法医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Common Anticoagulants on the Visual Characteristics of Bloodstains.","authors":"Zun-Lei Qian, Meng-Qi Wu, Yu Shi","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.431003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.431003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effects of three common anticoagulants, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-K₂ (EDTA-K₂), sodium citrate and heparin sodium, on the visual characteristics of bloodstains such as patterns and colors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Freshly collected blood samples were treated with EDTA-K₂, sodium citrate and heparin sodium respectively, and bloodstain samples were prepared on two objects, acrylic plate and ceramic tile. Bloodstains without anticoagulant treatment were used as the control sample. The drying time, wetting ratio, the number of cracks, the number of fragments, the central impression area ratio and the mean gray value of bloodstains were observed and recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anticoagulants delayed the drying process of bloodstains. At 3.5 h, the wetting ratios of EDTA-K₂-, sodium citrate- and heparin sodium-anticoagulated bloodstains on the acrylic plate were 54.80%, 56.68% and 60.60%, respectively, which were higher than that of bloodstains without anticoagulant treatment (25.70%). Anticoagulants increased the number of cracks, the number of fragments and the central impression area ratio. The changes of these three visual characteristics were most obvious in the sodium citrate-anticoagulated bloodstains, with the crack number of 0.93/mm, the fragment number of 46, and the central impression area ratio of 48.41% after drying. Anticoagulants reduced the mean gray value of bloodstains. Among them, the sodium citrate-anticoagulated bloodstains exhibited the longest time to peak in mean gray value, reading 3.5 h. Similar changes in visual characteristics were observed on the ceramic tile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The three commonly used anticoagulants change the visual characteristics of bloodstains. It is not recommended to use anticoagulated blood as a substitute for preparing experimental samples in bloodstain pattern analysis experiments. Based on the changes in the visual characteristics during the drying process of bloodstains, the time of bloodstain deposition can be roughly estimated, and the blood scene staged with anticoagulated blood can be identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided by National Strategic Needs, Striving to Build a First-Class Forensic Medicine Discipline - The Construction Plan for Forensic Medicine at Southern Medical University.","authors":"Dong-Fang Qiao, Ping-Ming Qiu, Qi Wang, Yun-Chun Tai, Dong-Ri Li, Jing-Tao Xu, Qi-Zhi Luo, En-Ping Huang, Bo-Feng Zhu","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2024 National Education Work Conference pointed out that at the current juncture of the critical period for achieving the goals and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the implementation of the Education Powerhouse Construction Plan Outline should be taken as the main line of work, and building first-class disciplines is an crucial task for a higher education powerhouse. In 2022, forensic medicine was officially listed as a first-level discipline under the medical category, presenting an unprecedented historical opportunity for the development of forensic medicine. The forensic medicine discipline of Southern Medical University comprehensively improves the quality of talent cultivation and facilitates the construction of first-class disciplines as its main direction. It aims to initiate and implement a high-level faculty team building plan featuring \"combining recruitment and cultivation, inter-disciplinary integration\"; make vigorous efforts to establish a first-level doctoral program, refine advantageous second-level disciplines and research directions; and establish an innovative research platform from a high starting point with deep integration. The discipline adheres to moral cultivation and the Five Domains of Education simultaneous development, to build a high-quality talent joint training model. Guided by the construction of the national legal system and industry needs, the discipline will enhance social service capabilities. The forensic medicine construction in our university will continue to contribute to the rule of law in China and educational power.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uphold Fundamental Principles and Break New Ground and Work Persistently to Build a First-Class Forensic Medicine Discipline.","authors":"Shu-Jin Li, Chun-Ling Ma, Bin Cong","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The construction of first-class universities and disciplines is a major strategic initiative of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, and an important task for building a world-class higher education powerhouse. Forensic medicine was officially listed as a first-level discipline under the medical category in 2022, presenting unprecedented historical opportunities for the development of forensic medicine. Facing this significant strategic opportunity, this paper sorts out the disciplinary system of forensic medicine, carries out forward-looking planning for the development of the discipline, and looks forward to the development vision of the discipline: (1) Establish an organically connected three-stage forensic medicine talent training system to cultivate applied and innovative talents that meet the needs of China's socialist modernization construction; (2) Establish a unified standardized forensic practice qualification examination system, organically connect talent training with professional qualification examination, and optimize the professional development path of forensic medicine; (3) Widely intersect, integrate and transform forensic medicine with other multiple disciplines, expand and enrich the second- and third-level disciplinary systems of forensic medicine, and build a world-class forensic medicine discipline with Chinese characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation and Exploration of the \"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format\" Discipline Construction Model for Forensic Medicine in the New Era.","authors":"Zhi-Wen Wei, Hong-Xing Wang, Jun-Hong Sun, Hao-Liang Fan, Hong-Liang Su, Le-le Wang, Wen-Ting He, Zhe