Folia morphologica最新文献

{"title":"Age changes in the gastric mucosa of male albino rat: histological, immunohistochemical, histomorphometric and biochemical study.","authors":"Shereen Abdel Fattah Mohammed, Ayman Abo El-Enein Rezk Arafat, Mogeda Mahdy Nasralla, Marwa Mahmoud Elsayed, Doaa Mahmoud Shuaib","doi":"10.5603/fm.100959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age related changes in the stomach are associated with alterations in the structure and secretory function of the gastric glands. The present study aimed to investigate histological, histomorphometric and biochemical changes in the gastric mucosa of rats with age.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four age groups, 20 rats in each (prepubertal, adolescent, adult, and senile). The gastric specimens were subjected to light microscopic examination using haematoxylin and eosin, PAS and Masson's trichrome stains. Immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was carried out. Measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in gastric tissue homogenates was performed using ELISA. Quantitative analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Light microscopic examination of gastric mucosa of senile rats revealed distortion of gastric glands and erosions. Surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells, parietal and chief cells exhibited cytoplasmic destruction, nuclear degeneration, apoptosis and oxidative damage. There was a significant decrease in the mean gastric mucosal thickness, increase in collagen content and decrease in mucous content with the advance of age. These morphological changes were associated with a significant decrease in SOD and GPx activity and increase in MDA activity, in addition to decreased VEGF gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gastric mucosa of aged rats showed histological and immunohistochemical alterations. These changes were associated with oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant capacity and decreased angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic obstacles in cavotricuspid isthmus detected by modified 2D transthoracic echocardiography and long-term outcomes in radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter.","authors":"Marta Kacprzyk, Ewelina Dołęga-Dołęgowska, Grzegorz Karkowski, Jacek Lelakowski, Artur Kacprzyk, Marta Krzysztofik, Patryk Ostrowski, Michał Bonczar, Halina Dobrzynski, Marcin Kuniewicz","doi":"10.5603/fm.100953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although radiofrequency ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI), responsible for sustaining atrial flutter, is a highly effective procedure, in extended patients' observations following this procedure, more than every tenth becomes unsuccessful. Therefore, this study aimed to provide helpful information about the anatomy of the CTI in transthoracic echocardiography, which can aid in better planning of the CTI radiofrequency ablation in patients with typical atrial flutter.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>56 patients with typical atrial flutter after radiofrequency ablation were evaluated at the end of the 24-month observation period. With substernal modified transthoracic echocardiographic (mTTE) evaluation, we identified four main anatomical obstacles impeding radiofrequency ablation. These obstacles were tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, cavotricuspid isthmus length, cavotricuspid isthmus morphology, and the presence of a prominent Eustachian ridge/Eustachian valve. All intraprocedural radiofrequency ablation data were collected for analysis and correlated with anatomical data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the 24-month observation period, freedom from atrial flutter was 67.86%. The mean length of the isthmus was 30.34 ± 6.67 mm. The isthmus morphology in 56 patients was categorized as flat (n = 27; 48.2%), concave (n = 10; 17.85%), and pouch (n = 19, 33.9%). A prominent Eustachian ridge was observed in 23 patients (41.1%). Lack of anatomical obstacles in mTTE evaluation resulted in 100% efficacy, while the presence of at least two obstacles significantly increased the risk of unsuccessful ablation with more than two (OR 12.31 p = 0.01). Generally, 8 mm electrodes were the most effective for non-difficult CTI, while 3.5 mm electrodes used with a 3D system had highest performance for complex CTI. Notably, aging was the only factor that worsened the long-term outcome (OR 1.07 p = 0.044).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preoperative usage of mTTE evaluation helps predict difficulty in cavotricuspid isthmus radiofrequency ablation, thus allowing better planning of the radiofrequency ablation strategy using the most accurate radiofrequency ablation electrode.