Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Critical Analysis of the Systems Used to Reduce Self-Heating in Polymer Composites Subjected to Very High Cycle Fatigue Regimes
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14561
P. N. B. Reis, A. Katunin, J. Amraei
{"title":"Critical Analysis of the Systems Used to Reduce Self-Heating in Polymer Composites Subjected to Very High Cycle Fatigue Regimes","authors":"P. N. B. Reis,&nbsp;A. Katunin,&nbsp;J. Amraei","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14561","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The self-heating effect occurring during fatigue loading of polymer-matrix composites remains to be a significant problem due to its role in accelerating structural lifespan degradation. This is especially challenging when accelerated tests are applied at very high-frequency regimes since without cooling the tested structure is dominated by this phenomenon and rapidly reaching critical temperature value, and finally fails prematurely. This study reviews the approaches to reduce self-heating effect through the modification of materials systems to increase heat transfer and by applying specific load sequences or external cooling systems. The authors describe the possibility of hybridizing the reinforcement to obtain multifunctionality and an overall improvement in mechanical and thermal performance of the composites, as well as applying surface cooling techniques with the physical limitations of their applications. The results of this review demonstrate the practical possibilities of applying cooling approaches to reduce the negative impact of self-heating on structural residual life.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1371-1392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AI Safety for Physical Infrastructures: A Collaborative and Interdisciplinary Approach
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14575
Fariborz Farahmand, Richard W. Neu
{"title":"AI Safety for Physical Infrastructures: A Collaborative and Interdisciplinary Approach","authors":"Fariborz Farahmand,&nbsp;Richard W. Neu","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14575","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Where AI systems are increasingly and rapidly impacting engineering, science, and our daily lives, progress in AI safety for physical infrastructures is lagging. Most of the research and educational programs on AI safety do not consider that, in today's connected world, safety and security in physical infrastructures are increasingly entangled. This technical note sheds light, for the first time, on how computer science and engineering communities, for example, mechanical and civil, can collaborate on addressing AI safety issues in the physical infrastructures and the mutual benefits of this collaboration. We offer examples of how probabilistic views of engineers on safety can contribute to quantifying critical parameters such as “threshold” and “safety buffer” in the AI safety models, developed by the world-leading computer scientists. We also offer examples of how novel AI and machine learning tools, for example, <i>do</i>-operator, a mathematical operator for intervention (vs. conditioning); <i>do</i>-calculus, machinery of causal calculus; and physics-informed neural networks with a small number of samples can help fatigue and fracture research. We envision AI safety as a process, not an object, and contribute to realizing this vision by initiating a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach in establishing this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1919-1928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ffe.14575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Physics-Guided Neural Network for Probabilistic Fatigue Life Prediction Under Multiple Overload Effects
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14557
Shan Jiang, Yingchun Zhang, Wei Zhang
{"title":"A Physics-Guided Neural Network for Probabilistic Fatigue Life Prediction Under Multiple Overload Effects","authors":"Shan Jiang,&nbsp;Yingchun Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14557","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Physics-guided Neural Network (PgNN) is proposed to provide a robust probability distribution of fatigue life under arbitrary multiple overloads, which integrates the physical mechanism model (PMM) and neural network (NN). Notably, the proposed PgNNs are trained solely using data under constant amplitude loading scenarios. Firstly, a PMM is developed to predict fatigue life based on linear elastic fracture mechanics, considering crack closure. A data preprocessing approach informing PMM is presented, transforming arbitrary overload conditions into equivalent constant amplitude loading with stress ratio \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ mathrm{R}&amp;#x0003D;0 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Moreover, a back-propagation NN is constructed, where a loss function integrating the PMM and mean square error is designed. The PgNN framework encompasses the uncertainties associated with stress levels, material coefficients and equivalent initial flaw size. The fatigue data of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 and Al-Li alloy 2060 are used for model validation. The results affirm that the PgNN exhibits superior accuracy and robustness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1612-1629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Notch and Fracture Mechanics-Based Assessment of Multiaxial Fatigue Thresholds of Defects and Sharp Notches in Metallic Materials
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14478
Francesco Collini, Daniele Rigon, Giovanni Meneghetti
