法医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Antemortem and Postmortem Injuries in Nude Mice Based on Microbial Communities.","authors":"Xin Zheng, Yue Qiu, Zhi-Gang Li, Qing-Qing Xiang, Guan-San Wang, He Shi, Qu-Yi Xu, Peng Sui, Yan-Bing Ma, Chao Liu, Li-Fang Chen, Jian Zhao","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430806","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish antemortem and postmortem injury models in nude mice, observe the morphological changes of the wounds and the changes of the microbial communities in the wounds at different time points after the injury, and analyze the differences between antemortem and postmortem wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Abdominal injury models were established in 48 BALB/c nude mice, which were classified into antemortem injury, 4 h and 72 h postmortem injury groups, and the gross manifestations and histopathological changes were observed on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11 and 15 after injury. The microbial communities in the wounds were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. QIIME 2 software was used to calculate Shannon and Observed species indices. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine statistical differences in <i>α</i>-diversity between groups. Jaccard similarity coefficients were calculated by using R v4.3.0 software and applied to the principal co-ordinates analysis to demonstrate inter-sample differences. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to analyze the differences between groups in the composition of bacterial colonies, and <i>R</i>² values were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On days 8, 11 and 15 after injury, the antemortem and postmortem injuries could not be differentiated by morphological examination; the Shannon index and Observed species index were statistically different between the antemortem injury group and the 72 h postmortem injury group; the Jaccard similarity coefficient of the microbial community was statistically different between the antemortem injury group and the 72 h postmortem injury group. The PERMANOVA <i>R</i>² value gradually increased with the extension of time (0.22-0.61).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Through the analysis of the wound microbial community, the microbial composition of wounds at different time points can be identified and compared, which provides a new perspective and method for the differentiation of antemortem injuries from postmortem injuries, with good application prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"430-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Visual Acuity after Recovery from Different Degrees of Ocular Trauma Using Pattern Visual Evoked Potential.","authors":"Hong-Xia Hao, Jie-Min Chen, Xiao-Ying Yu, Meng Wang, Zhi-Lu Zhou, Yan-Liang Sheng, Wen-Tao Xia","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230407","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide a reference for visual assessment in complex ocular trauma by studying the characteristics of visual evoked potential (VEP) in patients with different degrees of ocular trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the severity of ocular trauma, 231 patients with monocular visual impairment were selected and divided into groups A (no open surgery, relatively mild injury), B (open surgery, which may have a certain impact on the visual acuity after recovery) and C (multiple open surgeries, multiple intraocular surgeries or further treatment after surgery, and serious impact on the visual acuity after recovery). At the same time, according to the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after recovery, they were divided into four grades: Ⅰ, visual<4.0; Ⅱ, 4.0≤visual acuity<4.5; Ⅲ, 4.5≤visual acuity<4.7; Ⅳ, visual acuity≥4.7. The pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) of these patients with stable visual acuity was collected, and the amplitude and peak time of P100 wave stimulated at 1° and 15' spatial frequency were recorded. The correlations between the characteristics of VEP and the degree of ocular trauma in different groups were evaluated, and the data of abnormal peak time and amplitude in each group were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The P100 amplitude of injured eyes measured at 1° and 15' spatial frequency in group C was significantly different from those in groups A and B (<i>P</i><0.05). The number of abnormal P100 amplitudes measured in group C under 15' spatial frequency stimulation was statistically significant compared to groups A and B (<i>P</i><0.05). The P100 amplitudes of the injured and healthy eyes in grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed significant statistical differences (<i>P</i><0.05). There was a correlation (<i>P</i><0.05) between the grouping of injured eyes and the visual acuity grading after recovery (<i>r</i>=-0.488).