法医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of STR Mutations on Kinship Identification.","authors":"Jing Liu, Zheng Wang, Yi-Ping Hou, Lin-Chuan Liao","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.541008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.541008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kinship identification is an important field of forensic genetics research, which can be widely applied in inheritance disputes, criminal investigations, and the identification of victims in major disaster cases. At present, capillary electrophoresis-based STR analysis is still the main method for kinship identification, but the impact of STR mutations on kinship identification needs further exploration. This paper reviews the theoretical basis and research status at home and abroad of kinship identification. The challenge of STR mutation impact on kinship identification is prospected, and possible solutions are discussed in order to obtain a regular understanding of the impact of STR mutation on kinship identification and improve the accuracy of kinship analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"484-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"赫 严, 向 阳 冯, 贝 贝 万, 飞 骏 黄, 乐 张","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"512-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"凯 丽 于, 颖 颖 谢, 京 平 刘, 亦 斌 程","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"518-520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of an Acute Karoshi Rat Model and Its Metabolic, Functional and Morphological Changes.","authors":"Xia Liu, Jia-Min Li, Yong-Xia Zheng, Xu-Dong Xiao, Xiao-Jun Yu","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.421007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.421007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the occurrence and mechanism of acute Karoshi and explore its forensic identification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SD rats were divided into the control group (<i>n</i>=15) and experimental groups (<i>n</i>=45, acute Karoshi group and overwork survival group). A severe fatigue model was established by combining forced swimming under load to exhaustion and sleep deprivation. Their daily activities, diets, weight, respiratory functions, electrocardiogram and echocardiography were recorded. After the rats were sacrificed, samples were collected at autopsies. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology, and GC-MS was used to detect the changes of substance metabolism in serum, myocardium and liver.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mortality rate of the experimental group was 33.3%. There were decreases of aminobutyric acid and arachidonic acid in myocardium tissues, decreases of urea and increases of methionine and phenylalanine in serum. In liver tissues, the content of amino acids sush as histidine increased. The blood biochemical testing showed increases of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzymes and decreases of glucose and uric acid. There were interferences of energy metabolism pathways in serum, heart, and liver tissues. After three days, the experimental group developed cardiac conduction block and ventricular arrhythmia. Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter appeared in acute Karoshi group. Echocardiogram showed ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis shortening rate decreased. The histological examination showed granular swelling and sarcoplasmic condensation in myocardium and increased dark neurons in the brain stem. The combination of differential metabolites of serum urea, methionine and phenylalanine was highly correlated with Karoshi with a diagnostic rate of 90.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute Karoshi can trigger a cascade reaction of metabolic, functional and morphological changes. The mechanism of death, especially central failure and sudden cardiac death, may be associated with multi-organ failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"439-446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Recognition and Segmentation of Blunt Craniocerebral Injury CT Images Based on DeepLabV3+ Model.","authors":"Hao-Jie Qin, Yuan-Yuan Liu, En-Hao Fu, Ya-Wen Liu, Zhi-Ling Tian, He-Wen Dong, Tai-Ang Liu, Dong-Hua Zou, Yi-Bin Cheng, Ning-Guo Liu","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To achieve intelligent recognition and segmentation of common craniocerebral injuries (hereinafter referred to as \"segmentation\") by training convolutional neural network DeepLabV3+ model based on CT images of blunt craniocerebral injury (BCI), and to explore the value of deep learning in automated diagnosis of BCI in forensic medicine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 5 486 CT images of BCI from living persons were collected as the training set, validation set and test set for model training and performance evaluation. Another 255 CT images of BCI and 156 normal craniocerebral CT images from living persons were collected as the blind test set to evaluate the ability of the model to segment the five types of craniocerebral injuries including scalp hematoma, skull fracture, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and brain contusion. Another 340 BCI and 120 normal craniocerebral CT images from cadavers were collected as the new blind test set to explore the application value of the model trained by living CT images in the segmentation of BCI in cadavers. The five types CT images of all BCI except the blind test set were manually labeled; then, each dataset was inputted into the model to train the model. The performance of the model was evaluated and optimized based on the loss function and accuracy curves of the training set and validation set, and the generalization ability was evaluated based on the Dice value of the test set. According to the accuracy, precision and <i>F</i>1 value of the blind test set, the segmentation performance of the model for five types of BCI was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After training and optimizing the model, the average Dice values of the final optimal model to scalp hematoma, skull fracture, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and brain contusion segmentation were 0.766 4, 0.812 3, 0.938 7, 0.782 7 and 0.858 1, respectively, all greater than 0.75, meeting the expected requirements. External validation showed that the <i>F</i>1 values were 93.02%, 89.80%, 87.80%, 92.93% and 86.57% in living CT images, respectively; 83.92%, 44.90%, 76.47%, 64.29% and 48.89% in cadaveric CT images, respectively. The above suggested that the model was able to accurately segment various types of craniocerebral injury on living CT images, while its segmentation ability was relatively poor on cadaveric CT images, but still able to accurately segment scalp hematoma, epidural hematoma and subdural hematoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deep learning model trained on CT images can be used for BCI segmentation. However, the direct use of living persons' BCI models for the identification of cadaveric BCI has some limitations. This study provides a new approach for intelligent segmentation of virtual anatomical data for BCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"419-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"涛 汤","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.140502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.140502","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"521-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Antemortem and Postmortem Injuries in Nude Mice Based on Microbial Communities.","authors":"Xin Zheng, Yue Qiu, Zhi-Gang Li, Qing-Qing Xiang, Guan-San Wang, He Shi, Qu-Yi Xu, Peng Sui, Yan-Bing Ma, Chao Liu, Li-Fang Chen, Jian Zhao","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish antemortem and postmortem injury models in nude mice, observe the morphological changes of the wounds and the changes of the microbial communities in the wounds at different time points after the injury, and analyze the differences between antemortem and postmortem wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Abdominal injury models were established in 48 BALB/c nude mice, which were classified into antemortem injury, 4 h and 72 h postmortem injury groups, and the gross manifestations and histopathological changes were observed on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11 and 15 after injury. The microbial communities in the wounds were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. QIIME 2 software was used to calculate Shannon and Observed species indices. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine statistical differences in <i>α</i>-diversity between groups. Jaccard similarity coefficients were calculated by using R v4.3.0 software and applied to the principal co-ordinates analysis to demonstrate inter-sample differences. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to analyze the differences between groups in the composition of bacterial colonies, and <i>R</i>² values were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On days 8, 11 and 15 after injury, the antemortem and postmortem injuries could not be differentiated by morphological examination; the Shannon index and Observed species index were statistically different between the antemortem injury group and the 72 h postmortem injury group; the Jaccard similarity coefficient of the microbial community was statistically different between the antemortem injury group and the 72 h postmortem injury group. The PERMANOVA <i>R</i>² value gradually increased with the extension of time (0.22-0.61).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Through the analysis of the wound microbial community, the microbial composition of wounds at different time points can be identified and compared, which provides a new perspective and method for the differentiation of antemortem injuries from postmortem injuries, with good application prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"430-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and Application Prospects of Forensic Molecular Imaging Technology in Living Individual Examination.","authors":"Zhi Yan, Xun-Ming Ji, Xiao He, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Lei Wan, Hong Zhang, Mei Tian, Bin Cong","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To propose the definition of forensic molecular imaging (FMI) and to utilize molecular imaging techniques to seek effective solutions to important issues in the field of forensic medicine, such as forensic psychiatry, drug-related damages, internet gaming addiction, and stress-induced injuries. FMI is an emerging interdisciplinary field. It is in its infancy in China and faces certain problems and challenges, such as a shortage of skilled professionals and a lack of standardization. Therefore, it is crucial for China to enhance the cultivation of talents, fundamental research, and practical applications in FMI. FMI will play its supporting role in public security, public health, judicial trials, civil mediation and other aspects, to safeguard judicial justice and social stability, and promote the construction of a peaceful and rule-of-law society in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"476-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"瑞 珏 刘, 捷 敏 陈","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"515-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Visual Acuity after Recovery from Different Degrees of Ocular Trauma Using Pattern Visual Evoked Potential.","authors":"Hong-Xia Hao, Jie-Min Chen, Xiao-Ying Yu, Meng Wang, Zhi-Lu Zhou, Yan-Liang Sheng, Wen-Tao Xia","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide a reference for visual assessment in complex ocular trauma by studying the characteristics of visual evoked potential (VEP) in patients with different degrees of ocular trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the severity of ocular trauma, 231 patients with monocular visual impairment were selected and divided into groups A (no open surgery, relatively mild injury), B (open surgery, which may have a certain impact on the visual acuity after recovery) and C (multiple open surgeries, multiple intraocular surgeries or further treatment after surgery, and serious impact on the visual acuity after recovery). At the same time, according to the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after recovery, they were divided into four grades: Ⅰ, visual<4.0; Ⅱ, 4.0≤visual acuity<4.5; Ⅲ, 4.5≤visual acuity<4.7; Ⅳ, visual acuity≥4.7. The pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) of these patients with stable visual acuity was collected, and the amplitude and peak time of P100 wave stimulated at 1° and 15' spatial frequency were recorded. The correlations between the characteristics of VEP and the degree of ocular trauma in different groups were evaluated, and the data of abnormal peak time and amplitude in each group were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The P100 amplitude of injured eyes measured at 1° and 15' spatial frequency in group C was significantly different from those in groups A and B (<i>P</i><0.05). The number of abnormal P100 amplitudes measured in group C under 15' spatial frequency stimulation was statistically significant compared to groups A and B (<i>P</i><0.05). The P100 amplitudes of the injured and healthy eyes in grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed significant statistical differences (<i>P</i><0.05). There was a correlation (<i>P</i><0.05) between the grouping of injured eyes and the visual acuity grading after recovery (<i>r</i>=-0.488).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PVEP can be used to distinguish between groups A and C, groups B and C with different degrees of eye trauma, but it cannot distinguish between group A and B at the 1° and 15' spatial frequency stimulation. The abnormality of the P100 amplitudes after eye trauma can provide a certain basis for the visual evaluation of patients with different degrees of ocular trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"447-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}