法医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"","authors":"飞 翔 王, 广 友 朱","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230409","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"367-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application Progress of Objective Audiological Detection Techniques in Forensic Clinical Medicine.","authors":"Fei Fan,&nbsp;Juan Wu,&nbsp;Zhen-Hua Deng","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230406","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The qualitative, quantitative, and localization analysis of hearing loss is one of the important contents of forensic clinical research and identification. Pure-tone audiometry is the \"gold standard\" for hearing loss assessment, but it is affected by the subjective cooperation of the assessed person. Due to the complexity of the auditory pathway and the diversity of hearing loss, the assessment of hearing loss requires the combination of various subjective and objective audiometric techniques, along with comprehensive evaluation based on the case situation, clinical symptoms, and other examinations to ensure the scientificity, accuracy and reliability of forensic hearing impairment assessment. Objective audiometry includes acoustic impedance, otoacoustic emission, and various auditory evoked potentials. The frequency-specific auditory brainstem response (ABR), 40 Hz auditory event related potential, and auditory steady-state response are commonly used for objective hearing threshold assessment. The combined application of acoustic impedance, otoacoustic emission and ABR can be used to locate hearing loss and determine whether it is located in the middle ear, cochlea, or posterior cochlea. This article reviews the application value of objective audiometry techniques in hearing threshold assessment and hearing loss localization, aiming to provide reference for forensic identification of hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"360-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Theories, Disability Models and Principles of Disability Assessment.","authors":"Xu Wang","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230307","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the personal injury compensation system, the protection and relief of the injured people's rights to life, rights to health, and body rights are generally based on the results of disability assessment. Over the years, with the increased number of personal injury compensation cases, the practice of disability assessment have been greatly developed, and the development of disability assessment standards tends to be mature. However, the lack of basic theories for disability assessment has seriously affected the construction and unification of standards. Starting from the tort legal system of personal injury compensation, this article systematically analyzes the legal theories of disability assessment, and holds that the loss of labor ability is the legal basis for disability assessment in China, and the essence of disability assessment should be understood as the quantitative assessment of an individual's permanent loss of labor ability. This article combines the international disability assessment models and the primary concepts of American Medical Association's <i>Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment</i> to refine the basic concepts of disability assessment in China, such as impairment, disability, handicap, disabled people and self-care ability, etc. At the same time, it sorts out the critical issues of identification time, promotion principles and compound calculation of multiple injuries in disability assessment. It is expected to be beneficial to the theory and practice of disability assessment in personal injury compensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"329-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of VR-PVEP in Objective Evaluation of Monocular Refractive Visual Impairment.","authors":"Hong-Xia Hao,&nbsp;Jie-Min Chen,&nbsp;Rong-Rong Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Ying Yu,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Zhi-Lu Zhou,&nbsp;Yan-Liang Sheng,&nbsp;Wen-Tao Xia","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.220610","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.220610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the virtual reality-pattern visual evoked potential (VR-PVEP) P100 waveform characteristics of monocular visual impairment with different impaired degrees under simultaneous binocular perception and monocular stimulations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 55 young volunteers with normal vision (using decimal recording method, far vision ≥0.8 and near vision ≥0.5) were selected to simulate three groups of monocular refractive visual impairment by interpolation method. The sum of near and far vision ≤0.2 was Group A, the severe visual impairment group; the sum of near and far vision <0.8 was Group B, the moderate visual impairment group; and the sum of near and far vision ≥0.8 was Group C, the mild visual impairment group. The volunteers' binocular normal visions were set as the control group. The VR-PVEP P100 peak times measured by simultaneous binocular perception and monocular stimulation were compared at four spatial frequencies 16×16, 24×24, 32×32 and 64×64.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Group A, the differences between P100 peak times of simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception at 24×24, 32×32 and 64×64 spatial frequencies were statistically significant (<i>P</i><0.05); and the P100 peak time of normal vision eyes at 64×64 spatial frequency was significantly different from the simulant visual impairment eyes (<i>P</i><0.05). In Group B, the differences between P100 peak times of simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception at 16×16, 24×24 and 64×64 spatial frequencies were statistically significant (<i>P</i><0.05); and the P100 peak time of normal vision eyes at 64×64 spatial frequency was significantly different from the simulant visual impairment eyes (<i>P</i><0.05). In Group C, there was no significant difference between P100 peak times of simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception at all spatial frequencies (<i>P</i>>0.05). There was no significant difference in the P100 peak times measured at all spatial frequencies between simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception in the control group (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VR-PVEP can be used for visual acuity evaluation of patients with severe and moderate monocular visual impairment, which can reflect the visual impairment degree caused by ametropia. VR-PVEP has application value in the objective evaluation of visual function and forensic clinical identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"382-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective Assessment of Visual Field Defects Caused by Optic Chiasm and Its Posterior Visual Pathway Injury.","authors":"Jian Xiang,&nbsp;Xu Wang,&nbsp;Li-Li Yu,&nbsp;Kang-Jia Jin,&nbsp;Ying-Kai Yang","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230309","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the characteristics and objective assessment method of visual field defects caused by optic chiasm and its posterior visual pathway injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Typical cases of visual field defects caused by injuries to the optic chiasm, optic tracts, optic radiations, and visual cortex were selected. Visual field examinations, visual evoked potential (VEP) and multifocal visual evolved potential (mfVEP) measurements, craniocerebral CT/MRI, and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed, respectively, and the aforementioned visual electrophysiological and neuroimaging indicators were analyzed comprehensively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The electrophysiological manifestations of visual field defects caused by optic chiasm injuries were bitemporal hemianopsia mfVEP abnormalities. The visual field defects caused by optic tract, optic radiation, and visual cortex injuries were all manifested homonymous hemianopsia mfVEP abnormalities contralateral to the lesion. Mild relative afferent pupil disorder (RAPD) and characteristic optic nerve atrophy were observed in hemianopsia patients with optic tract injuries, but not in patients with optic radiation or visual cortex injuries. Neuroimaging could provide morphological evidence of damages to the optic chiasm and its posterior visual pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Visual field defects caused by optic chiasm, optic tract, optic radiation, and visual cortex injuries have their respective characteristics. The combined application of mfVEP and static visual field measurements, in combination with neuroimaging, can maximize the assessment of the location and degree of visual pathway damage, providing an effective scheme for the identification of such injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"350-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Death of brain stem hemorrhage after trauma in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration： A case report].","authors":"泽 伟 姚,&nbsp;自 发 贾,&nbsp;铭 菲 韦,&nbsp;俊 展 史,&nbsp;凡 李","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420409","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420409","url":null,"abstract":"雷某，男，32岁，被人殴打后昏迷，次日入某市第一人民医院就诊。监控视频资料显示，雷某被踢中枕部后立即昏迷，顶部和枕部受到多次打击。病史资料反映：患者1 d前被他人打伤，伤及头部致昏迷，无恶心、呕吐、抽搐以及大小便失禁，具体昏迷时间不详，清醒后自觉头痛、头晕，遂入院就诊。急诊CT提示脑干出血。既往确诊肝豆状核变性8年，治疗效果不明确，除言语不利外无其他症状。诊断：脑干出血，肝豆状核变性。入院后3 d进行凝血功能检查：凝血酶原时间16.40 s↑（参考值11.00~13.00 s），凝血酶时间18.70 s↑（参考值16.00~18.00 s）；肝功能检查：丙氨酸转氨酶38 U/L（参考值0~40 U/L），天冬氨酸转氨酶69 U/L↑（参考值0~40 U/L），白蛋白28.50 g/L↓（参考值35.00~51.00 g/L）。住院期间予止血、抗感染、降颅压等对症治疗，后出现意识不清、肺部感染无法控制、凝血异常、肠麻痹、低蛋白血症、水电解质紊乱等。入院后47 d行肝功能检查：丙氨酸转氨酶44 U/L↑，天冬氨酸转氨酶57 U/L↑，白蛋白27.00 g/L↓，总胆红素98.40 µmol/L↑（参考值5.13~22.24 μmol/L），纤维蛋白原0.48 g/L↓（参考值2.00~4.00 g/L）。入院后48 d心搏骤停死亡。.","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"419-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Detection of fluoroacetic acid using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry： A case report].","authors":"爱 英 宋,&nbsp;翌 博 赵,&nbsp;利 君 杨","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.311102","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.311102","url":null,"abstract":"某年11月，李甲（男，5岁）和李乙（男，3个月）被母亲张某杀害。经调查，嫌疑人张某患有严重的产后抑郁症，将购买的“溴鼠灵”（玫红色液体，原装于黄色药瓶中）加入瓶装饮料中，骗其子李甲喝下，并用被子捂住其子李乙的口鼻。事后张某服用“溴鼠灵”，出现严重的呕吐症状。3人被家人发现后送医院抢救，李甲和李乙送到医院时均已死亡，张某经抢救后病情稳定。.","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"428-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabonomics Analysis of Brain Stem Tissue in Rats with Primary Brain Stem Injury Caused Death.","authors":"Qin Su,&nbsp;Qian-Ling Chen,&nbsp;Wei-Bin Wu,&nbsp;Qing-Qing Xiang,&nbsp;Cheng-Liang Yang,&nbsp;Dong-Fang Qiao,&nbsp;Zhi-Gang Li","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420510","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of primary brain stem injury (PBSI) by using metabonomics method to observe the changes of metabolites in rats with PBSI caused death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PBSI, non-brain stem brain injury and decapitation rat models were established, and metabolic maps of brain stem were obtained by LC-MS metabonomics method and annotated to the HMDB database. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest methods were used to screen potential biomarkers associated with PBSI diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-six potential metabolic markers associated with PBSI were screened by PLS-DA. They were modeled and predicted by random forest algorithm with an accuracy rate of 83.3%. The 818 metabolic markers annotated to HMDB database were used for random forest modeling and prediction, and the accuracy rate was 88.9%. According to the importance in the identification of cause of death, the most important metabolic markers that were significantly up-regulated in PBSI group were HMDB0038126 (genipinic acid, GA), HMDB0013272 (<i>N</i>-lauroylglycine), HMDB0005199 [(<i>R</i>)-salsolinol] and HMDB0013645 (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylsphingosine).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GA, <i>N</i>-lauroylglycine, (<i>R</i>)-salsolinol and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylsphingosine are expected to be important metabolite indicators in the diagnosis of PBSI caused death, thus providing clues for forensic medicine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"373-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Microhaplotypes in Sibling Kinship Testing.","authors":"Xuan Tang,&nbsp;Dan Wen,&nbsp;Chu-Dong Wang,&nbsp;Ru-Yi Xu,&nbsp;Hong-Tao Jia,&nbsp;Jie-Nan Li,&nbsp;Bai-Yi-la Zhalaga","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of different numbers of microhaplotype (MH) loci and the introduction of different reference samples on the identification of full sibling, half sibling and differentiation between full sibling and half sibling kinships, and to explore the effect of changing mutation rate on sibling testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, a family map involving three generations was established, and four full sibling identification models, five half sibling identification models and five models distinguishing full and half siblings were constructed for different reference samples introduced. Based on the results of the previous study, two sets of nonbinary SNP-MH containing 34 and 54 loci were selected. Based on the above MH loci, 100 000 pairs of full sibling <i>vs</i>. unrelated individuals, 100 000 pairs of half sibling <i>vs</i>. unrelated individuals and 100 000 pairs of full sibling <i>vs</i>. half sibling were simulated based on the corresponding sibling kinship testing models, and the efficacy of each sibling kinship testing model was analyzed by the likelihood ratio algorithm under different thresholds. The mutant rate of 54 MH loci was changed to analyze the effect of mutation rate on sibling identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the same relationship testing model, the systematic efficacy of sibling testing was positively correlated with the number of MH loci detected. With the same number of MH loci, the efficacy of full sibling testing was better than that of uncle or grandfather when the reference sample introduced was a full sibling of A, but there was no significant difference in the identification efficacy of the four reference samples introduced for full sibling and half sibling differentiation testing. In addition, the mutation rate had a slight effect on the efficacy of sibling kinship testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increasing the number of MH loci and introducing reference samples of known relatives can increase the efficacy of full sibling testing, half sibling testing, and differentiation between full and half sibling kinships. The level of mutation rate in sibling testing by likelihood ratio method has a slight but insignificant effect on the efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 3","pages":"288-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9908662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Familial Y-STR Haplotype Mismatch Tolerance in Genealogy Inference.","authors":"Meng-Jie Tong,&nbsp;Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Cai-Xia Li,&nbsp;Guang-Feng Zhang,&nbsp;Wen-Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Lan Yang,&nbsp;Qing-Tang Hou,&nbsp;Jing Liu","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.520602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.520602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide a guideline for genealogy inference and family lineage investigation through a study of the mismatch tolerance distribution of Y-STR loci in Chinese Han male lineage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three Han lineages with clear genetic relationships were selected. YFiler Platinum PCR amplification Kit was used to obtain the typing data of 35 Y-STR loci in male samples. The variation of Y-STR haplotypes in generation inheritance and the mismatch tolerance at 1-7 kinship levels were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mutations in Y-STR were family-specific with different mutation loci and numbers of mutation in different lineages. Among all the mutations, 66.03% were observed on rapidly and fast mutating loci. At 1-7 kinship levels, the number of mismatch tolerance ranged from 0 to 5 on all 35 Y-STR loci, with a maximum step size of 6. On medium and slow mutant loci, the number of mismatch tolerance ranged from 0 to 2, with a maximum step size of 3; on rapidly and fast mutant loci, the number of mismatch tolerance ranged from 0 to 3, with a maximum step size of 6.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combined use of SNP genealogy inference and Y-STR lineage investigation, both 0 and multiple mismatch tolerance need to be considered. Family lineage with 0-3 mismatch tolerance on all 35 Y-STR loci and 0-1 mismatch tolerance on medium and slow loci can be prioritized for screening. When the number of mismatch tolerance is eligible, family lineages with long steps should be carefully excluded. Meanwhile, adding fast mutant loci should also be handled with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 3","pages":"296-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9908668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}