Forensic science international最新文献

{"title":"Automated sex and age estimation from orthopantomograms using deep learning: A comparison with human predictions","authors":"Inseok Kim ,&nbsp;Sujin Yang ,&nbsp;Yiseul Choi ,&nbsp;Hyeokhyeon Kwon ,&nbsp;Changmin Lee ,&nbsp;Wonse Park","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><div>Estimating sex and chronological age is crucial in forensic dentistry and forensic identification. Traditional manual methods for sex and age estimation are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to errors. This study aimed to develop an automatic and robust method for estimating sex and chronological age from orthopantomograms using a multi-task deep learning network.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A deep learning model was developed using a multi-task learning approach with a backbone network and separate attention branches for sex and age estimation. The dataset comprised 2067 orthopantomograms, evenly distributed across sex and age groups ranging from 3 to 89 years. The model was trained using the VGG backbone, optimizing for both sex classification and age regression tasks. Performance was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R²), and classification accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The developed model demonstrated outstanding performance in chronological age estimation, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.43 years and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.941. For sex estimation, the model achieved an accuracy of 90.2 %, significantly outperforming human observers, whose accuracy ranged from 46.3 % to 63 % for sex prediction and from 16.4 % to 91.3 % for age estimation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The proposed multi-task deep learning model provides a highly accurate and automated method for estimating sex and chronological age from orthopantomograms. Compared to human predictions, the model exhibited superior accuracy and consistency, highlighting its potential for forensic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 112531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-estimation method for three-dimensional shapes of the skull and skull parts using machine learning","authors":"Kazuhiko Imaizumi ,&nbsp;Shiori Usui ,&nbsp;Takeshi Nagata ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Seiji Shiotani","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sex estimation is an indispensable test for identifying skeletal remains in the field of forensic anthropology. We developed a novel sex-estimation method for skulls and several parts of the skull using machine learning. A total of 240 skull shapes were obtained from postmortem computed tomography scans. The shapes of the whole skull, cranium, and mandible were simplified by wrapping them with virtual elastic film. These were then transformed into homologous shape models. Homologous models of the cranium and mandible were segmented into six regions containing well-known sexually dimorphic areas. Shape data were reduced in dimensionality by principal component analysis (PCA) or partial least squares regression (PLS). The components of PCA and PLS were applied to a support vector machine (SVM), and the accuracy rates of sex estimation were assessed. High accuracy rates in sex estimation were observed in SVM after reducing the dimensionality of data with PLS. The rates exceeded 90 % in two of the nine regions examined, whereas the SVM with PCA components did not reach 90 % in any region. Virtual shapes created from very large and small scores of the first principal components of PLS closely resembled masculine and feminine models created by emphasizing the shape difference between the averaged shape of male and female skulls. Such similarities were observed in all skull regions examined, particularly in sexually dimorphic areas. Estimation models also achieved high estimation accuracies in newly prepared skull shapes, suggesting that the estimation method developed here may be sufficiently applicable to actual casework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 112532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of decomposition on the cardiovascular system: A systematic review","authors":"Gianmarco Argentiero ,&nbsp;Matilde Talamo ,&nbsp;Federica Amirante ,&nbsp;Giovanni Cecchetto ,&nbsp;Biagio Solarino","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Postmortem decomposition poses significant challenges in forensic pathology, particularly in the evaluation of the heart and coronary arteries. Putrefactive processes may alter or mask cardiac pathology, complicating the interpretation of cause of death. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature on decomposition-related alterations of the heart and vessels, focusing on their forensic impact.