Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment最新文献

{"title":"A miniaturized QuEChERS and UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of mycotoxins in cashew nuts.","authors":"Felipe Stanislau Candido, Andre Victor Sartori, Armi Wanderley da Nobrega","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2376156","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2376156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop and validate a multi-mycotoxin analysis method applied to cashew nuts by employing a miniaturized QuEChERS method followed by determination by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Satisfactory recoveries for the concentrations 1, 10 and 30 ng g^-1, ranging from 66% (fumonisin B₁) to 110% (ochratoxin A) and relative standard deviations lower than 9% (fumonisin B₂) were obtained for the target compounds. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.004 ng g^-1 (sterigmatocystin) to 0.59 ng g^-1 (alternariol). The applicability of the analytical method was verified by analyzing 30 cashew nut samples from the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, southeastern Brazil. Aflatoxins M1, G2, G1, B2, B1, ochratoxin A and sterigmatocystin were detected, respectively, in 27%, 10%, 17%, 30%, 30%, 30% and 50% of the analyzed samples, at maximum concentrations of 0.56, 0.67, 1.43, 2.02, 4.93, 4.81, and 0.35 ng g^-1. The maximum limit established by Brazilian legislation for aflatoxins was not exceeded by any of the analyzed samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1158-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of deodorisation time and temperature on the removal of different MOAH structures: a lab-scale study on spiked coconut oil.","authors":"Aleksandra Gorska, Sabine Danthine, Nicolas Jacquet, Giorgia Purcaro","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2371925","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2371925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vegetable fats and oils are prone to contamination by mineral oil hydrocarbons due to the lipophilic and ubiquitous character of the latter. As the aromatic fraction of these hydrocarbons, MOAH, is associated with carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and detrimental effects on foetal development, finding strategies to limit or reduce their contamination is highly relevant. Deodorisation (i.e. a refining step) has shown the ability to remove MOAH < C25 in vegetable fats and oils, but there is little information about the structures removed. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of deodorisation conditions on the removal of different structures of MOAH in spiked coconut oil. An inscribed central composite design was built with time and temperature as variables (0.5-4h, 150-240 °C), while pressure (3 mbar) and steam flow (1 g water/g oil per hour) were kept constant. The analysis of MOAH in the oil was performed using a fully automated liquid chromatography coupled with two parallel comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography systems with flame ionisation and time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection. Response surfaces plotting the MOAH loss according to time and temperature were built for different MOAH fractions. The latter were defined based on the number of aromatic rings (>3 or ≤3) and the number of carbon atoms present (C16-C20, C20-C24, C24-C35, C35-C40). It was found that at 200 °C, compounds < C24, including weakly alkylated triaromatics, could be reduced to below the limit of quantification, while at 230 °C, it was possible to remove >60% of the C24-C35 fraction, including pentaromatics of low alkylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1118-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing maize safety: the role of co-regulation as a regulatory strategy to manage fumonisin risk.","authors":"Megan K Rooney, Timothy J Herrman","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2376159","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2376159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the implementation of the One Sample Strategy (OSS), a co-regulation program aimed at managing mycotoxin risk in Texas maize. Fumonisin-contaminated cereals and oilseeds that contain greater than 5 mg kg^-1 of the toxin (B₁, B₂, and B₃) are a risk for equids and rabbits, and levels greater than 60 mg kg^-1 are a risk to ruminants. The OSS, previously successful in managing aflatoxin risk in Texas maize, was evaluated for its effectiveness in handling fumonisin risk in maize, specifically as it relates to ruminants. In 2017, 25 analysts across seven firms qualified to participate in the program. To ensure greater accuracy in testing, working control samples were provided to the participating OSS firms with the requirement that their results fall within +/- 20% of the target concentration. Ninety-four percent of the working controls met this specification. The capability to grind maize to the OSS prescribed particle size was met by 100% of participants. To verify testing accuracy, file samples collected from each OSS firm were analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. The 177 fumonisin verification samples analysed by Office of the Texas State Chemist (OTSC) were correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.93) with co-regulation laboratories. Results were plotted in an operating curve to depict type I and type II errors. Error analysis revealed a type I error rate of 13% and type II error rate of 2% for the 5 mg kg^-1 guidance level, and 6% and 8%, respectively, for the 60 mg kg^-1 guidance level. For 2017, 994 official reports of analysis for fumonisin