Forensic science international最新文献

{"title":"Impact of coca leaf flour candy consumption on cocaine and benzoylecgonine levels: The role of hygrine and cuscohygrine in distinguishing licit from illicit cocaine use","authors":"N.C. Rubio ,&nbsp;P. Herbello-Hermelo ,&nbsp;I. Álvarez-Freire ,&nbsp;P. Cabarcos-Fernández ,&nbsp;M.J. Tabernero-Duque ,&nbsp;I. Sánchez-Sellero ,&nbsp;P. Bermejo-Barrera ,&nbsp;A.M. Bermejo-Barrera ,&nbsp;A. Moreda-Piñeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The consumption of coca leaf products, a traditional practice in several Latin American countries, raises forensic challenges in distinguishing legal consumption from illicit cocaine use. This study investigates the implications of consuming coca flour-based candies on drug detection thresholds in oral fluid (OF) and urine for drug-impaired driving (DUID) and workplace drug testing (WDT) contexts. Three commercial candy brands were analyzed, revealing significant variability in coca alkaloid content. Volunteers consumed these candies under controlled conditions, with biological samples collected at various intervals. Key analytes, including cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BE), ecgonine methyl ester (EME), tropococaine (TRO) and cocaethylene (CE), were quantified alongside coca leaf-specific markers (cuscohygrine, cinnamoylcocaine, and hygrine). Analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) transitions to ensure specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>indicate that coca leaf markers (CUS, HYG) remain detectable after candy consumption, while traditional cocaine markers (COC, BE) exceeded international cutoffs for DUID and WDT in certain cases, particularly following ingestion of high-alkaloid brands. Coca-flour candies with alcoholic beverages produced detectable CE levels but never exceeded the cutoff values of 8 ng/mL in OF or 20 ng/mL in urine required by DUID guidelines. Analyte variability was influenced by candy brand, quantity consumed, and method of ingestion, with oral fluid showing prolonged detection when candies adhered to teeth. These findings emphasize the need to account for legal coca product consumption, as misinterpreted results could unjustly categorize consumers as illicit drug users, requiring nuanced approaches in forensic toxicology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of laser printer classification and identification","authors":"Yawen Zhao ,&nbsp;Xu Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic document examination has long focused on elucidating the classification and identification paradigms of laser-printed documents. Toner establishes critical evidentiary linkages between printed documents and their corresponding printing devices, making toner analysis a significant part of document examination. This systematic review synthesizes contemporary advances in laser printer forensics through tripartite analytical dimensions: morphological analysis, physical characterization, and chemical profiling. The emerging paradigm demonstrates heightened adoption of quasi-nondestructive and nondestructive testing methodologies to maintain evidentiary integrity, concurrently with the integration of chemometric workflows and machine learning architectures to address operational demands for rapid, high-fidelity analysis. Our methodological framework facilitates comparative evaluation of analytical techniques' merits and limitations, supported by bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed studies (2018–2024) that reveals emergent trends. Crucially, we identify a critical research gap in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) frameworks for forensic algorithm validation, underscoring the imperative for interpretable computational models in judicial contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical approaches for forensic paper comparison and differentiation: A critical review","authors":"Haohan Yuan ,&nbsp;Ruiqin Yang ,&nbsp;Zhe Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review provides a comprehensive overview of advanced analytical techniques employed in forensic science for paper comparison and differentiation, encompassing spectroscopic, chromatographic, mass spectrometric, and various complementary methods. It examines the principles, potential applications, and discriminatory potential of these diverse approaches, including the application of chemometrics and machine learning for data analysis and interpretation. However, the review critically highlights persistent challenges—such as substrate variability, environmental influences, database deficiencies, and validation gaps—which impede reliable forensic application. Enhancing scientific robustness and practical utility through focused efforts in validation, database creation, standardization, and interpretive methods is underscored as essential for advancing the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of ISO/IEC 17025 in