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision in Preservation: Mastering Cadaver Embalming with the Femoral Artery Approach - a technical note.","authors":"Zygmunt Antoni Domagała, Mateusz Drazyk, Oliwier Pioterek, Oskar Kozlowski, Pawel Lubieniecki, Maciej Sroczynski, Agata Dudek, Sławomir Woźniak, Victoria Tarkowski, Mateusz Mazurek","doi":"10.5603/fm.99260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.99260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human anatomy is a fundamental aspect of a physician's knowledge. While novel technologies offer innovative ways to teach anatomy, cadavers remain an essential component of anatomical education. The quality of specimens begins with well-preserved cadavers, and the chosen vascular access for injection plays a crucial role. Unfortunately, there is a lack of literature regarding embalming procedures, as discourse on such practices could enhance the quality, safety, and effectiveness of anatomical instruction. In this study, a femoral artery approach is described for embalming, which entails a meticulous process of cutting through the skin, navigating through fascias and adipose tissue by means of blunt dissection, ultimately reaching the artery for embalming injection. Tips and techniques pertaining to this technique are provided, including vital details for convenient accessibility and minimal impairment of tissue. The objective of this study is to facilitate anatomists and technicians in the adoption of the femoral artery approach, and to encourage further exploration of alternative embalming methods, thus contributing to the continuous advancement of anatomical sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical analysis of the radial nerve and arcade of Frohse in the cubital fossa using human cadavers.","authors":"Tomasz Lepich, Radosław Karaś, Kamil Kania, Konrad Barszczewski, Grzegorz Bajor","doi":"10.5603/fm.100891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The radial nerve (RN) is a peripheral nerve that originates from the posterior bundle of the brachial plexus and carries C5-Th1 fibers. In the cubital fossa radial nerve divides into a superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and a deep branch of the radial nerve (DBRN). Next DBRN enters under the arcade of Frohse (AF) and changes its name to posterior interosseous nerve of antebrachii (PIN). The AF was first described in 1908 by Frohs and Frankel. It is the superior proximal part of the supinator muscle, which can be tendinous or membranous.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eight dissected upper limbs were examined to measure the distances and characteristics of the RN, DBRN, SBRN and AF, utilizing precise electronic caliper.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average distance from the point of branching of the RN into its terminal branches to the AF was 54.64 mm on average. In half of the cases DBRN divided before entering the AF. The average distance from the point of branching of the DBRN to the AF in these cases was 13.88 mm. The width of the AF averaged 8.60 mm. Five tendinous AF and three membranous AF were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the radial nerve and its branches in the cubital fossa, as well as the AF, is important for the development of anatomy and may also contribute to the reduction of surgical complications during procedures in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual anatomical variants of infrahyoid muscles - case report.","authors":"Agata Mazurek, Grzegorz Wysiadecki, Bożena Wójcik, Andrzej Dubrowski, Janusz Skrzat, Jerzy Walocha","doi":"10.5603/fm.100840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anatomical anomalies of neck muscles are rarely observed and usually comprise variations of digastric and omohyoid muscles. Neck muscles' abnormalities might be correlated with embryological development and are observed in individuals with aneuploidies such as Edward's syndrome (18-trisomy) or Down syndrome (21-trisomy). Some infrahyoid muscles are important landmarks during surgery, therefore their anatomical variations of these muscles are related to higher risk of surgical complications. Herein, we present a rare case of infrahyoid muscles anomalies found during routine dissection of male cadaver. Redundant muscle bellies of sternohyoid muscle (sternohyoid azygos muscle), presence of levator glandulae thyroideae and also one hypoplastic superior belly of the omohyoid muscle were observed. Presence of muscle fibers within found structures was confirmed using Masson's trichrome staining method.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrahepatic distribution of nerves in <i>Suncus murinus</i> by whole-mount immunohistological observation.","authors":"Ke Ren, Xiangquan Chen, Ting Yang, Rujia Li, Shuang-Qin Yi","doi":"10.5603/fm.100615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, elucidating the actual state of the liver nervous system has attracted attention, owing to clinical needs, such as liver transplantation. Conventional methods for studying the intrahepatic nerve distribution mostly use liver tissue sections, specific markers for immunohistological studies, or anterograde/retrograde tracing in animals. However, knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of intrahepatic innervation is vague or speculative.