in whole maize in the Texas High Plains were issued by the seven laboratories that employed 25 OTSC-credentialed analysts. The OSS co-regulation program, supported by a quality systems approach and government regulations, has proven effective in managing fumonisin risk in Texas maize, enhancing both market confidence and livestock safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1187-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response study on the transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from a tansy ragwort extract (<i>Jacobaea vulgaris</i> Gaertn.) to bovine milk.","authors":"Kirsten Knoop, Lisa Monika Klein, Angelika Miriam Knispel, Florian Kaltner, Christoph Gottschalk, Karin Knappstein, Janine Saltzmann, Sven Dänicke","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2371941","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2371941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ragworts like tansy ragwort (<i>J. vulgaris</i> Gaertn., syn. <i>Senecio jacobaea</i> L.) contain hepatotoxic and cancerogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and their corresponding pyrrolizidine alkaloid <i>N</i>-oxides (PANO). Due to increasing spread of ragworts (<i>Jacobaea</i> spp.) PA/PANO may pose a health risk to animals and humans consuming contaminated feed and food. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the transfer of individual PA/PANO originating from a well-defined PA/PANO extract into the milk of dairy cows. For this objective, 16 German Holstein cows were assigned to four treatment groups (<i>n</i> = 4) in a 28-day dose-response study. Administration into the reticulorumen was performed daily by gavage after the morning milking. Three groups received different amounts of the <i>J. vulgaris</i> extract resulting in a PA/PANO exposure of 0.47, 0.95, or 1.91 mg PA/PANO/kg body weight/day, respectively. Furthermore, a control group received molasses to account for the sugar content of the used PA/PANO extract. While the composition of the PA/PANO extract was more diverse, the PA/PANO pattern in milk was dominated by the PA in their free base form. It was shown that mainly PA considered stable in the rumen environment were transferred into the milk. The main compounds in milk were jacoline (74.3 ± 2.4% of the PA/PANO sum), jaconine (11.2 ± 1.3%), and jacobine (7.2 ± 0.6%) with concentrations up to 29.7, 4.65 µg/l, or in the highest exposed group, 3.44 µg/l. There was no dose-dependent effect on the total PA/PANO transfer rate into the milk. The average transfer rate was 0.064 ± 0.005% of the administered content.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1144-1157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of mycoflora and ochratoxin A on common culinary herbs and spices in Kenya.","authors":"Cynthia Wakhungu, Sheila Okoth, Nicholas Amimo, Peter Wachira, Truphosa Amakhobe, Ann Owiti, Patrick Wachira","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2367212","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2367212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to screen fungal diversity and ochratoxin A levels on culinary spice and herb samples sold in open-air markets and supermarkets in Nairobi County, Kenya. All herbs were grown in Kenya, while locally-produced and imported spices were purchased from both types of retail outlet. The results showed a high frequency of <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> species contaminating the samples. The isolated species included <i>Aspergillus ochraceous</i>, <i>Aspergillus nomiae</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, <i>Aspergillus ustus</i>, <i>Aspergillus terrus</i>, <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>, <i>Aspergillus clavutus</i>, <i>Penicillium crustosum</i>, <i>Penicillium expansum</i>, <i>Penicillium brevicompactum</i>, <i>Penicillium glabrum</i>, <i>Penicillium thomii</i>, <i>Penicillium citrinum</i>, <i>Penicillium polonicum</i>, and <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides.</i> Total fungal count on spice and herb samples collected from various sources varied between 6 and 7 CFU/mL. Of imported spices, garlic had the highest fungal diversity, while cardamom had the least. For spices from both open market and supermarket outlets, cloves had the highest fungal diversity, while white pepper had the least. For the herbs sampled from the open markets, basil was the most contaminated, while sage was the least. In supermarket samples, parsley, sage, and mint had the highest fungal diversity, and bay had the least. The results indicate the contamination of spices and herbs with OTA at high concentrations. The calibration curve was saturated at 40 µg/kg; with samples of garlic, cinnamon, red chili, basil, thyme, mint, sage, and parsley having levels above this. Of the spices, imported ginger had the highest OTA levels (28.7 µg/kg), while turmeric from the open market had the least, 2.14 µg/kg. For herb samples, parsley from the open market had the highest OTA levels at 29.4 µg/kg, while marjoram from the open market had the lowest at 6.35 µg/kg. The results demonstrate the presence of mycotoxigenic fungi and OTA contamination of marketed culinary herbs and spices beyond acceptable limits. Hence, there is a need for informed and sustainable mitigation strategies aimed at reducing human exposure in Kenya to OTA mycotoxicosis through dietary intake of spices and herbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1003-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from the Danish monitoring programme on pesticide residues from the period 2012-2017 - frequencies and trends in detected pesticides.","authors":"Mette Erecius