forensic genetics laboratories in Brazil","authors":"Laryssa Silva de Andrade Bezerra ,&nbsp;Advaldo Carlos de Souza-Neto ,&nbsp;Paulo B. Chaves ,&nbsp;Camila Fabricio Poltronieri","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Brazil, while there are legal regulations establishing technical requirements to promote quality management systems in forensic genetics laboratories based on ISO standards, accreditation is not yet mandatory. In this study, we assess the compliance of Brazilian forensic genetics laboratories with ISO/IEC 17025 and try to identify the challenges these labs face in meeting those standards. A survey was responded by the 28 laboratories of the Integrated Network of Genetic Profile Databases (RIBPG) in order to gauge compliance with eight critical criteria: personnel management, equipment management, equipment calibration, method validation, proficiency testing, internal auditing, risk management, and critical review. The results indicate that laboratories reported greater compliance with ISO/IEC 17025 clauses already mandated and audited under the current national quality standard (Resolution 12 of the CG-RIBPG), such as pessoal competence (64 %) and equipment management (57 %). However, the results also revealed challenges in meeting some ISO requirements, especially those related to procurement of external services such as calibration (29 %) and proficiency testing through accredited providers (14 %). This article highlights the need for strategic public policy projects to support forensic laboratory accreditation, including capacity-building, specialized training, and monitoring of implementation. External motivators for accreditation and strategies tailored to the specific needs of the laboratories are also necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic analysis of minor victims from homicide cases in Shanghai, China: A 11-year retrospective study","authors":"Guanghui Hong ,&nbsp;Shouyu Wang ,&nbsp;Tianye Zhang ,&nbsp;Bi Xiao ,&nbsp;Kaijun Ma ,&nbsp;Zhimin Wang ,&nbsp;Zijie Lin ,&nbsp;Chenghui Sun ,&nbsp;Yiwen Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Homicide involving minors (under 18 years old) has always posed challenges for forensic experts. This study aims to summarize the forensic characteristics of minor victims from homicide cases in Shanghai (2010–2020), and retrospectively analyzed statistical changes over different periods. Of the 120 investigated minor victims, 66 were males and 54 were females. They were categorized into five age groups: &lt; 1 (25, 20.8 %), 1–4 (31, 25.8 %), 5–9 (14, 11.7 %), 10–14 (20, 16.7 %) and 15–17 (30, 25.0 %) years old (y/o). Female perpetrators were observed more frequently among victims aged &lt; 1 y/o compared to those aged 1–17 y/o (P &lt; 0.0001). Mechanical injury was the most common method of injury (65, sharp injury 36, blunt injury 30), followed by mechanical asphyxia (53) and firearm (1). No victims were associated with drugs. Mechanical asphyxia was more prevalent among victims under 9 y/o (75.7 %, 53/70), while the majority of victims aged 10–17 suffered from sharp or blunt injuries (78.0 %, 39/50). Sharp injuries increased with age, while mechanical asphyxia decreased. Shanghai had low minor homicide rates in 2010–2020 due to effective child protection measures, but incomplete autopsies in some cases remained an issue. Compared to 1999–2009, the number of homicide minor victims in Shanghai decreased, but their proportion in all age groups increased. Age distribution and injury methods changed, with a decrease in minors aged 15–17 and incidents of mechanical asphyxia was observed in 2010–2020.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic and toxicological insights into aconite poisoning: A retrospective analysis of clinical and postmortem findings","authors":"Feifei Zheng,&nbsp;Jinlong Zhang,&nbsp;Binbin Wang,&nbsp;Jie Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aconitine, a highly toxic alkaloid derived from the aconite plant, presents significant clinical and forensic challenges due to its cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. It may induce fatal ventricular arrhythmias and severe central nervous system disturbances when improperly used. The diagnosis of aconitine poisoning remains difficult, particularly in postmortem contexts, owing to its rapid metabolism and the non-specific nature of autopsy findings. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 35 reported cases of aconitine poisoning published between 1958 and 2024. Each case was evaluated for demographic characteristics, exposure route, clinical manifestations, treatment approaches, autopsy findings, and toxicological results. Our analysis revealed that the cardiovascular and nervous systems were most commonly affected, with symptom severity varying independently of dosage, suggesting interindividual susceptibility. Blood, urine, liver, and kidney represent the most common biological matrices for toxicological analysis. Hair analysis provides valuable chronological data in chronic exposure assessments, while fecal samples serve as reliable alternatives for postmortem detection when conventional specimens are unavailable or compromised. Notably, alcohol potentiates both the absorption and toxicity of aconitine. Furthermore, transdermal aconitine poisoning has been documented in fatal cases, particularly when applied to compromised skin integrity. These findings highlight the importance of timely toxicological testing and the utility of alternative biological matrices in both clinical and forensic settings, offering important insights for improving diagnostic accuracy and supporting forensic determinations in cases of aconitine poisoning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new synthetic opioid threat: A comprehensive review on MT-45","authors":"Sena Nur Kadem ,&nbsp;Zeynep Arslan ,&nbsp;Zeynep Turkmen","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MT-45 is an analgesic belonging to the class of new synthetic opioids (NSOs) found on the illicit drug market, with pharmacological effects similar to morphine. This substance, which can be administered by a variety of routes including oral, nasal, inhalation, and injection, poses a serious threat to public health, particularly through recreational use. MT-45, which is readily available to users, is commonly used to experience its opioid-like effects, which has led to its increasing popularity. It has also been reported to be used by mixing it with other psychoactive substances to obtain more potent effects. The use of MT-45 has been associated with many side effects such as alopecia, hair depigmentation, folliculitis, dermatitis, elevated liver enzymes, transverse white mees lines on fingernails and toenails, and cataracts. In addition, the addictive properties of MT-45 and cases of poisoning and death demonstrate the seriousness of its use and clearly show the negative effects of the substance on health. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive resource on the chemical and physical properties, exposure patterns, adverse effects, pharmacology, cases, and detection methods of MT-45 and its control. In this context, it is expected that the review study will draw attention to the abuse of MT-45 and contribute to clinical and judicial practice. In cases where skin, hair, and eye symptoms are observed, caution should be exercised against the possible use of MT-45. In this context, it is important to discourage non-medical use and to carry out studies to raise awareness of the potential risks of this substance in order to protect public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable AI for sharp injury identification using transfer learning with pre-trained deep neural networks","authors":"Shoutao Ni ,&nbsp;Fangmao Ju ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Miaogen Xuan ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Shutao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Guo ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Lian ,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate an AI-based method for automatically identifying and classifying sharp injuries using deep learning models, evaluate its effectiveness (e.g., accuracy and explainability), and support forensic injury classification.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A dataset comprising 1161 photos was collected, including stab wounds (723), chop wounds (314), and slash wounds (124) from homicide cases. After preprocessing and weighted random sampling, the processed dataset was divided into training and validation sets in an 8:2 ratio. Additionally, 212 images from new cases representing the three types of wounds were collected as an external dataset for a human vs. AI test. Specifically, three classification networks pre-trained on natural images—ResNet50, GoogLeNet, and ShuffleNet-V2—were fine-tuned via transfer learning on the training set. The models were then quantitatively tested in terms of precision, recall, F1 score, and reading time. The test results of AI models were compared with forensic pathologists using the external test data. Moreover, we analyzed the image explanation factors captured by these models according to the saliency maps produced by the class activation mapping techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All three models successfully classified three types of wounds. Among these, the GoogLeNet network model demonstrated an overall classification accuracy (total) and recall rate of 88.2 %. The model achieved its highest classification accuracy of 98.4 % for stab wounds, followed by 96.7 % for chop wounds and 30.0 % for slash wounds, the lowest among them. Classification accuracy is positively correlated with sample size. The model achieved a maximum precision rate of 88.4 % and a F1 score of 0.860, with a classification time of 0.04 seconds per image. A comparison with forensic pathologists revealed that the model's classification time was shorter, while its accuracy of stab and chop wounds was comparable to that of senior forensic pathologists, but the accuracy for slash wound was lower than that of junior forensic pathologists. The image explanation factors captured by AI models align closely with the characteristic wound positions identified by forensic pathologists.