Giovanni Piumatti, Manuel João Costa, Adelina Alcorta-Garza, Stefano Ardenghi, Anne Baroffio, Marta Elorduy, Margaret W Gerbase, Marie-Paule Gustin, Jordi Palés, Thelma Quince, Giulia Rampoldi, Maria Grazia Strepparava, Pia Thiemann, Montserrat Virumbrales, Luis Vivanco, Patrício S Costa
{"title":"Cross-national Psychometric Evaluation of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Medical Student Version.","authors":"Giovanni Piumatti, Manuel João Costa, Adelina Alcorta-Garza, Stefano Ardenghi, Anne Baroffio, Marta Elorduy, Margaret W Gerbase, Marie-Paule Gustin, Jordi Palés, Thelma Quince, Giulia Rampoldi, Maria Grazia Strepparava, Pia Thiemann, Montserrat Virumbrales, Luis Vivanco, Patrício S Costa","doi":"10.1177/01632787241296540","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01632787241296540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the factorial structure of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Medical student version (JSE-S) and assess items' discriminatory ability at higher and lower empathy levels in medical student populations from different countries and languages. JSE-S datasets were retrieved from previous studies of 4113 first- and/or second-year medical students from Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, Brazil, France, Spain, New Zealand, UK, Ireland, Mexico, and Peru. Parallel principal component analyses and item response theory were applied. Excluding item 18, the Compassionate Care subscale emerged in five samples (Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, France and UK/Ireland), Perspective Taking in three (Switzerland, Portugal and UK/Ireland) and Walking in Patient's Shoes in five (Switzerland, Portugal, Spain, UK/Ireland and Mexico/Peru). All subscales had items providing overlapping information. The JSE-S subscales had reliable high test performance at low empathy levels, while when the JSE-S increased, the standard error also increased. There was no consistent support across countries for the JSE-S three-factorial structure. Items provided redundant information and discriminatory power decreased when aiming to differentiate students at high empathy levels. A JSE-S revision to improve cross-cultural comparability, results' generalizability and validity should focus on suppressing or reformulating items that cannot differentiate medical students' empathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptation of the Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire Into Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study.","authors":"Naciye Esra Koyuncu, Serpil Su, Shane Sinclair","doi":"10.1177/01632787251348594","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01632787251348594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to adapt the Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability. The sample of the methodological study consisted of 390 patients who were hospitalized in internal and surgical clinics. The data were collected between May 2022 and December 2022 using the Personal Information Form, Newcastle Nursing Care Satisfaction Scale and Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire. The Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire consists of 15 items, containing a single latent compassion factor. Validity analysis included content validity index, concurrent validity, convergent validity, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis included test-retest and reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. The content validity index of the scale was found to be between 0.88 and 1.00. Confirmatory factor analysis χ<sup>2</sup> = 283.754, dF = 71, RMSEA = 0.078, indicating a good/excellent fit for the model. The item means of the scale ranged between 4.43 ± 0.60 and 4.10 ± 0.47, and the factor loadings ranged between 0.672 and 0.824. Convergent validity is at an acceptable level (<i>r</i> = 0.674). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.94. The Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess patients' experiences of compassion in Turkish populations with acute and chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"210-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Planning for New Threats to Online Research Data Validity: The Issue of Computer-Using Agents.","authors":"Jon Agley","doi":"10.1177/01632787251367407","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01632787251367407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing numbers of research studies are completed entirely online, often using \"crowdsourcing\" platforms to recruit participants, such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) or Prolific. Over time, crowdsourced data collection has faced multiple threats to validity including bots, inattention, and misrepresentation. Fortunately, research and development of quality control techniques has resulted in approaches to conducting credible research using crowdsourcing platforms. However, advances in large language models (LLMs), particularly computer-using agents (CUAs), such as OpenAI's \"Operator,\" may pose novel threats to the validity of crowdsourced research data in the future. This brief report explores how and why that might be the case and encourages further discussion of this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the Turkish Version of the Mental Health Quality of Life Questionnaire.","authors":"Eda Altinoz, Dilek Avci","doi":"10.1177/01632787251362213","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01632787251362213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although there is growing interest in assessing the quality of life (QoL) in mental health services, there is currently no specific measurement tool for mental disorders in Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric features of the Turkish version of the Mental Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (MHQoL). This methodological study was conducted with 310 patients diagnosed with mental disorders between October 2022 and June 2023. The MHQoL includes a descriptive system (MHQoL-7D) of seven items representing distinct dimensions- self-image, independence, mood, relationships, daily activities, physical health, and future- alongside a visual analog scale measuring general psychological well-being (MHQoL-VAS). Turkish MHQoL yielded a one-factor structure with 7 items and factor loadings ranging from 0.426 to 0.727. Goodness-of-fit indexes of the MHQoL were found to be χ2/df = 1.212, SRMR = 0.026, RMSEA = 0.026, GFI = 0.985, AGFI = 0.969, CFI = 0.995, IFI = 0.995, and TLI = 0.991. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was measured at 0.792, with item-total correlation coefficients from 0.378 to 0.609. Turkish MHQoL is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating QoL in individuals with mental health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"219-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Home Healthcare Program Among Adults Aged 50 and Older: A RE-AIM Framework Evaluation Using 3-Year Real-World Data.","authors":"Zih-Syuan Yang, Huei-Ru Yang, Ping-Jen Chen, Fu-Wen Liang, Wei-Zhe Tseng, Sang-Ju Yu, Hung-Yi Chiou, Chao A Hsiung, Jung-Yu Liao","doi":"10.1177/01632787251380874","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01632787251380874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Home healthcare is a widely adopted health policy to address the needs of aging societies. This study examined Taiwan's home healthcare policy as a case example, assessing its implementation through the five dimensions of the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance). Taiwan's home healthcare policy, launched in 2016 as the \"Integrated Home-Based Medical Care\" (iHBMC) program, is reimbursed by the National Health Insurance. The study utilized data from the National Health Insurance Research Database and publicly available government sources. A total of 15,761 adults aged 50 years and above in the iHBMC program during its first year were identified, with 16% receiving home-based primary care (S1) and 84% receiving home-based advanced care (S2) (Reach). Prescriptions for chronic diseases and emergency department visits were significantly decreased among S1 and S2 patients after the iHBMC program (Effectiveness). Among all institutions delivering home healthcare, the majority were clinics (74%), followed by home nursing care agencies (18.3%) and hospitals (7.5%) (Adoption). Continuity of care was higher in S1 than in S2 (Implementation). More than 70% of participants engaged in the program for more than 6 months (Maintenance). These findings suggest the iHBMC program is feasible, improves healthcare utilization, and reduces hospital burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"164-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phu Nghia Nguyen, Phuong Ngoc Anh Pham, My Kieu Phan, Thy Dinh Van Le, Dat Nguyen Tan Bui, Kawasaki Kasumi, Nguyen Tien Huy
{"title":"Commentary: Systemic Inequities in Japan's Technical Intern Training Program (TITP): Health, Labor, and Legal Vulnerabilities of Foreign Trainees.","authors":"Phu Nghia Nguyen, Phuong Ngoc Anh Pham, My Kieu Phan, Thy Dinh Van Le, Dat Nguyen Tan Bui, Kawasaki Kasumi, Nguyen Tien Huy","doi":"10.1177/01632787261446333","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01632787261446333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japan's Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) has expanded into a major conduit for foreign labor, primarily from Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. While it was originally established to facilitate skill and technology transfer to developing nations, numerous reports indicate persistent issues of wage underpayment, excessive overtime, and limited access to healthcare. This commentary integrates evidence from legal, employment, and public health perspectives to illustrate systemic inequities affecting technical interns as they increasingly contribute to Japan's health and long-term care sector. It also addresses gender-related vulnerabilities and enforcement challenges. In addition, the Employment for Skill Development (ESD) framework is discussed, with attention to how targeted policy refinements can improve worker protection without undermining its core goals of skill development and workforce stability, alongside the cultural barriers that may constrain their effectiveness. The commentary proposes directions to align Japan's migrant labor systems with universal health coverage and labor law principles, emphasizing equitable protection and sustainable reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"1632787261446333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147867372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurements in Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Trials for Musculoskeletal Disorders in China: A Registry-Based Analysis.","authors":"Xuanyu Chen, Yijia Gong, Yuanyuan Lin, Hongguo Rong, Yansong Zhao","doi":"10.1177/01632787261444409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787261444409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyse the application characteristics of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical trials for musculoskeletal disorders in China. This study included TCM clinical trials for musculoskeletal diseases conducted in China between January 1, 2010, and August 1, 2023. Data were extracted from ClinicalTrials.gov, the Chinese Clinical Registry, and the International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry. Eligible trials were categorized as (1) explicitly specified PROs, (2) implicitly specified PROs (generic outcome concepts [e.g., pain] without naming a specific instrument), and (3) PROs not mentioned. Of 494 eligible trials, 446 (90.3%) used PROs as endpoints. Of 67,839 participants, 58,093 (85.6%) were in trials with specific PRO tools, 4,400 (6.5%) in trials with ambiguous PRO descriptions, and 5,346 (7.9%) in trials without PROs. Arthropathies (43.0%) were the most common condition