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, Suncus murinus (Suncus) (n = 10) were perfused and fixed, the livers were excised, and the liver parenchyma was carefully removed, leaving only the intrahepatic vasculature. Specimens were prepared to study the three-dimensional structure of Suncus intrahepatic and hilar innervation by whole-mount immunohistochemical staining using a neurofilament protein antibody.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the nerves running along the intrahepatic arterial system entered the liver parenchyma from the hepatic hilum, they maintained a relatively rich distribution along the interlobular arteries until the distal end. The innervation of the portal system began to decrease after entering the liver parenchyma and decreased significantly after reaching the deep parts. By the time it reached the end of the interlobular vein, there was very little left. The number of nerves running along the intrahepatic bile duct system was significantly reduced after entering the porta hepatis, and innervation was difficult to observe after completely entering the liver parenchyma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Whole-mount immunohistochemical analyses with an anti-NFP antibody showed that intrahepatic innervation mainly accompanied the hepatic interlobular arteries and extended to their terminal ends. Neuronal regulation is very important in the functional regulation of intrahepatic nutritional vessels. However, there were very few NFP-immunoreactive nerves accompanying the intrahepatic bile duct system, possibly suggesting that the functional regulation of the intrahepatic biliary system mainly relies on hormones and neuropeptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional morphometric and volumetric analysis of maxillary sinuses.","authors":"Padamjeet Panchal, Rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi, Abhigyan Satyam, Binita Chaudhary","doi":"10.5603/fm.100279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The maxillary sinus is a pyramid-shaped cavity with varying shapes, sizes, and capacities. Its dimensions grow gradually and develop until early adulthood. Anatomical knowledge of the maxillary sinus is essential to understanding sinonasal disorders, planning surgical procedures and preventing complications. Awareness of the sinus's proximity to critical structures helps avoid injuries during surgery. The European, Korean, and Sri Lankan population study parameters show varying results and do not necessarily apply to the Indian population. The standard morphometric data of the maxillary sinus is scanty in the Indian population. The study aimed to determine the volume and morphometry of the maxillary sinus along with gender differences in the Eastern population of the Indian.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using cone beam computed tomography data of maxillary sinuses of 100 normal individuals. The data were analysed after the three-dimensional reconstruction of digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images with the help of DICOM to print and Geomagic freeform software in the Anatomy department. The different linear morphometric variables and volume of the maxillary sinus were studied. SPSS version 27.0. was utilised for statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean values of Antero-posterior diameter, Transverse diameter, Craniocaudal diameters, the height of ostium from the floor and volume of the maxillary sinus in males on the right side are 36.61 mm, 20.7 mm, 40.31 mm, 26.02 mm and 16055.24 mm³ and on the left side are 37.17 mm, 20.17 mm, 40.73 mm, 26.91 mm and 15712.66 mm³ whereas in females the values on the right side are 38.10 mm, 21.56 mm, 38.96 mm, 25.81 mm and 14687.78 mm³ and on left side are 38.23 mm, 21.53 mm, 38.48 mm, 25.28 mm and 14203.13 mm3 respectively. The side-to-side parameter differences were non-significant within the male and female groups, respectively. The females had significantly (p < 0.05) larger transverse diameters than males in both the right and left maxillary sinuses. The males tend to have a slightly larger mean craniocaudal diameter than females, but the difference was found statistically significant (p < 0.05) only in the left maxillary sinus. The gender differentiation based on the measured parameters of bilateral maxillary sinus accuracy rate was 89.4% in males and 61.8% in females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These parameters serve as a standard or reference point, allowing radiologists and surgeons to compare individual patient scans to population averages and aid in better clinical outcomes. The mean values of different parameters of the maxillary sinus may be utilised to differentiate various suspected sinus pathologies, which is helpful for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Gender differentiation can be done more accurately by forensic experts using Maxillary si","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new corrosion method (Aycan's method).","authors":"Kenan Aycan, Fatma Köse, Burcu Kamaşak Arpaçay, Tufan Ulcay, Ayhan Düzler","doi":"10.5603/fm.100364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As it is known, the anatomy of the vessels is examined by removing the cast of the vessels inside the organs. Generally, liquid material (polyester, takilon, etc.) is injected into the vessels with positive pressure to remove the cast from the vessels of the organs. We built a machine to remove the cast of the vessels inside the organ. We named it corrosion machine.