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The AI model effectively identifies the image characteristics of stab and chop wounds, enabling accurate recognition and rapid differentiation. The AI classification performance for stab and chop was comparable to that of senior forensic pathologists, implying the model’s practical utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-length 16S rRNA-based exploration of body site-specific bacterial signatures for origin determination and individual identification","authors":"Yinlei Lei ,&nbsp;Yu Deng ,&nbsp;Ruocheng Xia ,&nbsp;Baoyan Xie ,&nbsp;Zhenchen Yang ,&nbsp;Shuangyun Xi ,&nbsp;Pengyu Chen ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When the available human-derived information at a crime scene is limited, it poses challenges in determining the origin of the biological materials and identifying their donors. In this context, microorganisms have gradually emerged as a valuable complementary tool. Nowadays, the application of third-generation sequencing technology for full-length 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the specific bacterial biomarkers in various biological materials holds significant research and practical value. In this study, we performed full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing on sterile swabs from palmar skin, oral mucosa, and nasal cavity using the PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) platform. Alongside identifying specific bacterial biomarkers for these biological materials from different body sites, the study also preliminarily explored the specific bacterial taxa in 19 individuals at the phylum, genus, and species levels. The results showed that the palmar skin bacteria primarily consist of <em>Cutibacterium</em>, <em>Staphylococcus</em>, and <em>Streptococcus</em>, the oral mucosal bacteria are dominated by <em>Streptococcus</em>, <em>Neisseria</em>, and <em>Haemophilus</em>, while the dominant bacteria in nasal cavity are <em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Cutibacterium</em>. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in the bacterial community composition across the three origins of biological materials. Furthermore, classification models based on the bacterial species were constructed using the Random Forest, XGBoost, and KNN algorithms. The results showed that both Random Forest and XGBoost models achieved an accuracy of 97 %, significantly outperforming the KNN model (79 %). The prediction accuracy at the OTU level was comparable to that at the species level. In addition, bacterial community differences between individuals were observed at both the genus and species levels. Overall, this study further explores the potential of classification prediction methods based on bacterial features for distinguishing the body site origins of different biological materials and enabling individual traceability, thereby providing valuable data to support the application of microbiological techniques in forensic practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volabolomics' innovative evidence technique could have changed the outcome of the ‘painter murder’ sentence?","authors":"Andrea Mazzatenta ,&nbsp;Tiziana Pietragelo ,&nbsp;Roberto Demontis ,&nbsp;Cristiana Valentini ,&nbsp;Andrea Berti ,&nbsp;Michele Ciulla ,&nbsp;Pietro Di Profio ,&nbsp;Marcello Locatelli ,&nbsp;Cristian d’Ovidio","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of forensic science, advances in trace identification are a crucial aspect. A recent advance in the investigation of Volabolomic science highlights the possibility of using Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as evidence. In this paper, we applied experimental research on VOCs to forensic investigations, translating the method to a real murder case. Volabolomic data recordings were made using an electronic nose (e-nose) sensor. We tested, under conditions mimicking the true circumstances of a murder, the emission of VOCs from plastic bags and their permeability to the gases of cadaveric decay, <em>Volaboloma mortis</em>. All types of plastic bags used release VOCs, with slight differences depending on the material and processing method. In addition, all bags allow permeation to VOCs, in a consistent manner, enabling a higher permeation rate between 48 and 72 hours. These results highlight the importance of studying Volabolomic traces, which could enable a breakthrough in crime scene analysis by enriching it with a new set of measurable evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}