{"title":"Implementation of an optical fiber frequency distribution via commercial DWDM","authors":"S. Ebenhag, M. Zelan, P. Hedekvist, M. Karlsson","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7563586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7563586","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development in communication infrastructure over the past decades entails an increasing dependence on time and frequency, as well as its redundant distribution. This places demands not only on already existing distribution methods, but also on the development of new ones to meet future needs. To meet these demands several research groups are working on high performance fiber-based frequency transfer techniques. The best achieved performance so far is the techniques using a single bi-directional fiber connection, with customized bi-directional optical amplifiers [1]. The objective of this project is to develop a method that is compatible with data communication in DWDM-systems, i.e. using the existing infrastructure, as well as to be complementary technique for time and frequency distribution. Even though it is likely to have worse performance than the bi-directional system in terms of frequency stability, it will allow for the impassable obligation to follow the deployed structure of telecom networks. The establishment and early results of the non-stabilized link has been previously presented [2, 3]. The ongoing evaluation and improvement will be aimed at finding relevant performance specifications for a connection using this technique. The work presented here is the most recent results of the frequency transfer and discusses the future plans for the fiber connection, including the added time transfer method. If proven successful, the long-term objective is to establish a distribution network for optical frequency references in Sweden.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122983110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact photonic oscillator employing FP resonator based on travelling-waveguide-type EO modulator","authors":"Jian Dai, Gejun Xu, Xingyuan Xu, Yitang Dai, Feifei Yin, Yue Zhou, Jianqiang Li, Kun Xu","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546812","url":null,"abstract":"A novel compact optoelectronic oscillator employing Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator based on travelling-waveguide-type electro-optic (EO) modulator has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The EO modulator based FP resonator is used as the optical energy storage and mode selection elements, which can greatly reduce the system complexity by replacing long optical fiber and microwave narrow bandpass filter. The proposed OEO oscillates at 10 GHz in the proof-of-concept experiment, and the corresponding single-sideband phase noise can reach below -118 dBc/Hz at an offset of 1 MHz.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124631798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuejuan Jing, Wei Guang, Huijie Song, S. Dong, Hong Zhang, Huanxin Li, Haibo Yuan, Z. Shuhong, Jihai Zhang
{"title":"The influence of antenna direction on TWSTFT","authors":"Yuejuan Jing, Wei Guang, Huijie Song, S. Dong, Hong Zhang, Huanxin Li, Haibo Yuan, Z. Shuhong, Jihai Zhang","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546831","url":null,"abstract":"The two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) is the most accurate time synchronization method currently. Antenna is an indispensable element and plays an important role in the earth station of TWSTFT, its direction has a definite effect on the signal quality and performance in TWSTFT. In this paper, some preliminary test results are introduced by using the new TWSTFT system of Ku band with a 2.4 meters tracking antenna in National Time Service Center (NTSC). Through the experiment, we have obtained some data according to different antenna direction, by the analysis we can know: the change of azimuth angle is more sensitive than elevation angle during receiving the signal; in theory, the biggest deviation of azimuth angle should be symmetrical in both sides and asymmetric actually, the deviation of elevation angle is also. The deviation is the angle apart from the pointing of antenna at which receiving signal is the best. It can offer a powerful reference for antenna pointing deviation in earth station of TWSTFT and provide theoretical foundation for the antenna direction and high precision time transfer and synchronization.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115919093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chun-You Liu, Ming-Huang Li, Chao-Yu Chen, Sheng-Shian Li
{"title":"An ovenized CMOS-MEMS oscillator with isothermal resonator and sub-mW heating power","authors":"Chun-You Liu, Ming-Huang Li, Chao-Yu Chen, Sheng-Shian Li","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546792","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports an ultra-low-power temperature-compensated CMOS-MEMS oscillator based on an uniform temperature design that ensures low temperature gradient of the proposed resonator to attain high frequency stability. The oven heating efficiency greater than 140°C/mW is achieved in this work by a proper thermal isolation design. In addition, the lowest temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) of 2.84 ppm/°C is also accomplished through a passive temperature compensation scheme. The performance of the ovenized oscillator is evaluated by Allan deviation where the frequency instability of 95 ppb / 32 ppb is characterized for the oven on/off conditions, respectively, which is on par with state-of-the-art silicon-based MEMS oscillators.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115002595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detailed problems in cesium active optical clock","authors":"D. Pan, Xiaobo Xue, Jingbiao Chen","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546773","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we get through some work to solve a detailed problem of the cesium active optical clock. With 459 nm laser pumping, the exact hyperfine energy levels between which the stimulated emission of Cs active optical clock takes place are studied.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115446902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guofeng Chen, C. Cassella, Z. Qian, G. Hummel, M. Rinaldi
