Experimental Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparative effects of posterior versus total corpus callosotomy in a PTZ-induced rat model of epilepsy: a methodological pilot study.","authors":"Vitória Bernal Cavalcanti, Larissa Matsusako, Luciana Canabarro, Fábio Nakabashi, Filipe Feitosa, Willy Marcus Gomes França, Paulo Henrique Pires de Aguiar","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07375-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07375-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corpus callosotomy is a palliative procedure for drug-resistant generalized epilepsy. Posterior callosotomy (PC) may preserve prefrontal fibres while offering seizure control comparable to total callosotomy (TC), but experimental comparisons are scarce. This pilot evaluated the acute behavioural effects of PC versus TC in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling rat model. Fourteen adult male Wistar rats (500-700 g) underwent PTZ kindling (37.5 mg/kg, i.p.; seven sessions in two blocks with a 22-day drug-free interval); the eleven survivors were randomized to PC (n = 5) or TC (n = 6). Seizures were graded with the revised Racine scale. One week after surgery, a PTZ rechallenge was performed. Within- and between-group comparisons used t-tests or non-parametric equivalents (α = 0.05); callosal sectioning was verified histologically post-mortem. No significant within- or between-group differences in seizure duration were found for any Racine category (all p > 0.05; between-group p 0.174-0.486); a post-hoc analysis indicated only very large effects (Cohen's d ≈ 1.9) were detectable at 80% power. Histology gave morphological support for an in-vivo callosal lesion (haemorrhage and reactive gliosis) in the transected territory, though prolonged fixation limited evaluation in many specimens. Neither technique produced statistically detectable acute changes in PTZ-evoked seizure duration; given the pilot's limited sensitivity, the findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating. Because PTZ generalization depends largely on subcortical pathways, this model appears suboptimal for isolating callosal contributions; adequately powered studies in chronic focal epilepsy models, with electrophysiological monitoring and longer follow-up, are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal sensitivity and perceived timing in unimodal and crossmodal isochronous sequences.","authors":"Min Susan Li, Massimiliano Di Luca","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07371-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07371-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temporal judgments depend on sequence regularity and on the sensory modality in which events occur. We asked whether modality-specific sequence history and across-trial modality context make distinct contributions to temporal sensitivity and perceived timing in isochrony judgments. Participants judged whether the sixth event in a six-item sequence occurred earlier or later than expected. The first five events were auditory or visual; the final event either matched this modality or switched modality. The four sequence types were presented either in separate blocks or randomly interleaved across trials; this manipulation is referred to as presentation mode. Temporal sensitivity, indexed by the just noticeable difference (JND), was better for auditory than for visual sequences and better for modality-consistent than for modality-inconsistent sequences. Effects involving presentation mode were treated as descriptive because this factor was between participants and confounded with hardware settings. Perceived timing, indexed by the point of subjective equality (PSE), showed large shifts for modality-switch endings in the interleaved group. The results support a dissociation between sequence-related effects on temporal sensitivity and context-dependent biases in perceived timing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using vibrotactile cues as a method of reducing cybersickness in younger and older adults.","authors":"Katharina M T Pöhlmann, Behrang Keshavarz","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07367-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07367-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cybersickness is a common sensation when using Virtual Reality (VR) technologies resulting in nausea, headache, eyestrain, and disorientation. Here, we investigated whether providing vibration cues to the user's torso can provide a multisensory VR experience that increases the sense of presence in VR while also mitigating cybersickness in younger and older adults. A total of N = 111 healthy volunteers (62 younger, 49 older) participated in this study. Participants were engaged in a VR game that passively moved them through a virtual scene. During the VR task, participants were equipped with a vibration vest including 40 actuators and were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: vibration matching the visual scene (directed vibration), vibration not matching the visual scene (undirected vibration), or no vibration at all (control group). Cybersickness was measured using the SSQ and the FMS. Overall, younger adults reported significantly more cybersickness compared to older adults. With regards to vibration, the results differed between age groups. While no differences between the vibration conditions were found for older adults, directed vibration resulted in lower cybersickness scores compared to undirected vibration in younger adults. No relationship between presence and cybersickness was found. Our results suggest that vibration cues may have a beneficial effect on cybersickness for younger adults, and it is worth further exploring how vibration may be optimized to further reduce cybersickness in VR users.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodic and aperiodic components during shooting preparation and pre-/post-task resting states: a spectral parameterization study.","authors":"Xinyu Shi, Ting Shi, Yijing Liu, Mingge Kang, Xiuyan Hu, Anmin Gong","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07374-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07374-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional band-power analysis conflates the periodic and aperiodic components of neural activity. The present study applied spectral parameterization to separate these two components in order to characterize the neural activity of the shooting preparation phase and of the pre- and post-task resting states. A total of 28 proficient shooters were ultimately included and completed shooting tasks under three conditions-Hostage-Rescue, Long-Range, and Close-Range. EEG signals were recorded during the preparation phase of each condition and during the eyes-closed resting states before and after the task. Spectral parameterization was employed to extract the aperiodic exponent, the aperiodic offset, and the periodic oscillatory power within the theta, alpha, and beta bands, as well as their summed power. Exploratory analyses were subsequently conducted