among PRO-inclusive trials, and the Visual Analogue Scale was the most frequently used PRO tool. Primary sponsors showed significant regional imbalance, with most concentrated in eastern China. This study demonstrated a significant emphasis on PRO application in TCM clinical trials for musculoskeletal diseases in China, while also identifying gaps in standardization and regional distribution that require addressing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"1632787261444409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Divergent Socioeconomic Pathways to Biologically Uncontrolled Diabetes by Gender: A Bayesian Analysis of NHANES 2021-2023.","authors":"Terry Hao-Yu Qin, Aiden Yi-Fei Wang","doi":"10.1177/01632787261446335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787261446335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Standard health evaluations often treat gender as a mere covariate, masking distinct socioeconomic pathways to disease. We applied a gender-stratified Bayesian framework to evaluate how socioeconomic indicators relate to biologically uncontrolled diabetes risk in the volatile post-pandemic context. Using NHANES 2021-2023 data (N = 5,995), we conducted a Bayesian multilevel logistic regression utilizing targeted prior regularization and partial pooling to stabilize estimates for underrepresented subgroups. This approach provides a rigorous assessment of structural factors including income, education, employment, and health insurance. Our analysis identified a sharp gender divide. While educational attainment serves as a universal buffer, structural drivers differ fundamentally by gender. For men, labor market status acts as a high-fidelity signal of functional reserve; active job seekers show significantly lower odds of uncontrolled diabetes (OR = 0.26, 95% CrI: 0.07-0.70), reflecting health selection at re-entry. Conversely, uninsured women show a lower diagnostic likelihood (OR = 0.47, 95% CrI: 0.24-0.87), reflecting structural invisibility rather than metabolic protection. Gender-blind models miss critical structural vulnerabilities. Translating these findings into actionable guidance requires a paradigm shift in screening design.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"1632787261446335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abu Sheriff, Gregory Foray, Alimatu Vandi, Yuedong Chen, Xiaoqin Su, Lu Niu
{"title":"Patient Safety Culture in Sierra Leonean Hospitals: A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Abu Sheriff, Gregory Foray, Alimatu Vandi, Yuedong Chen, Xiaoqin Su, Lu Niu","doi":"10.1177/01632787261438802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787261438802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed patient safety culture across selected public hospitals in Sierra Leone and explored how perceptions vary by hospital characteristics, including size, location and resource availability, with the aim of identifying practical strategies to strengthen safety culture and improve care quality. A sequential cross-sectional mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 404 healthcare workers using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Qualitative data from ten key informant interviews were thematically analysed in NVivo-14 to provide contextual insights. The overall patient safety culture score was low at 40.5% (95% CI: 37.4-43.6). Teamwork within units and organizational learning emerged as relative strengths, while incident reporting and management support were identified as major weakness. Most respondents rated patient safety as acceptable, although underreporting of incidents was widely acknowledged, driven by fear of blame, time constraints and unclear reporting procedures. Qualitative findings highlighted leadership gaps, staffing shortages, resource limitations and marked disparities between urban and rural hospitals. Overall, patient safety culture in Sierra Leone hospitals remains underdeveloped, highlighting the need for strengthened leadership accountability, non-punitive reporting systems, improved communication, training, and broader systemic investments to enhance safe and high-quality care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"1632787261438802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power Considerations for Multiple-Group (Controlled) Interrupted Time Series Analysis: A Comprehensive Simulation Study.","authors":"Ariel Linden","doi":"10.1177/01632787261428159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787261428159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently there is little guidance on the power considerations for the multiple-group (controlled) interrupted time series design (MG-ITSA). In this study, simulations estimated power based on the number of time periods, the number of control units, when the treatment is introduced, and the degree of autocorrelation. The measures of effect were the difference in differences (DID) in <i>level</i> and the DID in <i>trend</i>. Power was evaluated at three different effect sizes. Higher power was generally associated with longer studies, more control units, larger effect sizes, and decreasing autocorrelation. Introducing the treatment at the halfway point in the study typically produced higher power than elsewhere for DID in trend. DID in level required fewer time periods to achieve the desired power than the DID in trend. The results show that to increase power, a researcher can increase the number of control units, increase the number of time periods, utilize the DID in level as the measure of effect, and maximize the effect size. Autocorrelation cannot be readily manipulated, and therefore must be accounted for in the time series regression model. Health researchers must consider the many factors highlighted here that uniquely affect power when determining the most efficient way to conduct an MG-ITSA study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":" ","pages":"1632787261428159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}