Forensic science international最新文献

{"title":"The 2 stages of cartridge primer toolmark production and the implied impact of cartridge manufacturing tolerances","authors":"Mike Williams,&nbsp;Katie Addinall,&nbsp;Liam Blunt","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many methods of ballistic toolmark comparison rely upon comparison using 2D greyscale imaging. However, newly emerging analysis methods such as areal surface analysis now utilise an extra dimension of measurement allowing the surface heights/depths of unique toolmark features to be recorded in a densely populated (x,y,z) array for a 3D/areal quantitative comparative analysis. Due to this step change, the colloquialism in referring to the crater produced at the centre of the primer during firing as a “firing pin impression” has become a misnomer, leading some to believe that this toolmark is produced via a single process, where the critical variable is the condition of the firing pin. Furthermore, current forensic ballistic methodology relies on the microscopic differences between individual fired bullets and cartridge cases produced as a result of the manufacturing process of a particular firearm, in this case “matched toolmarks” confirm a ballistic match to a specific firearm. However, very rarely is it considered that the ammunition itself possesses minute differences produced during manufacture that could affect the ballistic match efficacy. This study examines the discharge process of conventional centrefire ammunition and concludes that the unique toolmarks upon the cartridge primer are definitively produced in two defined stages. This conclusion suggests that the factory loading and quality control tolerances of the cartridge itself should now be considered to be a more significant contributing factor to the production of cartridge primer toolmarks than has previously been accepted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 112231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037907382400313X/pdfft?md5=f81d65311fb41b8ceef654e38199cee9&pid=1-s2.0-S037907382400313X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic International Dental Database (FIDBv2) for adult age-at-death estimation in multiple forensic contexts: Strengthening the operationalization of the Lamendin criteria in a global scope model","authors":"Leandro H. Luna ,&nbsp;Roberto C. Parra ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Garizoain ,&nbsp;Pablo A. Rodríguez ,&nbsp;P. Sebastián Giannotti ,&nbsp;Daniela Mansegosa ,&nbsp;Eric Baccino ,&nbsp;Douglas H. Ubelaker ,&nbsp;Laurent Martrille ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Moraitis ,&nbsp;Eleni Zorba ,&nbsp;Manusmrati Mishra ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Retamal ,&nbsp;Ademir Franco ,&nbsp;Paulo Miamoto ,&nbsp;Andrea Baz ,&nbsp;Frederic Camarasa ,&nbsp;Lucio Condori ,&nbsp;Karen Escalante-Flórez ,&nbsp;Carmen Hernández Flores ,&nbsp;Claudia M. Aranda","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to validate the FIDBv2 online procedure for adult age-at-death estimation using root dentine translucency (RDT) and periodontal retraction (PR) of single-rooted teeth in a worldwide sample. The sample includes 4810 teeth of 2559 individuals from 16 countries of America, Europe and Asia. Bias and inaccuracy between documented (DA) and estimated ages (EA) were calculated. Pearson and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients were computed to assess the strength of agreement between pairs of data, while Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z was used to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences. The percentages of correctly estimated cases within different age ranges were obtained to find trends in the reliability of the results. Most of the biases (-4.61–1.31 years) and inaccuracies (4.81–9.72 years) are low. The dispersion of EA increases with age and almost all the DA-EA correlations are above 0.75. DA-RDT and DA-PR correlations are positive, most of the former being high (0.74–0.91), and the latter being low (0.11–0.54). The highest percentages of correct estimations are identified for the ±7.5 and ±10 years ranges, and most comparisons of bias and inaccuracy between countries are non-significant. The high correlations between DA and EA suggest that the method is robust and reliable for a global application. Mean errors are low, with the best results found in the 30–69-year-old cohort. This research supports that the method is effective and accurate for age estimation in forensic contexts worldwide, thus reaffirming it is a generalizable procedure locally and internationally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 112230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating probability terms for the background presence of glass when considering activity in forensic casework","authors":"James