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic literature review was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including studies from 1970 onward. Articles were screened according to predefined criteria, and duplicates were removed using <em>Rayyan software</em>. After initial screening and full-text evaluation, seven original research articles and one forensic guideline were included in the final analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review confirmed a significant lack of focused studies on cardiac decomposition. Calcified atherosclerotic plaques remained detectable in various stages of decomposition, including skeletal remains, and may serve as reliable postmortem indicators. In contrast, myocardial histology was often unreliable due to autolysis and bacterial overgrowth. Postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) showed some capacity to visualize vascular calcifications but was hindered by postmortem gas and fluid artifacts. Mummification and adipocere cases demonstrated improved preservation of cardiac morphology, particularly of coronary arteries, though valvular structures remained difficult to assess.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current literature provides limited guidance on the forensic evaluation of decomposed cardiac tissues. Despite this, certain features such as vascular calcifications may retain diagnostic value. Further controlled studies are needed to develop standardized protocols for assessing postmortem cardiac pathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 112529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSBRL: A novel approach for fire origin localization via window brightness pattern analysis in surveillance videos","authors":"Huaqing Song,&nbsp;LanChi Xie,&nbsp;ZhiHui Li,&nbsp;MingZhi Wang,&nbsp;ZhiGang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire origin determination plays a crucial role in forensic investigations, yet remains challenging in complex indoor environments where traditional methods based on burn patterns or chemical residues often face significant limitations or interference. This paper introduces Multi-Source Brightness Ratio Localization (MSBRL), an innovative non-destructive approach that determines fire origins by analyzing relative brightness patterns observed through multiple windows in surveillance videos. By leveraging the unique spatial-temporal characteristics of early fire development, MSBRL provides critical insights even when direct visualization of the fire is not possible. We establish both theoretical and practical foundations for this method: a comprehensive mathematical model incorporating primary and secondary light reflections demonstrates how brightness ratios uniquely determine source locations, while controlled experiments in a real-world fire case validate its effectiveness. Results show that MSBRL can precisely locate fire origins through systematic post-incident validation, successfully replicating observed brightness patterns using controlled light sources. This method’s ability to extract quantifiable data from surveillance footage while preserving the fire scene advances forensic fire investigation capabilities, particularly in scenarios where conventional techniques are compromised by firefighting activities or environmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 112528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pen Ink Library: An interactive database of writing instruments based on Vis-NIR reflection spectra and optical properties of inks","authors":"Martina Luňáková ,&nbsp;Jan Dorazil ,&nbsp;Martin Jonák ,&nbsp;Štěpán Ježek ,&nbsp;Radim Burget","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many tasks in forensic examination of handwritten documents require classification of writing instruments that have ink of similar properties as the ink found on a questioned document. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for non-destructive identification of inks based on optical properties and reflectance spectra of the ink, measured from handwriting strokes. Building on this methodology, we developed an interactive database that we call the “Pen Ink Library”, which lists 718 various writing instruments and enables systematic comparison and semi-automatic search of writing instruments, using the measured characteristics of their ink. To highlight the significance and applicability of the database, we additionally exploit the large amounts of collected measurements to design computer-based data analysis methods for classification and comparative analysis of ink samples. For validation of the semi-automatic search functionality of the Pen Ink Library we performed a series of blind tests using twenty randomly selected writing instruments. Here, an instrument with the same brand and model was found in nine cases, and an instrument with a different brand and model, but with identical spectrum and optical parameters, was found in five cases. Cross-validation of the computer-based data analysis methods on the measurements from the database yielded above 90<!--> <!-->% accuracy of the classification method and 5.3<!--> <!-->% to 12.7<!--> <!