F1000Research最新文献

{"title":"Review the role of oxygen-delivering nanobubbles in stroke therapy: A novel approach.","authors":"Hamzah Hamzah, Suryanti Suryanti, Idris Adewale Ahmed, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Abdullah Machin, Aditya Tri Hernowo","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.162742.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.162742.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. The advent of nanotechnology, particularly oxygen-delivering nanobubbles (ODNBs), has introduced a promising avenue for enhancing stroke therapy. ODNBs have demonstrated the ability to improve oxygen delivery, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and provide diagnostic advantages through imaging contrast enhancement. However, challenges such as toxicity, off-target effects, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed before clinical translation. This review synthesizes the latest findings on ODNBs in stroke therapy, highlights their key benefits and challenges, and explores future applications, including gene therapy and brain tissue regeneration. By addressing these aspects, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of ODNBs in revolutionizing stroke treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Security inequalities in Non-EU European Countries: A Cross-National Comparative Assessment Using an Integrated MCDM-Machine Learning Approach.","authors":"Mijahed Nasser Aljober, Adel A Nasser, Abed Saif Ahmed Alghawli, Amani A K Elsayed","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.163662.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.163662.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In an increasingly interconnected world, the effectiveness of health security (HeS) is pivotal in shaping informed health policies and enhancing public health outcomes. This study aims to analyses HeS in 27 non-EU European countries, identifying key priorities and trends, benchmarking against African and Eastern Mediterranean regions (EMR), and ranking and clustering health security performance to inform targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing 2019, 2021, and aggregated 2017-2021 data from six Global Health Security Index indicators, this study applied an integrated Entropy-CoCoSo-K-means framework. The Entropy method was employed to identify health security (HeS) priorities and trends in Non-EU countries, enabling cross-regional comparisons with African and EMR regions to highlight priority shifts and disparities. The Entropy-CoCoSo (Combined Compromise Solution) model generated dynamic rankings, while K-means clustering categorized countries into five risk clusters (high to dangerous). This integration facilitated cross-national dynamic rankings and cluster analyses, informing targeted interventions across Non-EU countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Entropy analysis reveals that detection and reporting emerged as the most critical indicator (weight: 0.388), reflecting disparities in surveillance. The risk environment remains minimally influential (0.067), highlighting consistent vulnerabilities to external threats. Compliance with norms shows a sharp rise (0.091 → 0.123), indicating emerging regulatory gaps or uneven adherence to health standards post-2019. Cross-regional comparisons highlighted a focus on detection and reporting in non-EU countries versus an emphasis on prevention in Africa and healthcare infrastructure prioritization in the EMR. Ranking and clustering revealed stark disparities: Armenia, Norway, and the UK consistently ranked \"High,\" In contrast, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Tajikistan (Cluster 5: \"Dangerous\") exhibited systemic weaknesses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the need for tailored policies to address non-EU Europe's evolving HeS challenges. Harmonizing surveillance systems, scaling preventive measures, and bridging compliance gaps are critical. Regional collaboration and resource reallocation to low-performing nations are essential to mitigate disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomy support in higher education: a key strategy for the well-being of university students.","authors":"David Pineda, Jose Eduardo Lozano-Jimenez, Juan Antonio Moreno-Murcia","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.144803.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.144803.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Amid changing social dynamics, the world of higher education faces, among other challenges, the growing impact on the mental health of students. In this scenario, the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) highlights the important role of autonomy support as it generates positive effects on students' motivation and well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study tests the predictive capacity of the teacher's interpersonal style of autonomy support in a higher education institution, in relation to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, autonomous motivation and depressive symptoms. A sample composed of 356 Spanish university students of which 237 were male (66.57%) from different grades and courses, aged between 17 and 57 years ( <i>M</i> = 20.83; <i>SD</i> = 3.44), from middle socioeconomic strata, was used, and selected through purposive sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the analysis of structural equations, the results showed that the teacher's interpersonal style of autonomy support positively predicted: the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and autonomous motivation; but negatively depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The model describes the possible importance of promoting the teacher's interpersonal style of autonomy support in higher education as a protective factor for well-being and mental health. These findings highlight the importance of motivational strategies that higher education teachers must implement to promote student motivation and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal and external risk factors analysis on pilot precondition in Indonesia.","authors":"Inne Yuliawati, Budi Sampurna, Tjhin Wiguna, Imam Subekti, Aria Kekalih, Widura Imam Mustopo, Hervita Diatri, Wawan Mulyawan","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.163883.