M. Curran ,&nbsp;Patrick Buzzini ,&nbsp;Tatiana Trejos","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coulson et al. [1] proposed methodology for the estimation of the <em>P</em> and <em>S</em> terms used in glass interpretation when assessing the value of the findings given activity level propositions. These terms arise in a model proposed by Evett [2], Evett and Buckleton [3], and are based on survey data. Specifically they proposed a model for estimating <em>P</em>_<em>k</em>, <em>k</em> = 0, 1, 2, … and <em>S</em>_<em>n</em>, <em>n</em> = 1, 2, where <em>P</em>_<em>k</em> is the probability of finding <em>k</em> distinct sources (or groups) of glass on a person of interest (POI), and <em>S</em>_<em>n</em> is the probability that the <em>k</em>th source consists of <em>n</em> fragments. In this article we make a number of extensions to the work of Coulson et al. [1]. Firstly we derive an estimate of the uncertainty in the parameter of the Coulson et al. model, and show how this may be used—for example, to compute an estimate of how the probabilities may vary or how to compare estimates resulting from different surveys. Secondly, we extend the model by allowing a more sensible modelling of the “excess” zeros (in the case of the <em>P</em> terms) and excess ones (in the case of the <em>S</em> terms). The methodology used to make these extensions relies on purely frequentist theory of estimation in keeping with the original work. A Bayesian approach to estimation will be the subject of future work. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of an R (R Core Team, [4]) package, called fitPS (Curran, [5]) which makes the methodology described in this article easy to implement in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 112221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to Editor regarding article “Ok Google, Start a Fire. IoT devices as witnesses and actors in fire investigations”","authors":"Nishchal Soni","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 112224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"The Doppelgänger effect? A comparative study of forensic facial depiction methods\"[Forensic Sci. Int. 356 (2024) 111935].","authors":"Kathryn Smith, Caroline Wilkinson","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":" ","pages":"112229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In response to Letter to Editor regarding article “Ok Google, Start a Fire. IoT devices as witnesses and actors in fire investigations”","authors":"Francesco Servida,&nbsp;Thomas Souvignet","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 112225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in forensic science: Comprehensive review of hyperspectral imaging for bodily fluid analysis","authors":"Amal S. Pradeep,&nbsp;Joe Babu,&nbsp;J. Sudaroli Sandana,&nbsp;S. Deivalakshmi","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has become a crucial innovation in forensic science, particularly for analysing bodily fluids. This advanced technology captures both spectral and spatial data across a wide spectrum of wavelengths, offering comprehensive insights into the composition and distribution of bodily fluids found at crime scenes. In this review, we delve into the forensic applications of HSI, emphasizing its role in detecting, identifying, and distinguishing various bodily fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, vaginal fluid, semen, and menstrual blood. We examine the benefits of HSI compared to traditional methods, noting its non-destructive approach, high sensitivity, and capability to differentiate fluids even in complex mixtures. Additionally, we discuss recent advancements in HSI technology and their potential to enhance forensic investigations. This review highlights the importance of HSI as a valuable tool in forensic science, opening new pathways for improving the accuracy and efficiency of crime scene analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 112227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive evaluation of Cell Elution Method (CEM) for forensic DNA analysis from smoked cigarettes","authors":"Molina Madhulika Ekka ,&nbsp;Aflah Shadil ,&nbsp;Bhargav C. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cigarette stubs are commonly encountered trace DNA samples at crime scenes. Standard laboratory practice typically involves direct lysis of the stub for DNA extraction, leading to the co-extraction of DNA-degrading and inhibiting constituents from smoke and tobacco. This process can result in lower-quality DNA profiles. There has been limited focus on developing specific sample processing techniques that minimize these degrading agents and inhibitors before DNA extraction, which could significantly enhance the quality of DNA profiles. This study evaluates a previously established Cell Elution Method (CEM) against the conventional Direct Lysis Method (DLM) for DNA extraction from cigarette stubs. DNA quantity, quality, and subsequent STR profiles were assessed in 80 smoked cigarette stubs, comprising both flavoured and unflavoured types. While CEM exhibited comparable DNA yield from both flavoured (0.17 ng) and unflavoured (0.19 ng) cigarettes, DLM showed significant variability in average DNA yield for unflavoured (0.05 ng) and for flavoured (0.25 ng) cigarettes. Notably, CEM-treated samples demonstrated lower Degradation Index (DI) values compared to DLM-treated ones for both the types of cigarettes. Consequently, STR profiling success rates were higher with CEM, with 95 % of flavoured and 55 % of unflavoured samples yielding informative profiles, compared to 80 % and 0 %, respectively, for DLM. In unflavoured stubs, Amelogenin marker amplification was achieved in 35 % of CEM-treated samples, significantly outperforming the 5 % success rate with DLM. Additionally, CEM resulted in higher average allele recovery rates for both flavoured (58.98 %) and unflavoured (33.41 %) samples compared to DLM. These findings indicate that CEM outperforms DLM in producing higher-quality DNA profiles from cigarette stubs. Thus, CEM can be a choice of method for processing cigarette stub prior to DNA extraction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 112220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of gasoline residues on household materials up to 60 days: Comparison of two extinguishing methods","authors":"Mihriban Dilan Kilic,&nbsp;Murat Yayla,&nbsp;Selda Mercan","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detection of ignitable liquid residues in a fire scene is essential for determining the origin. Although studies are focused on the detection of residues of accelerants depending on time or matrices, the time-dependent effect of the water extinguishing method in a fire has not yet been investigated. Experimental studies are needed to determine how long ignitable liquid residues can be detected in water-extinguished evidence compared to the smothering method. In this study, the effects of both extinguishing methods on gasoline residues were investigated after burning of carpet, sofa fabric, tablecloth, and towel by Solid Phase Micro Extraction- Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) technique. Four mandatory and 14 additional compounds were considered to prove the gasoline residue after the monitoring of possible interferences. Results showed that gasoline residues on the burned carpet and sofa fabric samples were successfully detected in both extinguishing methods up to 60 and 30 days after fire exposure, respectively due to multi-layered structures of related substrates. Additionally, the prolonged detection time of the water-extinguishing method made it particularly beneficial for single-layered products like tablecloths, where gasoline residues were found after an hour in this substrate. This is the first study investigating the effects of the extinguishing methods depending on time for textile products, which are the most used materials in houses. In addition, the fact that acrylamide-containing sofa fabric was investigated for the first time and that gasoline residues in carpet samples can be detected up to 60 days makes this study stand out.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 112222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the enigma: Autopsy challenges in alleged snakebite deaths","authors":"Jayanthi Yadav ,&nbsp;Sangita Moirangthem ,&nbsp;Sibi Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;Jai Kumar Chaurasia ,&nbsp;Poovaragavan V ,&nbsp;Afsar Jahan","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Snakebites account for a substantial public health burden in India, contributing to 80 % of global snakebite fatalities. This case series explores the intricacies of two alleged neurotoxic snakebite deaths, delving into the complexities of diagnosing neurotoxic snakebite deaths in India through meticulous medico-legal autopsies. Despite initial suspicions and circumstantial evidence suggesting snakebite involvement, the autopsies revealed surprising causes of death. The article discusses challenges in accurately attributing deaths to snakebites, and the potential for false claims, and underscores the crucial role of Forensic pathologists in dispelling enigmas. Forensic pathologists are urged to maintain an unbiased approach, allowing postmortem findings to guide conclusions amidst deliberate attempts to mislead. The cases described highlight that ruling out snake bites in cases with positive history is as challenging as opining a case of neurotoxic snake bite as they are mainly the diagnosis of exclusion in autopsy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 112228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}