Poulsen, Annette Petersen, Pernille Bjørn Petersen, Jens Hinge Andersen, Elena Hakme, Bodil Hamborg Jensen","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2360153","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2360153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to assess compliance with maximum residue levels in foods and evaluate the exposure of the Danish population to pesticides, a comprehensive monitoring programme was conducted. The work from 2012-2017 involved testing pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables, cereals, animal product and processed commodities. The sampling strategy, mainly based on exposure calculations and previous findings, involved the collection of 13,492 samples primarily from fresh conventional and organic produces on the Danish market. The origin of the samples varied, with 34% being of Danish origin and 67% originating from EU and non-EU countries. The results revealed that residues in conventionally grown produce were detected in 54% of the fruit and vegetable samples, and 30% of the cereal samples. Additionally, residues above the maximum residue limits were found in 1.8% of these samples, most frequently in fruits. As previous years, more residues were found in samples of foreign origin compared to samples of Danish origin. Compared to earlier findings more than 40 pesticides were detected for the first time and including boscalid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, etofenprox, and spinosad, all detected more than 100 times. The data shows that detection of PFAS pesticides has increased dramatically, from 24 in 2006 to 412 in 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"923-940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of luminescent <i>Photobacterium Phosphoreum</i> T3 for the detection of zearalenone and estimating the efficiency of their enzymatic degradation.","authors":"Shu-Rong Chen, Li-Hong Chen, Li Pan, Bin Wang","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2363397","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2363397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zearalenone (ZEN), a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, causes enormous economic losses in the food and feed industries. Simple, rapid, low-cost, and quantitative analysis of ZEN is particularly urgent in the fields of food safety and animal husbandry. Using the bioluminescent bacterium <i>Photobacterium phosphoreum</i> T3, we propose a bioluminescence inhibition assay to evaluate ZEN levels quickly. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and quantitative working range of this bioluminescence inhibition assay were 0.1 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, and 5-100 µg/mL, respectively. The concentration-response curve of the bioluminescence inhibition rate and ZEN concentration was plotted within the range 5 to 100 μg/mL, as follows: y = 0.0069x² - 0.0190x + 7.9907 (R² = 0.9943, y is luminescence inhibition rate, x is ZEN concentration). First, we used the bioluminescence inhibition assay to detect the remaining ZEN in samples treated with purified lactonohydrolase ZHD101. The bioluminescence inhibition assay results showed a strong correlation with the HPLC analysis. Furthermore, we successfully evaluated the overall toxicity of samples treated with purified peroxidase Prx and H₂O₂ using the <i>P. phosphoreum</i> T3 bioluminescence inhibition assay. The results indicate that the degradation products of ZEN created by purified peroxidase Prx and H₂O₂ showed little toxicity to <i>P. phosphoreum</i> T3. In this study, a simple, rapid, and low-cost assay method of zearalenone by bioluminescent <i>P. phosphoreum</i> T3 was developed. The bioluminescence inhibition assay could be used to estimate the efficiency of enzymatic degradation of ZEN.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"979-988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and chemical evaluation of patulin production of <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium-</i>like species isolated from Hungarian apples.","authors":"Ildikó Bata-Vidács, Emelin Leandro Rodrigues, Judit Kosztik, Ákos Tóth, Zsolt Zalán, Olívia Csernus, József Kukolya","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2364364","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2364364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites harmful to humans and animals. Patulin (PAT) is a toxin found in different food products but especially in apples and their derivative products. The most common fungi producers of this compound are <i>Aspergillus clavatus</i> and <i>Penicillium expansum.</i> The production of patulin, as other mycotoxins, can be impacted by diverse phenomena such as water and nutrient availability, UV exposure, and the presence of antagonistic organisms. Consequently, gaining a comprehensive understanding of climate and environmental conditions is a crucial step in combating patulin contamination. In this study, moulds were isolated from 40 apple samples collected from seven locations across Hungary: Csenger, Damak, Pallag, Lövőpetri, Nagykálló, and Újfehértó. A total of 183 moulds were morphologically identified, with 67 isolates belonging to the <i>Alternaria</i>, 45 to the <i>Aspergillus</i>, and 13 to the <i>Penicillium</i> groups. The location possessed a higher influence than farming method on the distribution of mould genera. Despite the requirement of higher temperature, <i>Aspergillus</i> species dominated only for the region of Újfehértó with approximately 50% of the isolates belonging to the genus. Four of the seven locations assessed: Csenger, Debrecen-Pallag, Nyírtass and Nagykálló, were dominated by <i>Alternaria</i> species. All isolates belonging to the genera <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> were tested for the presence of the isoepoxidone dehydrogenase (<i>idh</i>) gene, a key player in the patulin metabolic pathway. To guarantee patulin production, this ability was confirmed with TLC assays. The only <i>Aspergillus</i> strain that presented a positive result was the strain <i>Aspergillus clavatus</i> B9/6, originated from the apple cultivar Golden Reinders grown in Debrecen-Pallag by integrated farming. Of the <i>Penicillium</i> isolates only one strain, B10/6, presented a band of the right size (500-600 bp) for the <i>idh</i> gene. Further sequencing of the ITS gene showed that this strain should be classified as <i>Talaromyces pinophilus.