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.163883.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pilot errors and preconditions are major concerns that affected by multiple factors physiologically, psychologically and psychosocially. This study aimed to analyse the correlation between the internal and external risk factors, and pilot preconditions in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling, directed to male pilots who had flight duty in the past seven days, underwent medical examination at the Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta, August 12-16, 2024. The data were collected through a self-report questionnaire, Trail Making Test A and B, laboratory tests (plasma lipid, fasting blood glucose), and physical measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure). The independent variables divided into internal factors (Age, Burnout, Metabolic Syndrome parameters); and external factors (Flight Time, Duty Time, Unscheduled Flight Duty, Number of Sectors, Sleep Duration). The dependent variables were pilot preconditions based on the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 122 participants participated and 28.7% had an Unscheduled Flight Duty in the last 30 days. Significant correlations were found between Adverse Mental State and HDL-Cholesterol (95%CI=1.52-5.80), Adverse Physiological State and Burnout [Personal (95%CI=0.005-0,04), Work-Related (95%CI=0.009-0.042)], Physical Mental Limitation and Fasting Blood Glucose (95%CI=(-0.479)-(-0.071)), Number of Sectors (95%CI=0.022-3.001). For Personal Readiness (PR), significant correlation was found between PR-Psychological Demand and Flight-Time One Year (95%CI=(0.000-0.001), Sleep Duration (95%CI=(-0.137)-(-0.013)), Waist Circumference (95%CI=(-0.014)-(-0.002)), PR-Social Support and Sleep Duration (95%IK=0.018-0.207), Client-Related Burnout (95%IK=(-0.011)-(-0.002)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The internal factors that correlated with pilot preconditions in Indonesia were Waist Circumference, HDL-Cholesterol, Fasting Blood Glucose, Personal Burnout, Work, and Client-related burnout. External factors that correlated with pilot preconditions were the Number of Sectors, Flight-Time One Year and Sleep duration. These findings emphasize the need to address physical and mental health aspects of pilots to enhance aviation safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Smart Restaurant Research: Bibliometric Review and Research Agenda.","authors":"Alejandro Valencia-Arias, Sebastián Cardona-Acevedo, Ezequiel Martínez Rojas, Juana Ramírez Dávila, Paula Rodriguez-Correa, Lucia Palacios-Moya, Renata Teodori de la Puente, Erica Agudelo-Ceballos, Martha Benjumea-Arias","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.158066.4","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.158066.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The automation of processes and services has transformed various industries, including the restaurant sector. Technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and big data have been increasingly adopted to enhance service delivery, improve user experiences, and enable data traceability. By collecting user feedback and analyzing sentiments, these technologies facilitate decision-making and offer predictive insights into future food preferences. This study aims to explore current research trends in intelligent restaurants, focusing on technological applications that improve service and decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bibliometric analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. A total of 94 academic documents were reviewed from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, focusing on publications related to intelligent restaurant systems, particularly involving IoT and automation technologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that the United States, India, and China have contributed the most to the field, with a particular emphasis on China's implementation of IoT architecture and robotics in restaurant settings. Chinese restaurant innovations, particularly in robotics, are among the most frequently cited in the literature. The study identifies these countries as leading the research in the intelligent restaurant domain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Technologies such as IoT, machine learning, RFID, and big data are driving advancements in restaurant automation, enhancing service efficiency and user experience. The United States, India, and China are leading research in this area, with China standing out for its application of robotics and IoT in restaurants. This research provides a foundation for future studies aimed at improving predictive models for food selection and service optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The most prevalent perceived barriers to sharing research data at the point of manuscript acceptance in health and life sciences: a survey at the University of Bristol.","authors":"Rrita Bajraktari, Fiona Booth, Marcus Munafo, Nicholas Beazley-Long","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.161819.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.161819.