法医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"Toxicokinetics of MDMA and Its Metabolite MDA in Rats.","authors":"Wei-Guang Yu, Qiang He, Zheng-di Wang, Cheng-Jun Tian, Jin-Kai Wang, Qian Zheng, Fei Ren, Chao Zhang, You-Mei Wang, Peng Xu, Zhi-Wen Wei, Ke-Ming Yun","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320201","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the toxicokinetic differences of 3,4-methylenedioxy-<i>N</i>-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolite 4,5-methylene dioxy amphetamine (MDA) in rats after single and continuous administration of MDMA, providing reference data for the forensic identification of MDMA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 24 rats in the single administration group were randomly divided into 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg experimental groups and the control group, with 6 rats in each group. The experimental group was given intraperitoneal injection of MDMA, and the control group was given intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group. The amount of 0.5 mL blood was collected from the medial canthus 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h after administration. In the continuous administration group, 24 rats were randomly divided into the experimental group (18 rats) and the control group (6 rats). The experimental group was given MDMA 7 d by continuous intraperitoneal injection in increments of 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 mg/kg per day, respectively, while the control group was given the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group by intraperitoneal injection. On the eighth day, the experimental rats were randomly divided into 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dose groups, with 6 rats in each group. MDMA was injected intraperitoneally, and the control group was injected intraperitoneally with the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group. On the eighth day, 0.5 mL of blood was taken from the medial canthus 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h after administration. Liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect MDMA and MDA levels, and statistical software was employed for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the single-administration group, peak concentrations of MDMA and MDA were reached at 5 min and 1 h after administration, respectively, with the largest detection time limit of 12 h. In the continuous administration group, peak concentrations were reached at 30 min and 1.5 h after administration, respectively, with the largest detection time limit of 10 h. Nonlinear fitting equations for the concentration ratio of MDMA and MDA in plasma and administration time in the single-administration group and continuous administration group were as follows: <i>T</i>=10.362<i>C</i>^-1.183, <i>R</i>²=0.974 6; <i>T</i>=7.397 3<i>C</i>^-0.694, <i>R</i>²=0.961 5 (<i>T</i>: injection time; <i>C</i>: concentration ratio of MDMA to MDA in plasma).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The toxicokinetic data of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rats, obtained through single and continuous administration, including peak concentration, peak time, detection time limit, and the relationship between concentration ratio and administration time, provide a theoretical and data fou","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Medical damage identification of long-term coma after resection of petroclival meningioma：A case report].","authors":"韦 屹 张,&nbsp;旻 周","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230410","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230410","url":null,"abstract":"刘某，男，54岁，某年6月15日入住甲医院，临床行岩斜区脑膜瘤切除术。术后出现呼吸浅慢、血氧饱和度下降，次日CT示脑室系统扩张，行脑室穿刺外引流术，术后刘某呈持续昏迷状态。同年8月，刘某转入外院继续康复治疗及对症支持处理。患方认为甲医院未充分评估病情、扩大创面切除范围，造成患者术后脑干缺血、植物人状态，应承担相应责任，故诉至法院。.","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"421-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on Machine Learning Assisted Non-Targeted Screening Strategy for Identification of Fentanyl Analogs.","authors":"Yu-Qi Cao,&nbsp;Yan Shi,&nbsp;Ping Xiang,&nbsp;Yin-Long Guo","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320402","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the types and quantities of fentanyl analogs have increased rapidly. It has become a hotspot in the illicit drug control field of how to quickly identify novel fentanyl analogs and to shorten the blank regulatory period. At present, the identification methods of fentanyl analogs that have been developed mostly rely on reference materials to target fentanyl analogs or their metabolites with known chemical structures, but these methods face challenges when analyzing new compounds with unknown structures. In recent years, emerging machine learning technology can quickly and automatically extract valuable features from massive data, which provides inspiration for the non-targeted screening of fentanyl