Folia morphologica最新文献

{"title":"A rare case of nonbifurcating left common carotid artery associated with bilateral internal carotid artery anastomosis: a case report.","authors":"Qingyi Cai, Baohua Cheng, Wenming Gao","doi":"10.5603/fm.109724","DOIUrl":"10.5603/fm.109724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study reports a rare case of a nonbifurcating carotid artery with bilateral internal carotid artery anastomoses. Special anatomical features related to nonbifurcating carotid arteries are comprehensively summarized. The embryological causes and potential clinical significance of this variation are discussed.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An anatomical variant of the left common carotid artery was discovered in a middle-aged elderly Chinese female cadaver during standard dissection in an anatomy course.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The left common carotid artery was unbranched; instead, it continued intracranially as the internal carotid artery and gave rise to branches of the external carotid artery. In the sella turcica region, bilateral internal carotid arteries developed aberrant anastomoses, which is even rarer. Furthermore, both posterior communicating arteries arose from the left posterior cerebral artery and were accompanied by multiple large intracranial aneurysms. According to a thorough literature review, this is the first documented instance of this complex combination of variants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that abnormal vascular embryogenesis can lead to complex vascular variants. Clinicians should remain vigilant for potential hemodynamic irregularities and take prompt action to prevent larger aneurysms from forming and enlarging. Precise identification and thorough preoperative evaluation are crucial for reducing surgical risks and avoiding serious complications, such as infarction. Detailed knowledge of these variations is critical for imaging, interventional procedures, and surgery involving the cervical and cerebral vessels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":"85 ","pages":"e01726007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical observation of phrenic nerve branch variations at the cervicothoracic junction and upper mediastinum: two case reports.","authors":"Jingya Gao, Ye Sun, Xinglong Zhang, Qingyu Zhang, Xiuzhi Wang, Xiangzheng Qin","doi":"10.5603/fm.109230","DOIUrl":"10.5603/fm.109230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The authors report phrenic nerve branch and communication variations at the cervicothoracic junction and upper mediastinum through adult cadaveric dissection, analyze their local morphological characteristics, and discuss their anatomical significance in conjunction with previous literature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>During adult cadaveric dissection, two cases of phrenic nerve anatomical variations were discovered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Case 1 showed the left phrenic nerve composed of upper and lower branches that straddled the transverse cervical artery at the C4 level before reuniting and entering the thoracic cavity, with subsequent mediastinal course and terminal distribution consistent with standard anatomical descriptions. Case 2 showed early branching of the left phrenic nerve within the upper mediastinum, with its superior and inferior branches connected by communicating branches before joining the vagus nerve, while the main phrenic nerve trunk continued along its typical path to terminate at the diaphragm. Both variations were primarily limited to proximal branches or communicating structures, without significantly altering the main trunk course of the phrenic nerve within the mediastinum.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reports two types of branch and communication variations of the phrenic nerve at the cervicothoracic junction and upper mediastinum. However, the main trunk course within the mediastinum and terminal distribution at the diaphragm remained relatively constant overall. Understanding these variations helps enrich phrenic nerve anatomical data and provides anatomical basis for identification and protection of the phrenic nerve during related cervical, mediastinal, and minimally invasive surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":"85 ","pages":"e01726003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146178531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic anatomy of the recurrent branch of the median nerve using bony landmarks: a clinical-surgical study.","authors":"Serdar Duzgun, Nihat Yiğit, Mehmet Orcun Akkurt, Nurettin Manti, Ali Said Nazligul","doi":"10.5603/fm.106205","DOIUrl":"10.5603/fm.106205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recurrent branch of the median nerve (RBMN) is a critical structure in carpal tunnel surgery, where inadvertent injury can lead to significant functional impairment. Although soft tissue landmarks are commonly used for RBMN localization, they often vary between individuals and are susceptible to intraoperative shifts. This study aimed to establish fixed bony landmarks for reliable localization of the RBMN, potentially reducing the risk of iatrogenic nerve injury.