for the analysis of synthesis markers from clandestine amphetamine production via the Leuckart route in wastewater using polydimethylsiloxane rods for passive sampling in combination with GC-MS techniques","authors":"Maximilian Greif ,&nbsp;Jennifer Rosin ,&nbsp;Thorsten Rößler ,&nbsp;Thomas P. Knepper ,&nbsp;Carolin Huhn ,&nbsp;Stephan Wagner ,&nbsp;Michael Pütz","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clandestine amphetamine synthesis via the Leuckart route generates large amounts of toxic aqueous production waste, often disposed into the sewer system by criminal producers. The detection of synthesis markers from production waste by wastewater analysis can indicate waste disposal and contribute to the localization of a clandestine laboratory responsible for the discharge. Traditional approaches usually require laborious sample acquisition and preparation. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rods were investigated for their use as passive samplers, which enable isolation and enrichment from complex aqueous matrices in a single step, followed by direct analysis by thermal desorption gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) techniques. In this work, the suitability of PDMS rods for extraction of amphetamine synthesis markers from the Leuckart route in wastewater influent is systematically tested and evaluated. The extraction procedure was optimized for five target compounds, yielding extraction efficiencies from 9 % to 82 %. Furthermore, two TD-GC-MS methods using a bench-top and a portable instrument for potential rapid on-site analysis were validated. The overall methodology proved to be repeatable with RSDs from 4.4 % to 20.1 % (bench-top system) and from 6.6 % to 14.8 % (portable system). Lowest LOD values for a single compound (4-methyl-5-phenylpyrimidine) were 0.9 and 1.5 ng in 10 mL samples for the bench-top and portable system, respectively. Analysis of wastewater samples spiked with real production waste highlighted the wide range of compounds that can be extracted using PDMS rods. Furthermore, the application of PDMS rods in forensic case work is described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of 88 anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning cases: Characteristics and forensic implications","authors":"Zhonghao Yu ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuhao Yuan ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangting Gao ,&nbsp;Laijing Sun ,&nbsp;Yiwu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to synthesize and analyze toxicological characteristics from reported cases of human anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning, providing reference data for clinical diagnosis and forensic practices. We systematically identified English-language case reports (published since 2000) of human anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning via PubMed and Web of Science. A retrospective analysis was performed on various characteristics, including year, age, gender, manner of poisoning, latency period, clinical symptoms and examination results, primary treatment methods, pathological changes in fatal cases, types and concentrations of rodenticides, and toxicological analysis methods. A total of 88 poisoning cases were identified, comprising 52 cases of accidental poisoning, 31 cases of suicidal poisoning, 3 cases of unknown poisoning and 2 cases of homicide. The median latency period was 4 days (range: 1 ∼ 30). Multi-organ hemorrhage was the predominant clinical manifestation, with hematuria being the most frequently reported symptom (n = 39). Coagulation function tests revealed average values of aPTT, PT, and INR of aPTT: 110 (3.71 ∼ 212) s, PT: 100 (11.6 ∼ 300) s and INR: 9 (0.98 ∼ 38.2), respectively, all significantly exceeding normal ranges. Vitamin K₁ administration (intravenous or oral) was the primary treatment. Six fatalities occurred and autopsy findings in three cases primarily indicated multi-organ hemorrhage and necrosis. About the types of rodenticides, a total of 38 cases reported 7 distinct types, with brodifacoum and bromadiolone being the most common, presenting median concentrations of 0.15 μg/mL (0.05 ∼ 10) and 0.1215 μg/mL (0.00032 ∼ 1.665), respectively, which may be significant for clinical diagnosis and forensic identification. In Conclusion, this retrospective analysis characterized key features of 88 cases of anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning and may provide valuable reference to support clinical management and forensic investigation in suspected poisoning events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro monoamine reuptake inhibition and forensic case series in Sweden of the synthetic cathinones 2-, 3-, and 4-Me-alpha-PiHP","authors":"Henrik Green ,&nbsp;Mattias Persson ,&nbsp;Maria Wikström ,&nbsp;Manuela Carla Monti","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic cathinones are the second largest class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and are sold as replacements of traditional stimulant drugs. Pyrovalerone-type synthetic cathinones have been present on the recreational drug market for over a decade, including their detection in intoxication cases and drug-related fatalities. This work investigated the <em>in vitro</em> pharmacological profiles at the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin re-uptake transporters (DAT, NET, and SERT) of the recently emerged pyrovalerone-type synthetic cathinones 2-, 3-, and 4-Me-alpha-PiHP. This study is complemented with nation-wide casework data on drug seizures and forensic toxicological investigations from forensic institutions in Sweden. 