analogs. For example, the wide application of instruments like Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry, and other instruments can maximize the mining of the characteristic data related to fentanyl analogs in samples. Combining this data with an appropriate machine learning model, researchers may create a variety of high-performance non-targeted fentanyl identification methods. This paper reviews the recent research on the application of machine learning assisted non-targeted screening strategy for the identification of fentanyl analogs, and looks forward to the future development trend in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"406-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Determination of Bucinnazine in Blood by UPLC-MS/MS.","authors":"Zhang-Ming Gao,&nbsp;Jing-Yu Shi,&nbsp;Hao Zeng,&nbsp;Xue-Jun Zhang","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320702","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish a rapid method for the analysis of bucinnazine in blood by UPLC-MS/MS and to apply the method to the practical case.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After the internal standard was added to blood, the protein was precipitated with 900 μL mixed solution (<i>V</i>_acetonitrile∶<i>V</i>_water=8∶2). After vortex and centrifugation, the protein was measured through 0.22 μm filter membrane. The separation was performed on C₁₈ chromatography column, with acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid aqueous as mobile phase gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring scan was performed in electrospray positive ion mode, quantitative measurement was performed by internal standard method, and methodological verification was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The linear relationship of bucinnazine in blood was good in the range of 0.5-200 μg/L, the correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) was 0.999 7, the limit of detection was 0.1 μg/L, the limit of quantitation was 0.5 μg/L, and the recovery was 78.3%-83.8% at 1, 10 and 100 μg/L mass concentration levels. The matrix effect was 69.4%-73.8%, the intra-day precision was 1.9%-2.8%, and the inter-day precision was 2.8%-3.2%, the accuracy was 3.1%-3.5%. The stability test results of 1 and 100 μg/L mass concentrations at -25 ℃ showed that the accuracy (bias) of 10 d was less than 4.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This method has the advantages of simple pre-treatment process, fast sample processing speed, high sensitivity of instrument analysis, good stability of content determination and reliable identification results, and can meet the needs of case identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"388-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Death of craniocerebral injury caused by \"steel ball\" air gun shooting： A case report].","authors":"利 盛,&nbsp;国 铭 宋","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420203","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420203","url":null,"abstract":"张某，男，25岁，某日在自家院内被同伴许某摆弄气枪时不慎走火击中头部，送医抢救无效后死亡。经查院内监控提示：当日，张某与许某在院内车前聊天，许某看到车内有一支气枪，随即打开车门拿出枪支来回摆弄，并向张某所在的方向做举枪瞄准动作，后张某倒地。经侦查实验证实，事发时两人相距160 cm。.","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"417-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Causality in the identification of human injury degree and its standardized expression in identification opinions].","authors":"文 涛 夏","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230310","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230310","url":null,"abstract":"按照《中华人民共和国刑法》的规定，加害人故意实施伤害行为并导致受害人发生轻伤（二级）以上的人身损害，是故意伤害罪的构成要件。伤害罪具有“结果犯”的典型特征，人体损伤程度的法医临床鉴定意见往往成为决定案件性质和对加害人定罪量刑的关键依据。人身损害的后果就是伤者的人体损伤，由于加害人实施的加害行为各不相同，伤者的身体条件存在差异，加之医疗等诸多因素的影响，导致加害行为和损伤后果之间除了“一因一果”的简单因果关系以外，还存在“多因一果”的复杂因果关系，后者需要法医临床鉴定人剔除与加害行为无关的因素，直接对加害行为造成的后果作出评价，这也普遍被视为人体损伤程度法医临床鉴定中的难点和热点问题[ 1]。.","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"337-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Application of Rib Fracture Diagnosis Model Based on YOLOv3 Algorithm.","authors":"Jie Bai,&nbsp;Jing Sun,&nbsp;Xiao-Guang Cheng,&nbsp;Fan Liu,&nbsp;Hua Liu,&nbsp;Xu Wang","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230308","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The artificial intelligence-aided diagnosis model of rib fractures based on YOLOv3 algorithm was established and applied to practical case to explore the application advantages in rib fracture cases in forensic medicine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DICOM format CT images of 884 cases with rib fractures caused by thoracic trauma were collected, and 801 of them were used as training and validation sets. A rib fracture diagnosis model based on YOLOv3 algorithm and Darknet53 as the backbone network was built. After the model was established, 83 cases were taken as the test set, and the precision rate, recall rate, <i>F</i>1-score and radiology interpretation time were calculated. The