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PVEP can be used to distinguish between groups A and C, groups B and C with different degrees of eye trauma, but it cannot distinguish between group A and B at the 1° and 15' spatial frequency stimulation. The abnormality of the P100 amplitudes after eye trauma can provide a certain basis for the visual evaluation of patients with different degrees of ocular trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"447-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"瑞 珏 刘, 捷 敏 陈","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240908","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.240908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"515-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"冰 谢, 路 迪 张, 峰 于, 淑 瑾 李, 志 宇 倪, 斌 丛, 春 玲 马, 迪 文","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.331002","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.331002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"500-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test and Evaluation of the Made-in-China Quick TargSeq Fully Integrated Automated On-site Rapid DNA Detection Instrument.","authors":"Jun-Ping Han, Ying-Xi Wang, Chao Liu, Feng Liu, Jin-Rong Guo, Wei Zhu, Guang-Feng Tang, Cai-Xia Li, Xin Wang, Zhang-Ping Jiao","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530601","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To verify the stability and accuracy of the made-in-China Quick TargSeq Fully Integrated Automated On-site Rapid DNA Detection Instrument (hereinafter referred to as Quick TargSeq DNA detection instrument) and evaluate its forensic application prospects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 74 blind samples provided by the expert group of Criminal Investigation Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security (4 individuals, 20 samples) and five participating institutions (54 samples) were used to test on 5 Quick TargSeq DNA detection instruments and the accompanying microfluidic chip cartridges. The results were compared with the known genotypes to calculate the samples' detection rate and genotyping accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of reproducibility obtained from 20 samples provided by the expert group on the 5 Quick TargSeq DNA detection instruments were all consistent with the known genotypes. The detection rate of the 74 samples was 100%, and the genotyping accuracy was 97.33%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Quick TargSeq DNA detection instrument has good stability and high genotyping accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"461-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Etomidate and Etomidate Acid in Urine Using HPLC-MS/MS Method.","authors":"Tian-Fu He, Huan-Hui Zhu, Yuan-Yuan Tian, Yin-Shuang Jin, Xian-Wen Lin, Song-Cai Wang","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.330702","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.330702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the detection of etomidate and etomidate acid in urine samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Protein in the urine samples was precipitated by adding acetonitrile, and the supernatant was obtained after centrifugation and filtered. The supernatant was separated on a C₁₈ column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid solution and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The detection was performed in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity and limit of detection (LOD), and applied to a case of etomidate poisoning death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LOD of etomidate and etomidate acid were 0.2 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.5 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. Good linear relationship was observed within the linear range (<i>r</i>>0.995 0). At three concentration levels (0.5, 5, 50 ng/mL for etomidate and 1, 10, 100 ng/mL for etomidate acid), the matrix effect was within the range of 5.42% to 18.47%, the extraction recovery rate was greater than 84.25% and the stability was greater than 88.23%. The accuracy, precision and dilution reliability all met the experimental requirements. Etomidate and etomidate acid were successfully detected with the concentrations of 8.82 and 27.88 μg/mL in the urine of a deceased individual who had consumed excessive etomidate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The method has simple pretreatment, high sensitivity and wide linear range, which can be applied to the detection of etomidate and etomidate acid in urine samples in forensic science.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"454-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"国 铭 宋, 积 峰 陈, 利 盛","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430306","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.430306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"506-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status and Prospects of Bloodstain Age Estimation Technology.","authors":"Qi-Rui Han, Wen-Ji Zhang, Hao-Yang Li, Ying-Chao Luo","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.431208","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.431208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bloodstains are important biological evidence at violent crime scenes and contain rich information about the crime. The relatively accurate estimation of bloodstain age is of great significance for estimating the time of the crime, confirming or excluding the association of relevant persons (objects) with the case. In recent years, researchers at home and abroad have conducted extensive studies on the bloodstain age estimation from the aspects of bloodstain image and biochemical characteristics. This paper reviews the methods of bloodstain age estimation in the past two decades, discusses the obstacles of these methods in investigative practice, and provides an outlook on the development of bloodstain age estimation technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"468-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"小 萍 杨, 妍 高, 泽 宇 王, 利 华 范, 文 涛 夏, 东 高, 芳 陈, 霞 刘","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.241004","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.241004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"492-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"会 刘, 飞 龙 张, 利 民 漆, 承 仁 朱, 剑 郑","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440306","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 5","pages":"509-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}