法医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Rapid Detection of Planktonic Microorganism DNA in Drowning： Technology Transfer and Application Implications].","authors":"Jichao Xu, Xiaohui Chen, Qin Su, Dang'en Gu, Tianchun Lin, Jianmiao Zhang, Liang Han, Ming Cai, Jian Zhao, Quyi Xu","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional diatom-based assays for drowning diagnosis present multiple inherent limitations, including prolonged testing durations, poor adaptability to field examination, compromised detecta‑ bility in aquatic environments with low diatom abundance, and reliance on a single type of forensic evidence. To address the above limitations, our team selected drowning-relevant planktonic microorga‑ nisms, including diatoms, cyanobacteria, and planktonic bacteria, as molecular biomarkers and established a rapid planktonic microorganism DNA detection system based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Correspondingly, a vehicle-mounted field DNA detection workstation was developed to enable on-site testing. Technology transfer was facilitated through an integrated industry-academia-research collaborative model involving public security forensic research divisions and industrial enterprises. Meanwhile, system performance validation was implemented in accordance with industrial specifications for diatom identification and standardized evaluation criteria for qPCR instruments. The developed system enabled on-site detection to be completed within 1.5 h, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.000 1 ng. All core technical parameters of the instrument exceeded existing industrial standards, with the advantages of convenient sample collection, high sensitivity, strong specificity, rapid testing, and ease of operation. This system not only satisfies the practical demands of forensic scene investigations but also complements morphological analysis by establishing an integrated \"molecular biology + morphology\" evidence framework. Furthermore, it provides a new strategy for the rapid diagnosis of drowning and offers valuable insights into the technology transfer achievements within the field of forensic science.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 3","pages":"215-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of a Fully Automated Blood Alcohol Analyzer and Its Application in Forensic Science].","authors":"Lei Tang, Weihong Xie, Chengfei Zhuo, Chen Xu, Huanhuan Yao, Xiaofei Li, Jianwei Zhang, Yang Li, Jianbo Ying","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.360401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.360401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood alcohol concentration detection has long relied on manual operations in the field of forensic identification, resulting in cumbersome workflows, low throughput, and substantial human error. Such drawbacks make it increasingly difficult to meet the growing demands for case-handling efficiency and evidentiary quality. To address these issues, this study presents a fully automatic blood alcohol analyzer (Puyu LSAP AI), developed in-house by integrating precision mechanical actuation, pneumatic flow-limited pipetting, and intelligent task scheduling technologies, which automates and reengineers the conventional workflow to establish a fully automated protocol for blood alcohol concentration detection. In accordance with the latest national standard, the system demonstrated excellent linearity over the mass concentration range of 0.10-3.00 mg/mL, with correlation coefficients <i>r</i>≥0.997. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.05 mg/mL and 0.10 mg/mL, respectively. Parallel analyses of 20 whole-blood samples with varying viscosities yielded relative deviations consistently ranging from 1% to 5%, while relative standard deviations from repeatability tests were below 2.5% (<i>n</i>=6). No carryover contamination was observed during alternating injections of high-concentration samples (5 mg/mL) and blank specimens, and continuous high-throughput operation for 24 h was completed without mechanical or communication malfunctions. This analyzer has been deployed for routine forensic blood alcohol concentration detection, achieving fully automated, unattended, closed-loop operation throughout the entire analytical workflow. Its core technical components have been domestically developed, while the software and hardware architectures have been comprehensively decoupled to improve modularity and maintainability. The system meets national standards for precision, accuracy, and full-process digital compliance. It significantly improves the case-handling efficiency and evidentiary quality, offering technical support and a practical application paradigm for the intelligent and automated transformation of forensic science instrumentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 3","pages":"232-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Enzyme Digestion LC-MS/MS Detection of Etomidate, Ketamine, Methamphe‑ tamine and Codeine in Hair].","authors":"Mingjin Yang, Meiyun He, Weian DU, Pengfei Mei, Xuelian Cheng, Xin Liu, Yuesen Shi, Hao Jin, Yiling Hu, Meixin He, Ling Chen, Chao Liu","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.350801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.350801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish a liquid chromatography<i>-</i>tandem mass spectrometry (LC<i>-</i>MS/MS)method based on enzymatic digestion for the rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of drugs in hair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The enzymatic digestion parameters for etomidate, ketamine, methamphetamine, and codeine, including dithiothreitol (DTT) concentration, proteinase K concentration, incubation temperature and digestion time were optimized using controlled-variable experiments. After digestion, hair samples were filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane and separated on a C18 column with a gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and analyzed using electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. After validation, the method was applied to 155 drug-related hair samples and compared with the cryogenic wet-grinding method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Etomidate, ketamine, methamphetamine, and codeine in hair samples all showed good linearity with their respective linear ranges (<i>R</i>²>0.998 0), with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.005<i>-</i>0.010 ng/mg and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.02<i>-</i>0.04 ng/mg. Matrix effects ranged from <i>-</i>12.09% to 8.23%, while the relative standard deviations of intra-day precision and inter-day precision were 2.56%<i>-</i>10.37% and 5.50%<i>-</i>15.11%, respectively. Average recoveries (88.97%<i>-</i>104.05%) met analytical requirements. Results from drug-related hair samples suggested good consistency between enzymatic digestion and cryogenic grinding pretreatment method, while enzymatic digestion demonstrated higher extraction amounts for codeine than cryogenic grinding pretreatment method.