{"title":"Aluminum Nitride cross-sectional Lamé mode resonators with 260 MHz lithographic tuning capability and high kt2 > 4%","authors":"Guofeng Chen, C. Cassella, Z. Qian, G. Hummel, M. Rinaldi","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7563549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7563549","url":null,"abstract":"We experimentally demonstrate Aluminum Nitride (AlN) cross-sectional Lamé mode resonators (CLMRs) operating in the microwave frequency range and showing high Qkt2 products (FoM) in excess of 85. Such feature enables low motional resistance (Rm) values (37 Ω) in CLMRs characterized by low static capacitance (Co) approaching 66 fF. In addition, the ability of CLMRs to simultaneously achieve high kt2 (> 4%) and a lithographic frequency tunability (> 260 MHz around 900 MHz) is experimentally demonstrated, for the first time, in this work. Such important feature renders CLMRs promising candidates to replace off-chip Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices in lithographically defined filters for next-generation wireless communication platforms.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117237370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Bassignot, G. Haye, F. Henrot, L. Gauthier-Manuel, B. Guichardaz, H. Maillotte, S. Ballandras, E. Courjon, J. Lesage
{"title":"New radio-frequency resonators based on periodically poled lithium niobate thin film and ridge structures","authors":"F. Bassignot, G. Haye, F. Henrot, L. Gauthier-Manuel, B. Guichardaz, H. Maillotte, S. Ballandras, E. Courjon, J. Lesage","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546793","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present new results on the development of an original acoustic waveguides concept based on a Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate transducer. Periodically poled transducers have been investigated recently as an alternative to classical inter-digital transducers for the excitation and detection of guided acoustic waves. We expose here two different structures of RF resonators based on this concept: a “Silicon/Gold layer/PPLN thin film/Gold layer/Silicon” stack and a PPLN-ridge structure. Simulations, fabrication and experimental results of both resonators are presented. “Si/10 μm-thick PPLN/Si” and “PPLN-ridge (11 μm-wide and 250 μm-deep)” resonators with a poling period of 50 μm have been achieved. The experimental admittances of these devices have pointed out the existence of an isolated mode operating at frequencies near 110 MHz for the stack structure and near 160 MHz with an electromechanical coupling of about 19 % for the ridge structure. These results are in agreement with the finite and boundary elements simulations.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126038978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Sobreviela, M. Riverola, A. Uranga, N. Barniol, E. Marigó, M. Soundara-Pandian
{"title":"Passive temperature compensation method in nonlinear NEMS resonators based on the nonlinear duffing effect","authors":"G. Sobreviela, M. Riverola, A. Uranga, N. Barniol, E. Marigó, M. Soundara-Pandian","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546800","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the experimental study of the frequency thermal dependence of a DETF NEMS resonator operated in the nonlinear regime. We show that the linear dependence of the DETF resonator (251 ppm/°C) is compensated just by operating the resonator in the nonlinear regime, improving the thermal stability of the resonance frequency from 10100 ppm to 1600 ppm, over a temperature range from -40°C to 0°C. As a result, a new technique to passively compensate the thermal dependence of the resonance frequency in M/NEMS resonators is proposed.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mitigation of AO spurious modes in AlN MEMS resonators with SiO2 addendums","authors":"A. Gao, Ruochen Lu, S. Gong","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7563550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7563550","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an AO spurious mode mitigation technique for Aluminum Nitride (AlN) laterally vibrating resonators (LVRs). The technique attaches two identical SiO2 addendums to the lateral edges of the suspended AlN resonator body to shift the asymmetrical (AO) spurious modes away from the intended SO mode vibration. The AlN resonators with SiO2 addendums have been investigated theoretically with finite element analyses (FEAs) and validated experimentally. The measured response of the fabricated devices has shown successful mitigation of AO spurious mode without the compromise of electromechanical coupling, kt2, and quality factor Q.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115579862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thick aluminum nitride contour-mode resonators mitigate thermoelastic damping","authors":"C. Cassella, G. Piazza","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546790","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that the use of thick AlN films in Very-High-Frequency (VHF) contour-mode resonators (CMRs) enables a reduction of thermoelastic damping (TED) occurring in the metallic layers sandwiching the AlN film. This technique leads to a large improvement of the device quality factor (Q increase >72%) with respect to thin-film counterparts, resulting into the highest Q ever measured in air (4980) for CMRs operating in the same frequency range. This novel approach to reduce TED in AlN CMRs simultaneously enables a similar Q but a five times larger kt2 than previously demonstrated AlN resonators using electrodes suspended over the AlN film.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124716787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}