from three perspectives: the shooting preparation phase across different conditions, comparisons between high- and low-performance groups, and pre- versus post-task resting states, with resting-state functional connectivity additionally examined. The spectral-parameterization metrics revealed no significant differences among the three conditions at the whole-brain or electrode level. After grouping trials by shooting performance metrics, differences that were condition-dependent and metric-specific emerged. Compared with the pre-task resting-state, the aperiodic exponent of the post-task resting state was significantly lower, whereas the periodic oscillatory power of the theta band was significantly higher. Spectral parameterization can separate the periodic and aperiodic components of shooting EEG. In this study, no significant neural differences were detected among the preparation phases of the three conditions, and the differences obtained by grouping trials according to performance were condition-dependent and metric-specific, remaining exploratory findings that await validation. Changes in the post-task resting-state EEG suggest that brain activity did not recover immediately, possibly in relation to post-task changes in excitatory dominance and mental fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haptic signals enhance vestibular self-motion perception and reduces vestibular misperception.","authors":"V E Pettorossi, M Faralli, V Marcelli, A Ferraresi, M Guardabassi, C Occhigrossi, F M Botti","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07360-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07360-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether haptic contact modulates vestibular-induced self-motion perception and reduces perceptual errors caused by asymmetric vestibular stimulation. Fifteen healthy right-handed participants underwent asymmetric sinusoidal whole-body rotations about the vertical axis in darkness, consisting of half-cycles with equal amplitudes but different velocities, a paradigm known to induce errors in the localization of a previously memorized visual target. This error, quantified as the final position error (FPE), mainly results from reduced self-motion perception during the slower half-cycle. Under vestibular-only conditions, a large FPE was observed after four cycles. To investigate the influence of haptic input, participants touched a spatially fixed object with either the right or the left hand during asymmetric rotation The object was placed either at the body midline or in the right or left hemispace. Haptic contact significantly reduced the vestibular induced FPE, by enhancing perception of the slow self-motion, likely through proprioceptive input from the upper limb. The strongest improvement was observed when participants used the right hand to contact an object in the right hemispace, with smaller reductions occurring with right-hand contact at the midline or in the left hemispace. The effect was less pronounced with left-hand contact. Importantly, although haptic contact markedly reduced vestibular-induced perceptual errors, it did not abolish the underlying vestibular adaptive process responsible for the FPE. In conclusion, haptic contact significantly mitigates vestibular-induced self-motion misperception, with effects depending on both hand laterality and contact location.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of prism adaptation and virtual-tilted environment on straight-ahead and verticality perception in healthy individuals: evidence for dissociated 2D spatial coordinate systems.","authors":"Rémi Lafitte, Eve Dupierrix, Aurélien Hugues, Gilles Rode, Dominic Pérennou","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07302-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07302-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ego-centred straight-ahead (SA) and gravity-centred visual vertical (VV) constitute important reference frames for perception and action. Clinical studies have shown a strong association between SA and VV representational biases following right hemispheric stroke, suggesting that the brain builds 3D representations referenced to the body in the horizontal plane and to gravity in the frontal plane. Here, we tackled this hypothesis in 37 right-handed healthy individuals (median age 20 years; 23 [62%] females) by testing whether prism adaptation (PA) and immersion in a tilted virtual environment (VTE) could bias both SA and VV orientations in a congruent, co-dependent manner. Each participant underwent a session of right or left PA (optic shift: ± 10°) and VTE (tilt: ± 18°). Pre- and post-test SA and VV orientations were measured in darkness by asking participants to point straight-ahead and to adjust a luminous line to the vertical, respectively. VV was also measured during VTE immersion. For PA, the expected post-effect on SA orientation (changes≈3.5°; ANOVA, p < 10^-6, n_p² = 0.43) did not extent to VV orientation (changes < 0.4°, p = .10, n_p² = 0.07). For VTE, we found a strong effect on VV orientation during the immersion (changes≈12°; p < 10^-6, n_p² = 0.93), and up to 4-5 min after VTE arrest, with a mild post-effect (≈1.5°). No VTE post-effects was found on SA orientation (changes < 0.8°, p = .66, n_p² = 0.01), even just after VTE arrest (< 1°). These patterns of dissociations suggests that verticality and straight-ahead representations were independent, which supports the view that the brain represents space by using dissociated and dynamic 2D coordinate systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of catastrophizing in anxiety and depression symptom scores among knee osteoarthritis patients: a multimodal assessment with EEG and machine learning.","authors":"Jordan Vieira, Marta Imamura, Linamara R Battistella, Felipe Fregni, Lucas Murrins Marques","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07368-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07368-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine dimensional associations between anxiety- and depression-related symptom severity, pain catastrophizing, and resting-state EEG features in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Resting-state EEG spectral power (delta, theta, alpha, beta) was analysed in 62 KOA patients from the DEFINE cohort. Emotional symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), along with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and clinical-demographic variables. Multivariate regression analyses identified significant predictors, while linear and tree-based machine learning models were used post hoc to explore whether multivariate and non-linear approaches converged with the regression findings. Catastrophizing was independently and significantly associated with both anxiety and depression symptom scores across regression and exploratory machine learning models. For depression, a multifactorial pattern was additionally observed: higher bilateral parietal delta power, greater catastrophizing, lower education, and greater body weight showed independent associations with more severe