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This clinical-surgical study included 58 patients (59 hands) who underwent open carpal tunnel release between January 2020 and September 2022. Intraoperative measurements were taken from the origin of the RBMN to three fixed bony landmarks: the apex of the first metacarpal head, the apex of the third metacarpal head, and the tip of the radial styloid process. Distances were recorded by two independent observers using a sterile, millimeter-calibrated ruler. Statistical analysis included interobserver and intraobserver reliability assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean distance from the RBMN origin to the first metacarpal head was 39.7 ± 5.2 mm, that to the third metacarpal head was 50.2 ± 4.7 mm, and that to the radial styloid process was 59.4 ± 4.9 mm. There were no statistically significant differences in these measurements between male and female patients (p > 0.05). Most RBMN branches (67%) were extraligamentous, followed by subligamentous (25%) and transligamentous (8%) branches, according to the Lanz classification. Postoperative clinical evaluations using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) showed significant improvements in both symptom severity and functional status (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fixed bony landmarks provide a reliable and reproducible method for localizing the RBMN during carpal tunnel release, potentially reducing the risk of nerve injury. These findings support the use of bony reference points as consistent intraoperative guides to safer surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":"e01726123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography angiographic examination of coronary sinus morphometry and spatial orientation: a guide for cardiac resynchronization therapy procedures.","authors":"Tayfun Aygün, Serkan Arıbal, Mustafa Ahmet Huyut, Tanju Kisbet, Berkay Arda Metin, Harun Kılıç, Süleyman Sezai Yıldız, Nurullah Yücel, Hakan Önder","doi":"10.5603/fm.113285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.113285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to characterize the morphometric features and three-dimensional spatial orientation of the coronary sinus ostium (CSO) within the right atrium using computed tomography angiography, and to identify demographic and anatomical determinants of CSO level.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 300 individuals (147 women and 153 men; mean age, 50.27 ± 10.39 years) who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Morphometric parameters included the proximal and distal coronary sinus diameters, CSO diameter, CSO-right atrial floor distance (CSO level), mean left ventricular wall thickness, septal wall thickness, proximal diameters of four major coronary arteries, and axial, coronal, and sagittal spatial angles of the CSO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All coronary artery diameters and both ventricular wall-thickness measures were significantly greater in men. Coronary sinus and CSO diameters increased with age, whereas CSO level decreased (r = -0.221, p < 0.001). The CSO formed angles of 65.15° ± 11.08°, 33.51° ± 17.95°, and 32.58° ± 17.47° with the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes, respectively, with no significant sex differences. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, male sex was independently associated with a higher CSO level, whereas older age, greater septal wall thickness, larger CSO diameter, and a larger sagittal angle were associated with a lower CSO level; mean left ventricular (LV) free-wall thickness (anterior and lateral) was not an independent predictor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Selected coronary sinus and cardiac morphometric parameters exhibited sex-related differences, while coronary sinus and CSO diameters increased progressively with age. The three-dimensional spatial orientation of the CSO within the right atrium appears to be a sex-independent anatomical parameter.Preoperative CTA may contribute to a better understanding of coronary sinus anatomy and, in selected cases, may facilitate procedural planning for coronary sinus-based cardiac interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":"85 ","pages":"e01726146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The aberrant right subclavian artery and non-recurrent laryngeal nerve: a cadaveric study.","authors":"Amy L Chan, Maeve A Brown, Thi Nguyen, Lucas Owens, Seseragi Yasumaru, Mindy M Zhang, Mohamed Ahmed, Sailabala Vanguri","doi":"10.5603/fm.109972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.109972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), or arteria lusoria, is an aortic arch variant in which the right subclavian artery arises distal to the left subclavian artery and typically follows a retroesophageal course. Although often asymptomatic, ARSA can present with clinical symptoms and complicate surgical procedures, particularly when associated with other anatomical variants such as a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (non-RLN).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>During routine dissection of a donated cadaver, variations in the aortic arch and laryngeal nerves were identified. Arterial dimensions and branching relationships were measured using a string, hemostats, and calipers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present a cadaveric case of a 74-year-old African American male with a retroesophageal ARSA and a right non-RLN. Our group's dissection revealed the absence of a brachiocephalic trunk, with the right common carotid artery originating directly from the arch of the aorta. The ARSA arose as the fourth branch of the arch and measured 46 mm in circumference and 19.15 mm in width at its origin. Additionally, the non-RLN branched from the cervical vagus nerve and traveled directly to the larynx, consistent with a Type I course.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the embryological link between vascular and neural development and underscores the clinical importance of identifying such variants preoperatively to avoid complications during head, neck, and thoracic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":"85 ","pages":"e01726152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148790407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and incidence of middle mesial canals of mandibular first molars in a northern Chinese subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomographic study.","authors":"Yuhuan Han, Xiaoxue Pei, