Folia morphologica最新文献

{"title":"Hypoplasia-like lung deformity in a porcine foetus.","authors":"Hidaka Anetai, Saori Anetai, Takashi Amari, Masahiro To, Nae Hinata","doi":"10.5603/fm.105471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.105471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root and canal morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Polish population: A cone-beam computed tomography study.","authors":"Mateusz Mrozek, Ewa Marek, Hannah Blum, Deborah Pauly, Till Dammaschke, Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld, Agnieszka Droździk, Ryta Łagocka, Krzysztof Safranow, Mariusz Lipski","doi":"10.5603/fm.105466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.105466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess the root and canal morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Polish population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to correlate the findings with tooth position and patient gender. Additionally, the symmetry of root and canal anatomy between the right and left sides in the same patient was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The root and root canal morphology of 479 mandibular first premolars of 277 Polish patients with a mean age of 43.2 years, varying from 18 to 76 years were analyzed using CBCT. In 202 patients, the available documentation allowed a bilateral symmetry assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 479 examined premolars, 467 teeth (97.5%) had a single root, 11 (2.3%) had two roots, and one (0.2%) had three roots. Regarding canal configuration, 387 teeth (80.8%) had a single canal, 88 (18.4%) had two canals; and four (0.8%) had three canals. The most common canal configuration were type I (80.8%) and type V (14.6%). No statistically significant differences were observed in root or root canal morphology concerning tooth side and gender. A high degree of perfect symmetry (94.6%) was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Single-root with one root canal was the most prevalent of first mandibular premolar in the Polish population. However, incidence of another root and canal configurations were detected. These findings may help Polish dentists in diagnosis, decision-making and root canal treatment of premolar teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis and typing of talus and calcaneus bones from the Eastern Anatolian population.","authors":"Asli Beril Karakas, Yalcin Akbulut, Burhan Yarar, Mukadder Sunar","doi":"10.5603/fm.104428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The talus and calcaneus are critical components of foot biomechanics, contributing to stability and movement. Despite their importance, data on their morphometric and articular characteristics in the Eastern Anatolian population are scarce. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the morphometry and facet configurations of talus and calcaneus from this region, highlighting their clinical and biomechanical significance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 32 tali and 29 calcanei were analyzed using high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and 3D reconstruction. Morphometric measurements, including lengths, widths, and facet areas, were performed, and articular facet types were classified based on established criteria. Comparative analyses were conducted with data from other populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant side-specific variations were observed in lengths and sulcus dimensions. Type B was the most prevalent facet configuration in both talus and calcaneus, with unique patterns such as Type B3 emphasizing the anatomical distinctiveness of the Eastern Anatolian population. Comparisons with other populations revealed larger morphometric dimensions and distinct facet distributions, underscoring population-specific differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides valuable morphometric and facet classification data for talus and calcaneus in the Eastern Anatolian population. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of regional anatomical variations and have significant implications for clinical applications, forensic investigations, and prosthetic design.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinically relevant anatomical variations in the posterior intercostal neurovascular bundle.","authors":"Bijo Elsy","doi":"10.5603/fm.104771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study focused on the variations of the structures in the posterior intercostal neurovascular bundle.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Dissected the posterior intercostal spaces (1st-11th) of 12 cadavers from the vertebral body to the anterior to the mid-axillary line. Variations in the arrangement, course, relations, patterns, and rare features of the structures were observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the neurovascular bundle, four types of arrangement of the structures from superior to inferior were observed. Presence of a foetal connecting branch between the left 9th and 10th posterior intercostal veins and the left 7th and 8th intercostal nerves. The posterior intercostal artery passes lateral to the white ramus communicans of the corresponding intercostal nerve. The 1st thoracic ventral ramus and 2nd intercostal nerve are connected to the stellate and 2nd thoracic ganglia by different white rami communicantes. In the 1st intercostal space, type A and D intrathoracic nerves of Kuntz were observed. Collateral intercostal nerves have different points of origin, reach the superior border of the inferior rib, and have communications and terminations. A left 7th collateral intercostal nerve originated from the connecting branch between the 7th and 8th intercostal nerves. A left 9th lateral cutaneous nerve originated from the collateral intercostal nerve.