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The established method is simple to operate, highly sensitive, and reproducible, making it suitable for high-throughput hair drug analysis, providing an efficient and reliable analytical method for forensic identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 3","pages":"261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current Status Analysis and Pathway Exploration of the Technology Transfer in Forensic Medicine].","authors":"Xiaodan He","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460320","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The technology transfer is a vital task for the development of China's scientific and technological innovation system. As a discipline that integrates technological and legal characteristics, forensic medicine has distinct particularities in terms of attribute orientation, achievement forms and application scenarios, making it infeasible to directly adopt the market-oriented transformation models applied in general industrial fields. Based on the disciplinary characteristics, this paper systematically analyzes the characteristics, major problems and structural causes affecting the transfer of scientific and technological achievements in this field. The research reveals that the transfer and application of forensic medicine achievements mainly serve forensic science practice, presenting an overall pattern dominated by public welfare and technology output. Current transfer practices are plagued by insufficient supply of high-value achievements, poor connection between laboratories and the market, and broken industrial chains. The underlying causes lie in the structural mismatch between the forensic public welfare orientation and market operation logic, the inadequate transfer capacity of public institutions, private sectors and corporate groups to meet the requirements for transfer, and the talent training system remains insufficient to cultivate interdisciplinary professionals for integrated achievement transfer. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes adhering to demand-oriented principles. Strengthening the dominant role of enterprises in innovation, promoting collaboration among public institutions, private sectors and corporate groups to jointly build proof of concept centers and pilot plant platforms, establish a full-chain transfer system, and explore collaborative and integrated transfer pathways, so as to better serve the needs of forensic science practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 3","pages":"196-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Heat Stroke Caused by Folk Remedy of \"Tiaochoufan\"： A Case Report].","authors":"Xinyang Liu, Yazhen Chen, Yumeng Sun, Ze Wu, Jiayi Xu, Rubo Li, Xu Wu, Libala Hu, Pengfei Wang, Minghui Zhao, Rui Zhao","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 3","pages":"285-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Fatal Adhesive Tape Wrapping Around the Mouth and Nose： Two Case Reports].","authors":"Xiangtao Ma, Yi Wu, Wendong Mao, Congda Shen, Zewei Yao, Lijie Ye, Rui Zhu, Yiwu Zhou","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440119","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 3","pages":"288-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Common Problems and Recommendations for Manuscripts Submitted to <i>Fayixue Zazhi</i>].","authors":"Xiaotian Yu","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, <i>Fayixue Zazhi</i> has been successively indexed in a number of authoritative databases both domestically and internationally. Along with the sustained growth in submission volume, the journal has continuously raised its requirements for the scientificity, standardization and rigor of submitted manuscripts. During the processing of the manuscripts, the editorial office has identified a number of common issues in both manuscript formatting and content. This paper summarizes common problems at various stages from pre-submission preparation to manuscript writing and reference formatting and illustrates these issues with representative examples. From an editorial perspective, the causes of these problems are analyzed and targeted recommendations are proposed to help authors improve their manuscript writing quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 3","pages":"273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Construction of a Multimodal Forensic Pathology Database and Implementation of Model-Augmented Retrieval].","authors":"Haojie Qin, Enhao Fu, Yongchao Yang, Yawen Liu, Mingzhu Jia, Zhiling Tian, Zhe Zheng, Siyun Guo, Ningguo Liu","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.451106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.451106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To construct a multimodal forensic pathology database based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology and explore methods for integrating pre-trained models into multimodal databases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hybrid storage architecture consisting of MySQL, Redis and OSS was employed to manage desensitized multimodal data. Data entry was optimized using optical character recognition (OCR) and natural language processing (NLP) technologies. OCR performance was evaluated and optimized using cosine distance, character error rate (CER), and word error rate (WER) to meet practical operational requirements. An intelligent retrieval model was developed using the ChatGLM3-6B model and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) technology. Model performance was evaluated using ranking metrics including Precision@<i>K</i>, Recall@<i>K</i>, discounted cumulative gain (DCG), and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The database demonstrated satisfactory baseline performance. The response times were maintained within 150 ms for single-query condition and within 2 s for multiple-query conditions. The average disk read throughput reached 950 MB/s. In concurrent performance tests, the database achieved a maximum throughput of 1 200 queries per second (QPS), meeting multimodal data management demands. OCR evaluation showed high recognition accuracy; for high-quality documents, the cosine distance, CER, and WER achieved 0.02, 1.5%, and 3.2%, respectively. Intelligent retrieval results indicated that Precision@<i>K</i> remained consistently high (0.69-1.00), while NDCG values remained above 0.87 for all evaluations. When <i>K</i>=100, the NDCG surpassed 0.95 for all queries, meeting expected performance requirements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The multimodal forensic pathology database constructed in this study demonstrates good stability and operational efficiency and can meet the requirements of routine forensic practice for multimodal data storage, management, and analysis. The intelligent retrieval capabilities, based on pre-trained large language models (LLMs), can be applied to conversational information retrieval from forensic reports and related documents, providing a novel approach to the management and analysis of multimodal databases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 2","pages":"102-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of RNA Sequencing Normalization on Forensic Age Estimation].","authors":"Jinyuan Zhao, Yujia Xuan, Anqi Chen, Yanfang Lu, Mengxiao Liao, Sitong Liu, Yu Xing, Yali Wang, Liqin Chen, Chengtao Li","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.550701","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.550701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the applicability of four commonly used RNA sequencing normalization methods in forensic age estimation, and to provide a reference for optimizing the accuracy and precision of age estimation models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood samples were collected from 147 unrelated Chinese Han individuals. After RNA sequencing, gene expression levels were normalized using four methods: counts per million (CPM), fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (FPKM), transcripts per million (TPM), and trimmed mean of M-values (TMM). Spearman correlation analysis was used to screen age-related mRNAs. Three age estimation models were constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), respectively, to compare the performance of the four normalization methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The four normalization methods screened different numbers of potential age-related markers. The TMM method screened the largest number of 2 912 markers. The number of potential markers screened was 2 897 and 1 481 for CPM and FPKM, respectively. The TPM method screened the fewest markers with the number of 338. Age estimation models constructed based on these markers exhibited mean absolute errors (MAE) ranging from 4.38 to 8.62 years in the training set and from 5.85 to 9.29 years in the test set. The TMM method performed the best among the three models, especially in the XGBoost model; it achieved an MAE of 4.38 years in the training set and 5.85 years in the test set for the XGBoost model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Different normalization methods have a large impact on the construction of forensic age estimation models. The TMM normalization method can effectively improve prediction accuracy and is recommended as the preferred method for forensic age estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 2","pages":"112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Construction and Practice of the \"Leading Goose Navigation and Four-Dimensional Synergy\" Model for Cultivating Top Innovative Talents in Forensic Medicine].","authors":"Qingxia Liu, Di Wen, Shujin Li, Chunling Ma, Bin Cong","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.451203","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.451203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address problems such as fragmented research training, a disconnect between theory and practice, weak value guidance, and a limited international perspective in the traditional training of high-level forensic medicine professionals, the forensic medicine program at Hebei Medical University constructed a new graduate training model titled \"Leading Goose Navigation and Four-Dimensional Synergy\". This model leverages the \"Leading Goose\" effect of high-level academic leaders, such as academicians, to establish strategic focus and a spiritual highland. It reshapes the educational ecosystem by taking research-based education to integrate the innovation chain, practical training to forge professional competence, ideological education to shape professional conviction, and international education to broaden international horizons as specific paths for \"Four-Dimensional Synergy\". Using case study and comparative analysis methods, postgraduate cohorts from 2020 to 2023 (<i>N</i>=109) were selected as the post-reform samples and retrospectively compared with data from cohorts between 2015 and 2019. Empirical results showed a 98.6% increase in per capita SCI paper publications and a 16.58% increase in the professional match rate of employment, along with significantly enhanced professional commitment and international perspective. Furthermore, this model demonstrates potential for extension to undergraduate education and evolution through \"Forensic Medicine + AI\" interdisciplinary integration, providing a valuable reference for cultivating top innovative talents in applied disciplines in the new era.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"42 2","pages":"159-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}