model was used to diagnose a practical case and compared with manual diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The established model was used to test 83 cases, the fracture precision rate of this model was 90.5%, the recall rate was 75.4%, <i>F</i>1-score was 0.82, the radiology interpretation time was 4.4 images per second and the identification time of each patient's data was 21 s, much faster than manual diagnosis. The recognition results of the model was consistent with that of the manual diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rib fracture diagnosis model in practical case based on YOLOv3 algorithm can quickly and accurately identify fractures, and the model is easy to operate. It can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic technique in forensic clinical identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"343-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Full sibling testing of suspected father-child relationship using multiple genetic markers： A case report].","authors":"乐 杨,&nbsp;欣 丛,&nbsp;冲 陈,&nbsp;莉 贾,&nbsp;惠 芬 李,&nbsp;云 龙 马,&nbsp;妍 石","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530302","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530302","url":null,"abstract":"2003年，某镇两名女性（李某、王某）被强奸杀害。2023年2月，李某被杀案的犯罪嫌疑人姚某民被抓获。鉴定部门将姚某民的常染色体STR分型录入全国DNA数据库进行比对，发现其STR分型与王某阴道擦拭物中检出的未知男性STR分型在19个核心基因座[ 1]上都能找到至少1个共有等位基因，结合案发时犯罪嫌疑人的年龄信息，分析认为该案犯罪嫌疑人应为姚某民的父亲。但刑侦部门认为其父亲没有作案时间，故排除了其父亲的嫌疑。后刑侦部门通过走访研判，确定姚某华（怀疑其为姚某民的兄弟）有重大犯罪嫌疑，经DNA比对确认姚某华为犯罪嫌疑人。为了给案件侦破提供更精准的线索和更有力的证据，刑侦部门采集姚某华和姚某民的血样送检，要求确定两者的亲缘关系。.","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"424-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on Microbial Community Succession in the Postmortem Interval Estimation.","authors":"Qing-Qing Xiang,&nbsp;Li-Fang Chen,&nbsp;Qin Su,&nbsp;Yu-Kun DU,&nbsp;Pei-Yan Liang,&nbsp;Xiao-Dong Kang,&nbsp;He Shi,&nbsp;Qu-Yi Xu,&nbsp;Jian Zhao,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Xiao-Hui Chen","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420606","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The postmortem interval (PMI) estimation is a key and difficult point in the practice of forensic medicine, and forensic scientists at home and abroad have been searching for objective, quantifiable and accurate methods of PMI estimation. With the development and combination of high-throughput sequencing technology and artificial intelligence technology, the establishment of PMI model based on the succession of the microbial community on corpses has become a research focus in the field of forensic medicine. This paper reviews the technical methods, research applications and influencing factors of microbial community in PMI estimation explored by using high-throughput sequencing technology, to provide a reference for the related research on the use of microbial community to estimate PMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"399-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Death Cases of Oral Diphenidol Hydrochloride Poisoning.","authors":"Yu Yang,&nbsp;Fan-Zhang Lei,&nbsp;Yu-You Dong,&nbsp;Jian-Long Ma,&nbsp;Qi-Qiang Shi,&nbsp;Xue-Song Ye","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420401","DOIUrl":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.420401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the characteristics of postmortem examination, chemical examination and scene investigation of deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning, and so as to provide a reference for proper settlement and prevention of such deaths.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data of 22 deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning in a city from January 2018 to August 2020 were collected, including case details, scene investigations, autopsies, chemical examinations and digital evidence. Thirty-one cases of deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning reported in previous literature were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the 53 oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning death cases, 50 cases were suicide, 2 cases were accidental, while 1 case was undetermined. Fifty-two cases were found in the medical records or crime scene investigation reports with doses ranging from 775 mg to 12 500 mg, and 23 deceased were detected with postmortem blood concentrations ranging from 2.71 mg/L to 83.1 mg/L. Clinical symptoms were recorded in 6 patients, including conscious disturbance and convulsion. Among the 45 cases which were performed with external examination, 23 cases autopsied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most of the deceased of oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning were suicide. No significant correlation was found between dose and blood concentration through the retrospective analysis of cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"39 4","pages":"393-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}