-->% error rate of the comparative analysis method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 112508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D‑3D registration of labial anterior dentition: A potential method for personal identification in living individuals","authors":"De-min Huo ,&nbsp;Xi-ping Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-wei Mo ,&nbsp;Kai-jun Ma ,&nbsp;Meng Du ,&nbsp;Zhe-chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Ling-yu Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-yan Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in 3D video surveillance and dental reconstruction enable pre-acquisition of 3D labial anterior dentition models, offering forensic odontologists critical data for identification when facial obstructions impede traditional methods. However, no prior studies have validated the reliability of 3D-3D registration for exclusive use of labial anterior dentition features in dental identification. This study proposes a protocol for 3D-3D registration of labial dentition and systematically evaluates its forensic efficacy across two precision scenarios: high- (intraoral scans) and low-precision (3D facial scans). Thirty participants underwent sequential acquisition of maxillary intraoral scans (IOS-1) and 3D facial models (Face-1), with follow-up acquisitions (IOS-2, Face-2) obtained after a six-month interval to assess temporal consistency. Standardized extraction of labial crown regions of interest (ROIs) was performed using Geomagic Control X software, with subsequent calculation of root mean square (RMS) distances between matched and mismatched pairs. Relative Technical Error of Measurement (rTEM) and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess observer errors and group differences. In the high-precision scenario, intra- and inter-observer rTEM values were &lt; 4.85 %, with matches (RMS: 0.07–0.19 mm) significantly lower than mismatches (0.45–1.62 mm; P &lt; 0.001), showing no overlap. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis achieved 100 % accuracy at a 0.32 mm cutoff. In the low-precision scenario, rTEM values were &lt; 8.21 %, with matches (0.26–0.63 mm) significantly lower than mismatches (0.50–1.89 mm; P &lt; 0.001) but partial overlap. ROC analysis yielded 96.3 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity (99.7 % accuracy) at 0.63 mm. High-precision models demonstrated superior discriminatory power. The study establishes technical validity for labial dentition 3D-3D registration in living individual identification, with high-precision models demonstrating forensic-grade discriminative capability. This approach addresses critical challenges in contemporary forensic practice where conventional facial recognition is impeded by data limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 112525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravity's influence on facial shape changes during vertical and horizontal head scanning: Effects of sex, age, and body fat","authors":"Renitta Rajan Thottungal ,&nbsp;Katarína Harnádková ,&nbsp;Ján Dupej ,&nbsp;Jana Velemínská","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Recently, CT scans of the head are increasingly being used for a variety of forensic reasons, regardless of the head position in which the scans were taken. The study is aimed at monitoring differences in facial shape in vertical and horizontal positions caused by gravity. The first aim was to analyze variations in facial morphology due to gravity between sexes, looking into which regions are most affected. The second aim was to understand changes in the facial soft tissue position due to gravity with advancing age. The final objective was to investigate how variations in body fat percentage influence facial changes due to gravity.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study uses 3D facial scans of 132 Czech and Slovak adults (85 females, 47 males), aged 20–72, captured in vertical and horizontal positions. Differences between both facial polygon networks representing the influence of gravity were analyzed by geometric morphometric methods (CPD-DCA, color-coded maps) and the Morphome3cs II software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both sexes showed a similar but otherwise intense shift of facial soft tissues in horizontal position. Males exhibited a stronger supero-lateral shift from the upper cheek to parotid-masseteric regions, whereas females showed greater buccal retrusion. Intensities of soft tissue displacement in these areas increase with increasing age. Almost the same trend can be observed when comparing soft tissue displacement with normal and increased body fat percentage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Positional correction factors should be implemented in craniofacial identification for increased efficiency of facial reconstruction software towards creating realistic approximations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 112516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on hair after single and repeated short in vivo passive exposures to low- and high-Δ9-THC-cannabis","authors":"Arianna Giorgetti ,&nbsp;Susan Mohamed ,&nbsp;Francesca Rossi ,&nbsp;Simone Santelli ,&nbsp;Filippo Pirani ,&nbsp;Guido Pelletti ,&nbsp;Jennifer Paola Pascali ,&nbsp;Susi Pelotti","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged cannabis smoke exposure could give rise to detectable levels of cannabinoids in hair, complicating forensic hair analysis interpretation. Exposure to “light cannabis”, i.e., products that are low in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and enriched in cannabidiol (CBD), can additionally lead to contamination, as shown <em>in vitro</em>. The aim of the present study was to assess whether detectable hair levels of Δ9-THC and CBD could arise <em>in vivo</em> from short, single and repeated passive exposure to cannabis and “light cannabis” and whether the two products could be distinguished.