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sheep kidneys were used in our experiment. After the kidneys were cannulated, they were placed in the vacuum chamber. With the operation of the vacuum pump, negative pressure was created in the vacuum chamber. With negative pressure, kidneys and its vessels expanded. Takilon or polyester easily entered the vessels of the kidney. The cast of the vessels of the kidney was removed. With this newly developed technique, the anatomy of the vessels whose casts were removed was examined with the naked eye, stereomicroscope or SEM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The corrosion machine we built can cast the vessels of the organs very well. Takilon or polyester (which we used in our experiment) easily entered the capillaries under the effect of negative pressure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We think that this method can also be applied to other organs and used in vascular research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root anatomy and canal configuration of human permanent maxillary third molar - systematic review.","authors":"Anna Olczyk, Barbara Malicka, Katarzyna Skośkiewicz-Malinowska","doi":"10.5603/fm.98475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.98475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of the root canals configuration is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. The main aim of the systematic review is to determine the number of roots and the number of root canals in maxillary third molars, in addition, where possible, to determine the Vertucci classification. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. The study protocol was registered and approved on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO (Reg. No: CRD42022366444) before the start of the study. Twelve studies were included in the analysis, differing in sample origin and methodology. The combined studies were analyzed based on the number of roots, number of canals, and root canal configurations, and the findings were compared with those of other international studies. Analyzing the available research results regarding the root anatomy and canal configuration of the third maxillary molar, the most commonly maxillary third molars had 3 roots (59.00%). Single-rooted teeth (24.20%) or double-rooted teeth (13.80%) were less common. In addition, it was observed that maxillary third molars typically possessed three root canals (47.28%) and the MB (mesiobuccal), DB (distobuccal), and P (palatal) canals most often showed Vertucci Type I (59.53%, 95.83% and 98.61%, respectively) in three-rooted form. Due to the small number of available studies, it is necessary to conduct further analyses taking into account demographic and ethnic differences that may affect the anatomical and morphological structure of the teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foramina and canals of the skull base in Holstein cow: a computed tomography study.","authors":"Nimet Turgut, Sadullah Bahar, Abidin Kılınçer, Hamza Yavuz Selim Can","doi":"10.5603/fm.100461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to describe the comprehensive morphological and morphometric features of the foramina and canals at the base of the cranial cavity in Holstein cow using CT images.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was performed on fourteen adult Holstein cow head cadavers. Images taken with MSCT were transferred to the DICOM Viewer program. The MPR and 3D reconstructive tools of the program were used to analyse the foramina and canals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although they varied in shape and size, foramina and canals were found bilaterally in all animals. It was observed that the orbitorotund foramen, jugular foramen and oval foramen had a canalicular structure, with the distance between the extra-intra cranial openings measured as 15.0 mm, 5.9 mm and 6.2 mm, respectively. The hypoglossal canal, which was found to be single in 43%, double in 50% and triple in 7% in each body half, was the canal with the most variation in number and shape. The orbitorotund foramen, a canal with an area of 180.6 mm² and a diameter of 18.1 × 12.4 mm is the widest at the skull base, while the optic canal is the narrowest and longest opening with an area of 33.4 mm², a diameter of 8.4 × 5.5 and a length of 17.5 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows that our knowledge of skull base morphometry in animals is extremely limited. Although the study was conducted on a limited number of materials, it may benefit both regional anatomy knowledge in terms of the data presented and veterinary anatomists, radiologists and clinicians in terms of methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}