Chen, Jie Zhang, Xiang-Jie Guo, Ji Li, Geng-Qian Zhang, Xin-Hua Liang, Jiang-Wei Yan, Qiang-Qiang Zhang, Cai-Rong Gao, Ying-Yuan Wang, Hong-Wei Wang, Jun Xie, Bo-Feng Zhu, Ke-Ming Yun","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440308","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline, presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine. Since the 1980s, the establishment of forensic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China. Since the 13th Five-Year Plan, the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront, proposing the development goals of \"Five First-class\" and the discipline development path \"Six Major Achievements\". It has selected benchmark disciplines, identified gaps in disciplinary development, unified thoughts, formulated completion timelines, concentrated superior resources, assigned tasks to individuals, and created an \"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format\" forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era. The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals, discipline framework, scientific research, talent cultivation, discipline team and platform construction, forming a relatively complete discipline construction and management system, and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoughts and Practices on the Development of Forensic Medicine Discipline in the Perspective of Building a Regional High-Level Medical University.","authors":"Guang Chen, Rong-Shuai Wang, Li Su, Yue Zhang, Xue-Xia Liu, Shi-Yong Fang, Zhan-Zhan Liu, Ya-Jun Xu, Xiang Xu","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.450205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.450205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under the background of forensic medicine becoming a first-level discipline, the opportunities and challenges of discipline development coexist. Starting from the actual situation and characteristics of local medical colleges and universities, this paper discusses the problems and solutions for the development of forensic medicine discipline from the perspective of building a regional high-level medical university. Combined with the experiences of carrying out forensic medicine education in our college, this paper supplies our thoughts and practices on improving the discipline system, enhancing the ability to serve society, perfecting the talent cultivation model and promoting forensic culture, to provide reference and inspiration for the development of forensic medicine in other universities, jointly promote the advancement of forensic medicine in China to a new stage, and contribute the wisdom and strength of forensic medical experts to the construction of a law-based China, a safe China and a healthy China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and High-Quality Development of Forensic Medicine Discipline at Sichuan University.","authors":"Wei-Bo Liang","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.441001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.441001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West China Forensic Medicine at Sichuan University (hereinafter referred to as West China Forensic Medicine) has a long history and profound cultural heritage. It is one of the universities that initiated modern forensic medicine in China and one of the six founding institutions of forensic medicine higher education in China. Under the lifelong efforts of its founders, Mr. WU Jia-wen and Mrs. WU Mei-yun, West China Forensic Medicine has developed over three generations and more than seven decades, forming a distinct characteristic of \"education as the foundation, research as the essence and identification as the practice\". This paper elaborates on the historical evolution and significant development achievements of West China Forensic Medicine in its discipline construction, and in the process of exploring the development achievements of forensic medicine discipline construction. It summarizes experiences and wisdom, providing references and experiences for the future development of the forensic medicine discipline, the continuous improvement of the forensic science level, and the construction of the first-level discipline of forensic medicine in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"30-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"仁 龙, 鹏 张, 星 邹, 安 文 梁, 茹 白, 涛 宋","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"89-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"大 郑, 玉 叶 莫, 宁 王, 秋 辰 黎, 张艺凰露, 双 柏 唐, 二 文 黄","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Development and Implementation of the Environmental Damage Compensation System in Japan.","authors":"Kai He, Jin-Long Yuan, Chang-Mao Qiu, Ze-Jun Liu, Yuan-Feng Qi, Zhen-Hui Gao","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.631201","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.631201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 1950s and 1960s, Japan's implementation of policies prioritizing economic development caused a lack of effective supervision over the discharge of industrial wastewater and exhaust gases, which led to the occurrence of the \"Four Major Pollution Diseases\", including Minamata disease, causing serious social and public health problems. To more effectively address public nuisances and provide compensation to victims, the Japanese government gradually established an environmental damage compensation system with administrative relief characteristics since the 1970s. Through long-term practice and system optimization, this system has evolved into a mature institutional framework with a clear division of labor and efficient collaboration. This paper systematically reviews the development process of Japan's environmental damage compensation system and deeply analyzes its legal framework and supporting policies, aiming to provide useful references for the construction and improvement of China's environmental damage compensation system. Meanwhile, through the case analysis of Minamata disease, the paper explores the specific mechanisms and effects in the compensation practices, further revealing the system's operational characteristics and implications, and providing a reference basis for the construction of China's environmental governance legal system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"晓 军 李, 明 庆 廖","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"91-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}