</div><div>Four volunteers underwent weekly 15-minute exposures to low-Δ9-THC (0.5 %) cannabis smoke, delivered by a pump inside a car, over a month. After 1 month of washout, exposures were repeated with the same scheme with high-Δ9-THC (5 %).</div><div>Hair and urines samples were collected after each exposure. Hair samples were tested, with and without a washing step (total n = 72), by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for Δ9-THC and CBD. Urines were tested for drug metabolites (LOD: 1.66 ng/ml).</div><div>No accumulation of drugs over exposures was shown. Urines always tested negative. Washed hair samples were positive for CBD (mean 0.05 ng/mg) after exposure to low-Δ9-THC cannabis, and for Δ9-THC (mean 0.02 ng/mg) after exposure to high-Δ9-THC cannabis, with levels also typical of drug use. The two products could be easily distinguished.</div><div>Our study showed that hair contamination could arise <em>in vivo</em> even after short single exposures to cannabis and “light cannabis”, underlining the need for a careful interpretation of results of hair analysis in forensic toxicology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 112515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a miniaturized sensor system using screen-printed carbon electrodes for on-site detection of MDMA in seized drugs","authors":"Paweł Stelmaszczyk ,&nbsp;Ewa Markiel ,&nbsp;Karolina Sekuła ,&nbsp;Roman Stanaszek ,&nbsp;Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, is a widely abused psychoactive substance, especially in the context of club and party scenes. Due to its prevalence and the associated health risks, rapid and reliable methods for its detection are essential, particularly for forensic investigations. This study presents the development of a portable sensor system for the detection of MDMA using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The SPEs were manually fabricated in the laboratory, and the electrochemical behavior of MDMA was thoroughly characterized, with special attention given to the influence of pH on the oxidation process. The method was optimized for quantitative analysis with a detection limit of 0.5 µM and a linear range of 2.5–50 µM. The sensor demonstrated high reproducibility, satisfactory precision (intra-day CV%: 2.1–7.1 %; inter-day CV%: 5.4–6.3 %), and excellent recovery rates (89–105 %). The system was successfully applied to the analysis of authentic ecstasy samples, and the results were consistent with those obtained by the reference UHPLC-DAD method. The fully manual fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and low detection limits of this sensor system, combined with its simplicity, portability, and reliability, suggest its strong potential as an effective and accessible tool for on-site MDMA detection in forensic applications, even in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 112514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scientometric review of explosives research: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Amy Bruce ,&nbsp;Lotte E. Timmerman ,&nbsp;Nana A. Fiakpui ,&nbsp;Lauren Lessey ,&nbsp;Matthew S. Beardah ,&nbsp;Niamh Nic Daéid ,&nbsp;Hervé Ménard","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well documented that the amount of scientific literature is increasing annually, leading to increased effort being required to understand the breadth and depth of a field of interest. To address this challenge, a scientometric approach focussing on keyword analysis was used to evaluate explosives evidence in forensic science and identify trends, gaps, and opportunities. Analysis was carried out by examining the references contained in the triennial INTERPOL International Forensic Science Managers Symposium (IFSMS) reports (4665 references) and through a search for “explosive” in the Scopus citation database (70,699 references) to map the research landscape. This study focusses specifically on keyword representation and aims to identify opportunities to improve the searchability and accessibility of future published research. It was found that while analytical techniques are well represented and easily identified in the literature, other research areas such as the recovery of explosive traces are not. Military explosives, especially TNT, are the most referenced explosive compounds within the literature, however, it was challenging to identify literature on specific explosives, as compounds are often not included in searchable fields. To address these limitations, the use of standardised supplementary material is proposed to improve future searchability and discoverability. It is recommended that the explosives community come together to agree the most suitable strategy. This would enable researchers and practitioners to conduct focussed literature searching and develop a deep understanding across the field of explosives research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 112513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}