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intercostal nerve block and thoracic clinical procedures require an understanding of the variations in the neurovascular bundle. Awareness of the different types of intrathoracic nerves of Kuntz and white rami communicantes and foetal connecting branches between adjacent intercostal nerves and posterior intercostal vessels in adults are useful in surgical approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical evaluation of the posterior condylar canal: a study on dry adult Thai skulls.","authors":"Preeyanan Sae-Lim, Pawarit Wipaswatcharayotin, Pakpoom Thintharua, Vilai Chentanez","doi":"10.5603/fm.105244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.105244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The posterior condylar canal (PCC) is a crucial structure facilitating venous drainage from the intracranial venous sinuses to the extracranial system. This study aimed to provide anatomical insights into the PCC's prevalence, location of the extracranial and intracranial orifice and diameter, aiding surgical procedures involving the posterior skull base, foramen magnum, and jugular foramen.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two hundred dry skulls (100 male and 100 female) were examined. The PCC was traced using a flexible wire through its extracranial orifice. Its location was categorized relative to the posterior edge of the occipital condyle (PEOC) into lateral, middle, or medial thirds. The intracranial orifice was classified as intrajugular, intrasinus, or retrosinus. The maximum diameter of the extracranial orifice was measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PCC was present in 79.5% of skulls, with bilateral occurrence in 39.5%, right unilateral in 22%, and left unilateral in 18%. In 20.5% of cases, the PCC was absent. A double PCC was observed in a single skull. No statistically significant difference in PCC prevalence was found between sexes. The extracranial orifice was most commonly located in the lateral third of the PEOC (41.4%). The most prevalent intracranial orifice type was intrajugular (46.6%). The average PCC diameter was 3.77 ± 1.0 mm. No statistically significant difference was observed between sides in either extracranial location or intracranial orifice type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the anatomical variations of the PCC is clinically important for radiologists in interpreting pathological conditions and for neurosurgeons in planning surgeries involving the occipital condyle region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and morphology of corona mortis: a systematic study with routine abdominopelvic computed tomography.","authors":"Rabia Mihriban Kilinc, Nizamettin Emre Ozen","doi":"10.5603/fm.103862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the prevalence, morphology, and anatomical characteristics of corona mortis (CMOR) using routine portal-phase contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT). Corona mortis is defined as the anastomoses between the external iliac and inferior epigastric vessels and the obturator vascular structures. Accidental injury of these vascular connections during surgical operations or damage from pelvic trauma can lead to difficult-to-control pelvic hemorrhages.</p><p><strong>Matherials and methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on 1593 abdominopelvic CT scans performed between January and April 2023. Patients' demographics, CMOR prevalence, morphology, and measurements-including vessel diameter and distance from the pubic symphysis-were analyzed. CMOR was classified using the Rusu classification system, and arterial and venous anastomoses were documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CMOR was identified in 49.3% of patients. Venous CMOR was observed in 34% of cases, and arterial CMOR was detected in 7.1%, with 5.8% of patients exhibiting combined arterial and venous anastomoses. Venous vessel diameters averaged 3.1 mm on the right and 3.2 mm on the left, with significant sex-based differences (p=0.001). The distance from the pubic symphysis to venous CMOR averaged 63 mm. Most arterial anastomoses were Type 1-2 (89.4%), and venous anastomoses were predominantly Type 2-1 (72%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Routine portal-phase CT effectively identifies and classifies CMOR, providing valuable preoperative information. Bilateral and contralateral anastomoses are frequent, highlighting the need for detailed anatomical evaluation to reduce surgical complications. Future studies could enhance detection with advanced imaging techniques such as 3D reconstructions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in anatomy education: the role of virtual anatomy tables, immersive techniques, and 3D printing - a systematic review.","authors":"Krzysztof Starszak, Radosław Karaś, Andrzej Skalski, Karolina Czarnecka-Chrebelska, Tomasz Lepich, Grzegorz Bajor","doi":"10.5603/fm.104410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of anatomy has served as the cornerstone of medical education for centuries, traditionally relying on human cadavers as the primary teaching resource. In recent years, new technologies such as virtual anatomy tables, immersive techniques and 3D printing have been introduced into anatomy education. Moreover, immersive techniques and 3D printing are also increasingly common in many fields of medicine. Virtual anatomy tables, immersive techniques and 3D printing are well-evaluated by students, but in the vast majority of studies they emphasize a complementary rather than leading role in teaching anatomy. New technologies lead to greater student engagement. They also diversify learning, making it more enjoyable and accessible. New technologies are increasingly used in clinical disciplines and teaching.The incorporation of modern tools reflects a global trend in medical education. Students have a positive attitude towards innovations, and most studies confirm their satisfaction and confirmation of their usefulness after their implementation in practice. Most students are convinced of the usefulness of new technologies in future clinical work, therefore medical universities should ensure the development of future doctors based on modern methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sigmoid arteries - an imaging-based anatomical study with clinical implications.","authors":"Andrzej Wrona, Martyna Dziedzic, Jakub Gliwa, Michał Bonczar, Patryk Ostrowski, Wadim Wojciechowski, Jerzy A Walocha, Mateusz Koziej","doi":"10.5603/fm.105194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.105194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sigmoid arteries (SAs) are essential for supplying blood to the sigmoid colon and exhibit considerable anatomical variability in their number, origin, and branching patterns. A precise understanding of SA anatomy is crucial for colorectal surgical procedures, particularly in oncological and diverticular disease resections.