{"title":"Notch and Fracture Mechanics-Based Assessment of Multiaxial Fatigue Thresholds of Defects and Sharp Notches in Metallic Materials","authors":"Francesco Collini,&nbsp;Daniele Rigon,&nbsp;Giovanni Meneghetti","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14478","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This investigation focuses on the constant amplitude (CA) multiaxial fatigue limit of components made of metallic materials weakened by defects, cracks, and sharp U- and/or V-notches. To estimate the multiaxial fatigue thresholds of plain, sharply notched, and cracked materials and defects, a novel theoretical framework based on the well-known averaged strain energy density (SED) criterion is proposed, which extends the Atzori–Lazzarin–Meneghetti (ALM) diagram to multiaxial loading. The proposed design equations are validated against 128 experimental multiaxial fatigue limits, taken from the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1929-1970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ffe.14478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Strain Gradients on Fatigue Life of C-Mn Steel Notched Tubes Under Axial and Torsion Loads: Tests and Analyses
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14570
Shreebanta Kumar Jena, Punit Arora, Suneel K. Gupta, J. Chattopadhyay
{"title":"Effect of Strain Gradients on Fatigue Life of C-Mn Steel Notched Tubes Under Axial and Torsion Loads: Tests and Analyses","authors":"Shreebanta Kumar Jena,&nbsp;Punit Arora,&nbsp;Suneel K. Gupta,&nbsp;J. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14570","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present study aims to investigate individual effects of strain gradient and peak equivalent strain amplitude on fatigue life of notched tubes of C-Mn steel. Remote pure axial and pure torsion strain-controlled tests have been performed for different strain gradients (owing to different hole diameter in tube specimen) subjected to same peak equivalent strain amplitude at hole tip. During the tests, local strains ahead of notch were measured using digital image correlation/strain gauge techniques. Measured strains have been compared with simulated strains using detailed finite element analyses. Additionally, fatigue life assessment has also been carried out using equivalent strain amplitude at (i) peak strain location and (ii) different distances from peak strain location. A critical distance parameter (<i>d</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>), in present study, has been deduced based on least scatter between predicted and test fatigue lives.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1589-1611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quasistatic Tensile and Fatigue Performances of Titanium Alloy Open Hole Structures Strengthened by Different Cold Expansion Mandrel Front Cone Angles
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14559
Junpeng Chen, Yingxiang Ma, Yingxin Chen, Yangjie Zuo
{"title":"Quasistatic Tensile and Fatigue Performances of Titanium Alloy Open Hole Structures Strengthened by Different Cold Expansion Mandrel Front Cone Angles","authors":"Junpeng Chen,&nbsp;Yingxiang Ma,&nbsp;Yingxin Chen,&nbsp;Yangjie Zuo","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14559","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, the cold expansion test of titanium alloy open hole structures was conducted, and the fatigue performance was also assessed. A parametric study of the mandrel front cone angle revealed a correlation with the strengthening quality and fatigue performance evolution, providing valuable insight for optimization of open hole structure designs. The results showed that the strengthening resistance decreased and then increased with the increase of the front cone angle. The microhardness of the hole edge increased and exhibited obvious sensitivity to the mandrel front cone angle. As expected, the fatigue life of specimens increased after strengthening. The best fatigue life strengthening front cone angle was 15°. Although the front cone angle exhibited little influence on the location of the fatigue crack initiation zone and crack propagating direction, the crack extension rate and the stiffness degradation rate could be reduced by the proper mandrel front cone angle.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1574-1588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental Investigation of Low-Cycle Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of AA5059 Aluminum Alloy in Air and 3.5% NaCl Solution Environments
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14558
Dharani Kumar Selvan, Karthick Ganesan, V. Manoj Mohan Prasath
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Low-Cycle Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of AA5059 Aluminum Alloy in Air and 3.5% NaCl Solution Environments","authors":"Dharani Kumar Selvan,&nbsp;Karthick Ganesan,&nbsp;V. Manoj Mohan Prasath","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14558","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The shipbuilding industry is increasingly adopting aluminum alloys like AA5059 over traditional steel alloys to achieve lighter structures, enhanced environmental protection, and improved energy efficiency. Ship structures are frequently subjected to fatigue loading from combined wave-induced stresses and corrosive effects. This study investigates the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of AA5059 aluminum alloy in both air and a 3.5% NaCl solution to assess the impact of corrosion on fatigue life. LCF tests were conducted at strain amplitudes of Δ<i>ε</i><sub>T</sub>/2 = 0.3%–0.7%. The findings indicate a marked reduction in fatigue life in the NaCl solution compared with air, regardless of strain amplitude. Back (<i>σ</i><sub>b</sub>), effective (<i>σ</i><sub>eff</sub>) stresses were assessed using Dickson's approach, showing reduced back stress and increased effective stress in 3.5% NaCl, indicating diminished hardening and enhanced plastic deformation. Corrosion was observed to enhance plastic strain energy density (PSED), with specimens exhibiting massing behavior in air and non-massing behavior in the corrosive environment. Fractographic analysis revealed corrosion pits, oxide formations, and secondary cracks in the crack initiation (CI), crack propagation (CP), and final fracture (FF) regions in NaCl. These findings on the low-cycle corrosion fatigue performance of AA5059 provide valuable guidance for its application in shipbuilding, particularly in corrosive marine environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1542-1558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reusable Turbine Material GH4586: Stochastic Analysis and Reliability Assessment of Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Parameters at Multiple Temperatures