</i> The TLC tests confirmed this microorganism as the only patulin producer under the studied conditions for its cluster.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"990-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of titanium dioxide (nano)particles in foodstuffs and E171 additives by <i>single particle</i> inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry using a highly efficient sample introduction system.","authors":"Isabel Bastardo-Fernández, Rachida Chekri, Johanna Noireaux, Lucas Givelet, Nora Lambeng, Alexandra Delvallée, Katrin Loeschner, Paola Fisicaro, Petru Jitaru","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2359532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2359532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study addressed primarily the characterisation and quantification of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) (nano)particles (NPs) in a large variety of commercial foodstuffs. The samples were purchased from local markets in Spain before the ban of TiO₂ food additive (E171) in the EU. The analyses were carried out by <i>single particle</i> inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (spICP-MS/MS) in mass shift mode (oxidation of ⁴⁸Ti to ⁴⁸Ti¹⁶O (<i>m/z</i> = 64)) and using a highly efficient sample introduction system (APEX™ Ω). This novel analytical approach allowed accurate characterisation of a large panel of TiO₂ NPs sizes ranging from ∼12 to ∼800 nm without isobaric interferences from ⁴⁸Ca isotope, which is highly abundant in most of the analysed foodstuffs. TiO₂ NPs were extracted from foodstuffs using sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.1%, <i>w/v</i>) and diluted with ultra-pure water to reach ∼ 1000 particles signals per acquisition. All the analysed samples contained TiO₂ NPs with concentrations ranging from 10¹⁰ to 10¹⁴ particles kg^-1, but with significant low recoveries compared to the total Ti determination. A selection of samples was also analysed using a similar spICP-MS/MS approach with a conventional sample introduction system. The comparison of results highlighted the improvement of the limit of detection in size (12 nm) by the APEX™ Ω system, providing nanoparticulate fractions ranging from ∼4% (cheddar sauce) up to ∼87% (chewing gum), which is among the highest nanoparticulate fractions reported in literature using a spICP-MS approach. In addition, two commercially available E171 additives were analysed using the previous approaches and other techniques in different European laboratories with the aim of methods inter-comparison. This study provides occurrence data related to TiO₂ NPs in common commercial foodstuffs but it also demonstrates the potential of the novel analytical approach based on APEX™-ICP-MS/MS to characterise nano-size TiO₂ particles in complex matrices such as foodstuffs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"867-884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing dietary bisphenol A exposure among Koreans: comprehensive database construction and analysis using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Yoonjoo Lee, Jiyun Baek, Youngjoo Kwon","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2362252","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2362252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure primarily occurs through dietary intake. This study aimed to estimate the extent of dietary BPA exposure among Koreans. A thorough literature search was conducted to establish a BPA content database encompassing common foods consumed in Korea, including various food raw materials and processed food products. Dietary exposure levels were estimated by integrating the constructed BPA database with comprehensive nationwide 24 h-dietary recall datasets. The finding revealed that dietary BPA exposure was low for most Koreans, with a mean of 14.5 ng/kg bw/day, but was higher for preschool-age children (over 23 ng). Canned foods accounted for 9-36% of the total dietary exposure of the highest dietary exposure groups; while across all age groups, a considerable amount was derived from canned tuna, contribution of canned fruits and canned coffee (milk-containing) was high for preschool-age children and adults, respectively. Notably, for adults, a substantial proportion also stemmed from beer packaged in cans. While diet contributed over 80% of aggregate exposure for most age groups, preschool-age children experienced 60% exposure through diet due to additional exposure from indoor dust. Even at the high exposure scenario, aggregate BPA exposure levels remained lower than the current tolerable daily intake (TDI) set by the Korean agency (20 μg/kg bw/day). Nevertheless, most Koreans were exposed to BPA levels surpassing the strictest TDI (0.2 ng/kg bw/day) set by the European Food Safety Authority.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1018-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}