symptom scores. Machine learning analyses indicated that EEG features were weak standalone correlates but showed modest complementary associations when combined with clinical variables. Pain catastrophizing was consistently associated with both anxiety and depression symptom scores, and resting-state EEG features showed limited but complementary associations with depressive symptom scores in KOA. Importantly, these associations were observed within a sample presenting predominantly subclinical HADS scores, and findings should be interpreted as reflecting dimensional associations within a rehabilitation cohort rather than clinical anxiety or depressive disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13427779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying postural responses to galvanic vestibular stimulation for a four-electrode montage.","authors":"Gaurav N Pradhan, Sarah E Kingsbury, Jan Stepanek, Michael J Cevette","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07372-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07372-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Standing balance is maintained through the integration of signals from the proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular systems. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) delivered through head-worn electrodes is increasingly used in clinical vestibular rehabilitation and immersive entertainment interfaces, but it is known to impact on-feet postural stability. Prior studies assessing balance and postural effects have predominantly focused on bilateral mastoid-based uniaxial GVS paradigms. Limited research has characterized balance metrics under multiaxial GVS configurations using four-electrode montages generating multiple directional stimulation paradigms. Standing balance was assessed in healthy participants with eyes closed using a dual force-plate system to record center-of-pressure (COP) dynamics. Participants were exposed to six randomized GVS stimulation conditions across four electrodes placed on the left and right mastoids, center forehead, and nape of the neck, while static, dynamic sway, and velocity-based COP features were extracted to characterize postural responses. GVS significantly altered static, dynamic sway, and velocity-based balance measures compared with the Null condition across six stimulation paradigms. All GVS stimulations increased COP displacement, sway length, sway area, and peak velocities, while reducing sway density metrics across mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) axes. These findings provide an early quantitative characterization of postural responses to an unconventional GVS montage and create a foundation for predicting body motion during multiaxial vestibular stimulations. Such insights are important for the safe application of GVS in standing and ambulatory contexts, including clinical vestibular rehabilitation and immersive simulation environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tai Chi training is associated with altered neural resource allocation in temporal information maintenance.","authors":"Chenyu Guo, Yiran Deng, Ziyi Cao, Jie Zhang, Zhijie Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07370-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07370-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tai Chi is a traditional mind-body exercise characterized by highly stylized, low‑intensity movements that emphasize the memorization and execution of complex sequences while cultivating inner tranquility. The present study examined the association between Tai Chi training and time perception, along with the potential neurocognitive correlates underlying this relationship. Using a temporal comparison task combined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings, we compared behavioral performance and neural activity between Tai Chi practitioners and non-practitioners across three stages of temporal processing: encoding, retention, and decision. Behaviorally, Tai Chi practitioners exhibited a significantly smaller point of subjective equality (PSE) than non-practitioners, indicating a systematic tendency toward temporal overestimation. ERP results further revealed that Tai Chi practitioners showed significantly reduced LPC amplitudes during the retention stage, suggesting altered neural resource allocation in maintaining temporal information. In contrast, no significant group differences were observed in CNV amplitudes during either the encoding or decision stages. These findings reveal a stage‑specific pattern: group differences emerged during the retention stage, but not during encoding or decision stages. This pattern suggests that the neurocognitive correlates associated with Tai Chi practice may differ from those reported for other forms of exercise. Future research is needed to further elucidate the neurocognitive mechanisms through which Tai Chi practice is associated with cognitive function, and to explore the reasons why these mechanisms may differ from those observed in other exercise modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148591079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media multitasking and the aesthetic brain: neural sensitivity to abstraction in the digital age.","authors":"Jie Zhang, Yiran Deng, Chenyu Guo, Ziyi Cao, Shiwei Liu, Zhijie Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07369-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07369-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human aesthetic preferences are dynamic and evolve over time. In the contemporary era of rapidly advancing media technologies, media multitasking has become increasingly prevalent, exerting profound influences on cognitive functioning. Since aesthetic experience arises from underlying cognitive processes, this study investigates how media multitasking affects individuals' aesthetic processing. Participants classified as heavy (HMM), intermediate (IMM), and light media multitaskers (LMM) assessed the beauty of representational and abstract images. The three groups exhibited distinct neural dynamics during aesthetic processing. Specifically, HMM exhibited a larger P2 amplitude and a smaller N400 amplitude for abstract compared to representational images, indicating heightened sensory processing for abstract images and more semantic retrieval for representational images. Furthermore, HMM showed a larger LPP amplitude for abstract images during both early and middle stages. For IMM, this effect was limited to the early stage, while LMM showed no significant differences across stages. These findings indicate that media multitasking may enhance the aesthetic processing of complex or ambiguous stimuli by facilitating the extraction and evaluation of relevant information. This research contributes to the neurobiological understanding of aesthetics in the media multitasking age and underscores the importance of considering evolving cognitive styles in anticipating future artistic trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148591066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}