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14568
Yixin Ma, Bingyang Liu, Wei Wang, Guobiao Cai, Ping Jin
{"title":"Reusable Turbine Material GH4586: Stochastic Analysis and Reliability Assessment of Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Parameters at Multiple Temperatures","authors":"Yixin Ma,&nbsp;Bingyang Liu,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Guobiao Cai,&nbsp;Ping Jin","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14568","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Turbines, crucial in reusable rocket engines, benefit significantly from precise fatigue life forecasting in their force-thermal cyclic loading conditions. Further, low-cycle fatigue life predictions can be random due to uncertainties in material properties. This study aims to analyze the probabilistic low-cycle fatigue life of GH4586 under different temperature. Mechanical and thermal tests were carried out for the temperatures between 87 K and 1173 K. Random distributions of low-cycle fatigue parameters were obtained using various methods. The cyclic life reliability of a reusable rocket engine turbine rotor blisk was analyzed using stochastic low-cycle fatigue parameters. Mitchell's method had a higher prediction accuracy when the reliability was greater than 0.8. Sensitivity analysis shows the significant impact of GH4586 fatigue parameters on cyclic life reliability. Sensitivity coefficients of strength coefficient and ductility coefficient are 32.73% and 27.06%, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights that inform the design of turbines and enhance their reliability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1559-1573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior and Frequency Effect of Structural Steel Welds
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14569
Andrew England, Yevgen Gorash, Athanasios Toumpis
{"title":"Assessing the Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior and Frequency Effect of Structural Steel Welds","authors":"Andrew England,&nbsp;Yevgen Gorash,&nbsp;Athanasios Toumpis","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14569","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The very high cycle fatigue behavior of S275J2+N flux-core arc welded joints was investigated using the ultrasonic fatigue testing method at a loading frequency of 20 kHz. A bespoke specimen design featuring the weld toe was employed to more suitably represent in-service welded joints than typical ultrasonic fatigue testing specimens. This revealed that fracture occurs above 10 million cycles, beyond the classically accepted fatigue limit. Additionally, comparative fatigue tests were performed at 10 Hz to investigate the frequency effect on the fatigue behavior. A 35% increase in fatigue strength was measured at 20 kHz when compared to 10 Hz, indicating that a correction must be considered in the use of ultrasonic fatigue testing data for design purposes. Fracture surfaces for both test frequencies showed similar morphologies and typical characteristics for fatigue failures of ductile metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1529-1541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ffe.14569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mode-I Moving Semi-Infinite Crack in an Infinitely Long Orthotropic Strip in the Presence of Electromagnetic Field
IF 3.1 2区 材料科学
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/ffe.14564
Samim Alam, Subhas Chandra Mandal
{"title":"Mode-I Moving Semi-Infinite Crack in an Infinitely Long Orthotropic Strip in the Presence of Electromagnetic Field","authors":"Samim Alam,&nbsp;Subhas Chandra Mandal","doi":"10.1111/ffe.14564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14564","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research examines the propagation of a mode-I semi-infinite crack with constant velocity in a magnetoelastic orthotropic strip with shear-free boundaries. The novelty of this work lies in addressing the unexplored plane-strain problem of crack propagation in a magnetoelastic orthotropic medium, specifically in the presence of electromagnetic field and shear-free boundary conditions. The mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a Wiener-Hopf equation by employing the Fourier integral transform method to the convenient boundary conditions. The Wiener-Hopf equation is then solved for asymptotic cases to obtain the expressions of the stress intensity factor (SIF) and the crack opening displacement (COD) at the vicinity of the crack. The obtained results are demonstrated graphically. The key finding of this research is that the magnetoelastic coupling coefficient plays a critical role in influencing the behavior of dynamic fractures, as illustrated by graphical results. The accuracy and novelty of the findings are validated by comparison with previously published works, highlighting the added value of this research in understanding magnetoelastic effects on crack propagation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12298,"journal":{"name":"Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures","volume":"48 4","pages":"1479-1495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信