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sharing research data is critical for study validation and reuse, yet challenges persist across disciplines, such as psychology ¹ and biomedical science ². While global initiatives promote open science, understanding localized barriers in specific academic contexts is vital to implementing effective solutions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the most prevalent perceived barriers and reasons that prevent the sharing of research data underlying manuscripts, at the point of their acceptance for publication, within the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences (FHLS) at the University of Bristol, a research-intensive university in the UK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We distributed a comprehensive survey to FHLS researchers, addressing logistical, technical, and cultural challenges. A total of 143 participants provided insights into their experiences with data sharing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary obstacles identified were time constraints and the complexity of the preparation process, with 34% reporting they \"usually\" or \"always\" lack sufficient time to adequately prepare their data for sharing. Additional barriers included not having the rights to share (27%), insufficient technical support (15%), and limited incentives within research teams. Moreover, qualitative responses highlighted a lack of confidence in data sharing infrastructure and guidance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to enhance data-sharing practices. Solutions should prioritize data preparation processes, clarify data ownership policies, and offer tailored training programs. Integrating data-sharing requirements into research workflows from the outset could significantly alleviate these challenges. Our study provides actionable recommendations to inform the development of resources and infrastructure that support a culture of open science within the FHLS at the University of Bristol.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology for generating chorioallantoic membrane patient-derived xenograft (CAM-PDX) models of pleural mesothelioma and performing preclinical imaging for the translation of cancer studies and drug screening.","authors":"Jan Schulze, Sarah Barnett, Liam Shaw, Anne Herrmann, Harish Poptani, Doris M Rassl, Alexander Haragan, Michael Shackcloth, Joseph J Sacco, Judy M Coulson","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.163596.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.163596.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer of the lung lining associated with asbestos exposure. Platinum/pemetrexed chemotherapy has been used for many years but provides little benefit and, despite recent immunotherapy advances, prognosis remains poor underpinning the need for development of novel therapeutics or drug repurposing. Fertilized hens' eggs provide a rapid and cost-effective alternative to murine models of pleural mesothelioma which are commonly used in preclinical studies, with chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenografts being a partial replacement for mouse flank xenografts. Here we describe methods to generate mesothelioma patient-derived xenografts on the CAM (CAM-PDX), and to subsequently assess these PDX nodules by preclinical imaging and histology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fragments of surplus mesothelioma tissue obtained from patient biopsies were implanted onto the CAM on embryonic day 7 (E7), fresh or following cryopreservation, with the established PDX dissected on E14 and fixed for histological/immunohistochemical analysis. The optimal freezing method was determined by comparing tissue integrity and cellular content of cryopreserved tissue fragments with paired fresh samples via histological/immunohistochemical analyses. [ ¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) was used to assess viability of PDXs <i>in ovo.</i></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Methodologies for processing, cryopreservation, re-animation, and engraftment of mesothelioma tissue fragments were established. Cryopreservation of biopsy samples and parallel processing of contiguous sections allows for assessment of mesothelioma cellularity. CAM-PDXs, generated from fresh or slow-frozen tissue, were well vascularized whilst maintaining the architecture and cellular composition of the patient tissue. Furthermore, uptake of [ ¹⁸F]-FDG following intravenous injection could be visualized and quantified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CAM is a rapid platform for engrafting patient-derived tissue, maintaining elements of the tumor microenvironment and recapitulating heterogeneity observed in mesothelioma. Combining the CAM-PDX model and FDG-PET/CT provides a quantitative <i>in vivo</i> platform for pre-screening of novel treatment strategies and drug combinations, with the potential for development of patient tumor avatars for predicting clinical response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study.","authors":"Passent Ellakany, Yousif A Al-Dulaijan, Nourhan M Aly, Turki Alshehri, Shahad T Alameer, Sultan Akhtar, Laila Al Dehailan","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.157128.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.157128.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined the effect of thermocycling on the flexural strength properties of four CAD/CAM ceramic materials at different thicknesses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four CAD/CAM ceramics of different types: advanced lithium disilicate (ALD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) lithium disilicate (LD), and leucite reinforced (LE), and at three varying thicknesses 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm were examined. After subjecting all specimens to 5000 thermal cycles, flexural strength was determined using a universal testing apparatus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for analysis. Two factorial ANOVA models assessed the association of different factors (ceramic type and thickness) with flexural strength and elastic modulus. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted means were computed. A p-value < 0.05 was designated significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZLS exhibited the highest flexural strength at 1.5 mm thickness, while LD showed the highest Young's modulus of elasticity. The lowest flexural strength was observed in the 0.5 mm thickness group of all tested groups. There were notable variations in flexural strength across all ceramic materials, with the highest adjusted mean strength in the ZLS group, ALD, LD, and LE, respectively. Additionally, significant differences were noted in ceramic thickness, with 1.5 mm thickness showing the highest strength and 0.5 mm thickness the lowest.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ceramic material thickness significantly impacts flexural strength, with 1.5 mm thickness deemed suitable for posterior restorations. Ceramic materials with zirconia fillers or matrix demonstrated higher flexural strength than other ceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of Apigenin from Sungkai ( <i>Peronema canescens</i>) Leaves and Its Immunomodulatory Effects: An In Vivo Study on Granzyme B, Interferon-γ, and Perforin Expression with Supporting In Silico Analysis.","authors":"Dwisari Dillasamola, Yufri Aldi, Najmiatul Fitria, Biomechy Oktomalioputri, Uce Lestari, Risma Multia","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.167153.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.167153.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Paronema canescens</i> Jack., commonly known as sungkai, is a medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia, particularly abundant in the forests of Sumatra and Borneo, Indonesia. Traditionally, sungkai has been used to treat various ailments, likely due to its rich content of bioactive secondary metabolites. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of compounds from sungkai leaves based on in silico and in vivo analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Apigenin was isolated from <i>Paronema canescens</i> leaves via ethanol extraction, liquid-liquid partitioning, and chromatographic purification, then characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Molecular docking was conducted using MOE software to assess apigenin's binding to granzyme B, perforin, and IFN-γ, with levamisole as a reference. In vivo, 25 male mice were randomized into five groups and administered apigenin (1, 25, or 50 mg/kg BW) intramuscularly for seven days, alongside COVID-19 vaccination. Granzyme B and IFN-γ serum levels were quantified using ELISA. Statistical analysis employed one-way ANOVA with Duncan's test ( <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>in silico</i> analysis demonstrated that apigenin exhibited favorable binding affinities and multiple stabilizing interactions with granzyme B, perforin, and interferon-γ, supporting its potential role in enhancing cellular immune responses through direct molecular modulation of key cytotoxic effector proteins. To assess its immunostimulatory activity in vivo, apigenin was orally administered to mice ( <i>Mus musculus</i>) at doses of 1, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight. Mice were pre-induced with a COVID-19 vaccine to simulate immune system activation. Immunological responses were evaluated through the measurement of granzyme B, perforin, and interferon-γ expression levels. The results demonstrated that apigenin significantly increased the expression of all three markers in a dose-dependent manner.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, the chemical, computational, and biological data confirm that apigenin from sungkai leaves holds strong immunostimulant and selective anti-inflammatory potential, supporting its development as a natural immune booster or vaccine adjuvant.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child health, nutrition and gut microbiota development during the first two years of life; study protocol of a prospective cohort study from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.","authors":"Muhamamd Shahzad, Muhammad Ismail, Benjamin Misselwitz, Ahsan Saidal, Simon C Andrews, Khalid Iqbal, Hatice Akarsu, Ziad Al Nabhani","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.158415.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.158415.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent evidence suggests that the development of gut microbiota during infancy affects several metabolic, immune, and endocrine pathways in humans. An imbalance in gut microbiota diversity or function, also known as dysbiosis, not only affects early child growth and development, but is also linked with the development of chronic, non-communicable diseases in later life. The <b>C</b>hild <b>H</b>ealth <b>A</b>nd <b>M</b>icrobiome Development Study - <b>P</b>akistan (CHAMP) study aimed to longitudinally assess gut microbiota development and associated factors (maternal, child, and demographic) during early childhood in populations residing in malnutrition-endemic communities in Pakistan. A prospective cohort of mother-infant pairs (n=70) will be recruited from District Swat, Pakistan, and followed for two years. Complete information about demographic characteristics, anti-natal and post-natal care, dietary intake, feeding practices, and child health will be collected at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and head circumference), dry blood spots, and fecal samples were also collected. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Khyber Medical University, Pakistan. The study is also registered on clincaltrial.gov (Ref no: NCT05793294). The study findings will help researchers understand gut microbiota development, associated factors, and their impact on longitudinal growth in infants during the first two years of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}