2-, 3-, and 4-Me-alpha-PiHP showed strong selectivity to target DAT, over NET and SERT with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀s) at DAT of 7.6 nM, 1.7 nM, and 0.5 nM, respectively. For all three compounds the DAT/SERT ratio, an indicator for reinforcing effects, surpassed cocaine’s ratio by &gt; 40-fold. 4-Me-alpha-PiHP was the first isomer to emerge in 2020, followed by 2-Me-alpha-PiHP in 2022, and 3-Me-alpha-PiHP in 2023, with a total of 113 seizures. The compounds were detected in forensic toxicological casework 37 times during this period, including 5 autopsy cases. A high rate of co-detections (e.g. amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and opioids) was observed. This work demonstrates the dynamics of the synthetic cathinone market. Whilst the overall use of 2-, 3-, and 4-Me-alpha-PiHP appears to be regional and relatively limited, their dopaminergic action and harm potentials render their characterization, close monitoring, and reporting important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing illicit drug laboratories by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry","authors":"Martin Lippmann ,&nbsp;Christoph Schaefer ,&nbsp;Clara Schindler ,&nbsp;Michiel Beukers ,&nbsp;Niels Beijer ,&nbsp;Moritz Hitzemann ,&nbsp;Ben van de Kamp ,&nbsp;Ruud Peters ,&nbsp;Jaap Knotter ,&nbsp;Stefan Zimmermann","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The illegal production of synthetic drugs in clandestine laboratories is an emerging threat within the European Union, necessitating improved methods for law enforcement agencies to locate these illegal sites. Combining gas chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry is a promising technology for reliably detecting trace amounts of substances in the gas phase. Therefore, the feasibility of detecting precursors involved in methamphetamine synthesis was investigated in this work. It is shown that relevant precursors of the three main synthesis pathways of the most prominent precursor, benzyl methyl ketone, naming the Dakin-West method, the nitrostyrene method and the Baeyer-Villinger pathway can be detected at concentrations down to single-digit ppb_v levels. Reliable detection of these substances is based on retention time and reduced ion mobility, minimizing cross-sensitivities. Finally, using a real seized sample of benzyl methyl ketone, it was demonstrated that by-products from the synthesis can be detected in the headspace of such a sample, potentially allowing for drug profiling by sampling the gas phase near suspicious premises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing national decision rules for forensic blood alcohol analysis in Italy: A dynamic framework incorporating measurement uncertainty and interlaboratory performance","authors":"Luca Zamengo ,&nbsp;Gianpaola Tedeschi ,&nbsp;Giampietro Frison ,&nbsp;Denis Badocco ,&nbsp;Carlo Griffoni ,&nbsp;Diego Ponzin ,&nbsp;Alan Wayne Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces a dynamic framework for reporting blood alcohol concentration (BAC) by integrating measurement uncertainty and interlaboratory variation. This approach is considered necessary to ensure more consistent decision-making rules when analytical results are used in a legal context. Although these rules have been developed within the Italian context, they are adaptable to other countries as well. Included in the framework are critical challenges stemming from variability in laboratory performance and method uncertainty. Data were collected through a national interlaboratory proficiency program involving up to 50 laboratories since 2017. Robust statistical methods were applied to determine consensus values and combined uncertainties. Laboratories meeting inclusion criteria were classified into four performance tiers (Q1-Q4) based on the quartiles of the guard band (GB) distribution, derived from their own uncertainty values. GB values were used to set standardized decision limits, ensuring that the maximum false positive risk remains within 5 % across all laboratories. Results highlight significant performance discrepancies, with GB values varying widely and leading to fragmented decision limits. By clustering laboratories into quartile groups, the framework reduces fragmentation and harmonizes assessments while at the same time maintaining a transparent, performance-based classification. Additionally, targeted training programs and periodic recalibration of uncertainty and GB values promote continuous improvement and enable laboratories to advance to higher tiers as their performance improves. This approach enhances overall reliability, accuracy, and fairness of BAC assessments, and provides a scientifically rigorous approach to uniform reporting results from forensic laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of an IR standoff spectrometer prototype for rapid crime scene forensic surveying","authors":"Yuri V. Flores ,&nbsp;Stefan Hugger ,&nbsp;Markus Schwarzenberg ,&nbsp;André Merten ,&nbsp;Bernd Rothenberger ,&nbsp;Jéremié Jambet ,&nbsp;Christian Schilling ,&nbsp;Christian Ulrich ,&nbsp;Wenka Schweikert ,&nbsp;Gino Groeneveld ,&nbsp;Cristina Cano Trujillo ,&nbsp;Gemma Montalvo ,&nbsp;Frank Schnürer ,&nbsp;Marko Haertelt","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A common need across crime scene investigators is the ability to quickly identify forensic-relevant elements at the scene and prioritize trace collection. This is particularly evident at early stages of a crime scene investigation, increasing awareness and also potentially reducing safety risks induced by exposure to hazardous substances. Here, a standoff spectrometer prototype for in-situ forensics is presented. The measurement principle is diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (IR). At a standoff distance of up to 1.5 m, targets (points of interest selected by forensic operators) are illuminated by two multiplexed IR lasers and the measured diffuse reflectance spectra are classified in real time. The prototype’s performance towards the intended application in preliminary crime scene survey is evaluated by testing a range of substances of forensic interest including blood, explosives, drugs of abuse, precursors, adulterants, cutting and bulking agents. Time-uninterrupted measurements with millisecond-resolution are presented and discussed. Good detection and selectivity results were obtained for the vast majority of the investigated samples. Strong potential is found for the preliminary identification of blood at the crime scene, distinguishing it from potential interferents. © 2025 The Authors. Published by El sevier B.V.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 112656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}