Tomás Bagala, Adam Fibich, P. Kubinec, V. Stofanik
{"title":"Improvement of short-term frequency stability of the Chip Scale Atomic Clock","authors":"Tomás Bagala, Adam Fibich, P. Kubinec, V. Stofanik","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546746","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of the Chip Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) today gives great potential for wide range of strategic systems requiring superior long-term frequency stability. Compared to CSAC, an OCXO has many drawbacks, e.g. it has larger long-term frequency instabilities (aging rate), longer warm-up time and higher power consumption. On the other hand, the main disadvantage of the CSAC is the higher phase noise. In this paper we describe a method of improvement of the CSAC SA.45s short-term frequency stability (phase-noise) using an external OCXO (MTI 230-0827) syntonized to the CSAC. In the low power mode, the CSAC SA.45s consumes less than 20 mW of power; however it operates as simple TCXO and over a full operating temperature range, the frequency stability is limited to ±1 ppm. In the last part of the paper we introduce combined low power clock system that can achieve frequency stability ±0.01 ppm over a wide temperature range, while consuming similar power.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132140220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Delay measurements of PPS signals in timing systems","authors":"M. Siccardi, D. Rovera, S. Romisch","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7563588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7563588","url":null,"abstract":"The uncertainty of measurements in timing systems is a function not only of the quality of the instruments and system components (time interval counters, pulse distribution amplifiers, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, etc.) but also of the quality of the pulses carrying the timing information. This paper presents a study of the consequences of using pulse-per-second (PPS) signals in precise timing systems without properly considering their electrical characteristics. We discuss the effect of pulse shape, its distortion and instrument response on the measurement of time delay using PPS signals.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"62 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132192528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Tavella, I. Sesia, G. Cerretto, G. Signorile, D. Calonico, R. Costa, C. Clivati, E. Cantoni, C. De Stefano, M. Frittelli, V. Formichella, T. Widomski, J. Kaczmarek, J. Uzycki, K. Borgulski, P. Olbrysz, J. Kowalski, P. Cerabolini, E. Biserni, V. Leone, E. Zarroli, D. Sormani, A. Cernigliaro, F. Fiasca, A. Perucca, S. Mantero, P. Defraigne, N. Ozdemir, Q. Baire, V. Dhiri, M. T. Veiga, T. Suárez, J. Diaz, M. Gandara, V. Hamoniaux, M. Mangiantini, A. Wallin, E. Varriale, Q. Morante, L. Galleani
{"title":"Time dissemination services: The experimental results of the European H2020 DEMETRA project","authors":"P. Tavella, I. Sesia, G. Cerretto, G. Signorile, D. Calonico, R. Costa, C. Clivati, E. Cantoni, C. De Stefano, M. Frittelli, V. Formichella, T. Widomski, J. Kaczmarek, J. Uzycki, K. Borgulski, P. Olbrysz, J. Kowalski, P. Cerabolini, E. Biserni, V. Leone, E. Zarroli, D. Sormani, A. Cernigliaro, F. Fiasca, A. Perucca, S. Mantero, P. Defraigne, N. Ozdemir, Q. Baire, V. Dhiri, M. T. Veiga, T. Suárez, J. Diaz, M. Gandara, V. Hamoniaux, M. Mangiantini, A. Wallin, E. Varriale, Q. Morante, L. Galleani","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7563585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7563585","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015 and 2016 a European Consortium of 15 scientific and industrial partners from 8 different countries collaborates on the DEMETRA (DEMonstrator of EGNSS services based on Time Reference Architecture) project, funded by the European Union in the frame of the Horizon 2020 program, aimed at developing and experimenting time dissemination services based on the European GNSS. The project aims at being a prototype of an European time dissemination service, based on the timing signal of the Galileo system, adding particular features like - among the others - certification, calibration, or integrity, that could be of interest to a wide range of users belonging to different sectors as traffic control, energy distribution, finance, telecom, and scientific institutions. Nine time dissemination services are proposed. The project is under experimentation since March 2016, we report the first experimentation results of the system, showing potentialities and limits of the proposed services, aiming to foster the development and possibly standardization of the time dissemination services.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132704971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical comb frequency-controlled by rotating polarization state","authors":"Yanyan Zhang, Lulu Yan, S. Fan, Maoqiang Chen, Wenyu Zhao, Wenge Guo, Shougang Zhang, Haifeng Jiang","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546769","url":null,"abstract":"We report a control method to stabilize frequencies of a nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked laser by tuning polarization state with a home-made intra-cavity electro-optic modulator (EOM). The EOM rotates polarization state about 1.2 × 10-4 rad/v in ellipticity, and enables wide range frequency control of carrier-envelope-offset frequency (fceo) or repetition rate (fr). By stabilizing the fr, fceo and a comb teeth @ 1550 nm with the EOM respectively, we obtain that frequency control dynamic ranges increase at least one order in comparison with the traditional intra-cavity EOM technique. In additional, this technique exhibits less side-effect than traditional frequency control methods.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115689863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unshielded scalar magnetometer based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with amplitude modulated light","authors":"Wenhao Li, Xiang Peng, Songjian Li, Chuanfei Liu, Hong Guo, Pingwei Lin, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546761","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a high-sensitivity magnetometer with paraffin-coated Cs vapor cell based on amplitude modulated nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (AM NMOR) is presented. The magnetometer has a wide dynamic range which covers the geomagnetic field range and its operation is demonstrated in an unshielded environment. The sensitivity of the magnetometer has reached sub-pT level. The main limitation to the resonance linewidth and the sensitivity is nonlinear Zeeman splitting.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115916984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Rudy, J. Pulskamp, S. Bedair, J. Puder, R. Polcawich