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on 75 consecutive Polish patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography angiography (CTA) at the Radiology Department of Jagiellonian University Medical College between 2018 and 2022. The study assessed SA origin, diameter, cross-sectional area, and distance from the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first SA most commonly originated directly from the IMA (69.01%), whereas the second and third SAs predominantly arose from the sigmoid trunk. The analysis of SA types, based on the Cirocchi et al. classification, revealed that Type 1 configurations were the most common, accounting for 50.70% of cases. Among them, Type 1B was the predominant subtype (35.21%). The median number of observed SAs per patient was 1, with a maximum of 6. The first SA had a median diameter of 1.97 mm at its origin, with a range from 0.70 mm to 3.32 mm. The distance from the origin of the IMA to the first SA exhibited a wide range, with a median of 52.76 mm and a maximum of 82.77 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sigmoid arteries, which serve as the primary source of blood supply to the sigmoid colon, exhibit significant variability in their origin and number of branches. The present study provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the morphometric characteristics and branching patterns of the sigmoid arteries, aiming to enhance current knowledge. This data may be particularly valuable for physicians, as it is clinically relevant to various colorectal surgical procedures, such as malignancy resections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of the nerves of the hepatic vein with special reference to innervation of its sphincter: whole mount immunohistological observation in Suncus murinus.","authors":"Ke Ren, Xiangquan Chen, Ting Yang, Shuang-Qin Yi","doi":"10.5603/fm.102809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morphological and functional studies of the human cavo-hepatic junction have been widely reported. The unique spiral structure of the wall of the canine hepatic venous system, which is formed by smooth muscle bundles, and the ultrastructure of the hepatic venous sphincter of animals, especially dogs, have also received a great deal attention. However, studies on the innervation of the hepatic vein in this structure have rarely been reported.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, experimental animals Suncus murinus (n = 9) were subjected to pressurized perfusion and fixation. The liver was removed, and the liver parenchyma was carefully removed, leaving only the intrahepatic vasculature. Whole-mount immunohistochemical staining with a neurofilament protein antibody was performed to identify the nerves of the hepatic vein.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Abundant NFP-positive nerves were present near the hepatic venous outflow tract, which were connected to the IHC nerves. However, no NFP-positive nerve fibers were found in the deep hepatic, sublobular, or collecting veins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our studies on Suncus murinus, have shown that the nerve distribution of the hepatic vein is quite different from that of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct system entering and exiting the liver portal. The nerve distribution of the latter can extend to deeper layers of the intrahepatic artery, portal vein, and intrahepatic bile duct system. Innervation of the hepatic vein was mainly observed at the entrance of the hepatic vein into the IVC. These nerves may innervate the hepatic sphincter and control the outflow of hepatic veins.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new approach in facial nerve trunk surgical identification.","authors":"Angela Babuci, Silvia Stratulat, Zinovia Zorina, Ilia Catereniuc, Anastasia Bendelic, Nataliya Trushel, Oleg Solomon, Elena Stepco, Sergiu Calancea, Sofia Lehtman, Gabriela Motelica, Stanislav Strisca, Andrei Mostovei","doi":"10.5603/fm.104773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering the lack of feasible methods for the extracranial portion of the facial nerve previsualization and the high risk of its iatrogenic injures, the knowledge about facial nerve identification landmarks is critically needed. The aim of our research was to find out reliable landmarks for the surgical access of the facial nerve trunk (FNT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Our study was conducted on 75 hemifaces of adult embalmed cadavers. Prior to anatomical dissection, the cephalometric type of each head was determined and the landmarks identified for study have been established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the FNT surgical access, 8 landmarks were measured and statistically analyzed on 5 criteria: gender, laterality, cephalometric type, branching pattern and its variant (classic/atypical). Six of the examined landmarks showed statistical significance depending on gender (p ≤ 0.05) among which were: angle of the FNT bifurcation (FNTB); distance between the FNT division and the angle of the mandible (FNTD/AM); distance between the FNT division and the apex of the mastoid process (FNTD/AMP); distance between the FNT origin and the intertragic notch (FNTO/ITN); distance between the FNT origin and the triangular prominence of the cartilage of the external acoustic meatus (FNTO/∆CEAM); distance between the FNT origin and the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle insertion point (FNTO/AMSCMIP). The angle formed at the intersection of the facial nerve trunk with the vertical line drawn through the anterior margin of the external acoustic meatus (FNT/VEAM), was statistically significant depending on laterality (p = 0.049). The FNT bifurcation angle was also statistically significant depending on the branching pattern (p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although seven of the studied landmarks were statistically significant based on at least one of the examined criteria, the limitations of the research include: a small number of samples, predominance of the male hemifaces, and prevalence of the mesocephalic type individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}