{"title":"Piezoelectric disk flexure resonator with 1 dB loss","authors":"R. Rudy, J. Pulskamp, S. Bedair, J. Puder, R. Polcawich","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546788","url":null,"abstract":"Disk-flexure PZT-on-silicon resonators exhibited peak |S21| of 1 dB with insertion loss of 0.92 dB. Ferroelectric tuning of bandwidth (>50%), and coupling (>35%), are demonstrated with an insertion loss penalty of 0.6 dB. Power handling measurements showed less than 1 dB compression up to the +15 dBm limit of the network analyzer. The disk-flexure resonator was monolithically integrated with length extension resonators, allowing for varied coupling and quality factor with similar insertion loss, and figure of merit in the same wafer.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114424785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temperature and trim effect compensation of a VCXO using a multidimensional segmented polynomial array","authors":"J. Esterline, A. Snavely","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546745","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillators (VCXOs) are widely used and well known frequency control products. VCXOs are typically characterized by having wide frequency pulling ranges (greater than ±50ppm). These oscillators are also uncompensated for temperature performance. This means temperature performance of ±20ppm or more is typical over the industrial range of -40 to 85 °C. Trim effect is a skewing of the frequency versus temperature performance of a crystal oscillator as the frequency is pulled (trimmed) away from the oscillator's nominal frequency. Even though unwanted, the degradation of performance from trim effect is something generally accepted as a characteristic of VCXOs. This paper focuses on a method of compensating crystal oscillator temperature and trim effect using a multi-dimensional segmented polynomial array. The inherent trim effect has been reduced from approximately ±11ppm down to ±0.5ppm. This is a 22-fold improvement over the inherent performance. The theory of this compensation method will be discussed, and data showing the results of temperature and trim effect compensation on actual oscillators will be presented.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123562941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving manufacturability of FBAR filters on 200mm wafers","authors":"S. Mishin, Y. Oshmyansky","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546731","url":null,"abstract":"FBAR (thin film bulk acoustic resonator) filters are widely used in making filters for wireless applications [1]. Until recently, most of the FBAR filters were manufactured on 150mm wafers. In the last couple of years, manufacturing of the FBAR devices started moving onto 200mm wafers. Main reason to move from 150mm wafers to 200mm wafer is that area increases by a factor of about 1.8X. Unfortunately, if the edge exclusion has to be increased in order to avoid bad stress or thickness non-uniformity near the edge of the wafer, it reduces the advantages of the increased area. For example, if the edge exclusion is increased from 3mm to 10mm, it causes 14% yield reduction. This problem has inspired the investigation in the paper. One of the critical parameters for FBAR manufacture is AlN film stress, both, average and across a wafer. If stress varies too much, membranes can develop cracks or peel off. In BAW applications, that don't require stress control for structural reason, it is desirable to keep stress uniform across wafer in order to maintain tight distribution of coupling coefficient. Another critical parameter is film thickness. AlN (aluminum nitride) thickness control of +/-0.2% wafer-to-wafer and across wafer are important in order to obtain high yielding wafers. In this paper we will propose a way to obtain both stress control and film thickness uniformity. Independent stress control is obtained by carefully designing sputtering magnetron with variable magnetic field. Thickness uniformity is independently controlled by ion mill trimming module. By adjusting magnetic field and the length of the plasma discharge (positive plasma column), stress uniformity across 200mm wafer was maintained at less than +/-75MPa. Thickness control on 200mm wafers with only 3mm edge exclusion was demonstrated at <;0.2%.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123694397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On systematic uncertainties in UTC","authors":"D. Matsakis","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546765","url":null,"abstract":"The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) urrently computes the systematic uncertainties between Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the UTC(k), its realizations by participating labs k, using an algorithm that does not take into account the effects of the clock model in the computation of UTC. We present an algorithm that computes the systematic uncertainty for UTC-UTC(k) as the uncertainty of an optimal comparison between UTC(k) and all the other UTC realizations. The weights to be assigned to the links between lab k and each other lab are determined from a matrix calculation that incorporates the correlations between the links, and assures that the sum of the weights is unity via a Lagrange multiplier. We speculate that an iterative approach may be sufficient to allow for the effect of the uncertainties of each lab in the determination of the uncertainties of the other labs.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129062619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel UWB Balun: Application in 5G systems","authors":"A. Poddar, U. Rohde, V. Madhavan, S. Koul","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546747","url":null,"abstract":"A new UWB (ultra wideband) BALUN/180° Power Divider employing the broadband characteristics of microstrip - slotline transition is reported. The reported BALUN shows a wide bandwidth of 4GHz-45GHz, corresponding to a typical insertion loss of 4±1dB with an amplitude and phase imbalance of under ±1dB and ±7°, respectively. Simulation and measurement results of the design as well as those of the frequency mixers and doublers utilizing the BALUN show potential for use in 5G sub-systems. Results from the realization of the BALUN on LTCC substrates show superior performance on LTCC/Ceramic substrate which makes miniaturization possible without the need for a tradeoff with performance. Simulations with substrates like sapphire have shown the capability of the design to hold good up to 130GHz.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129199268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}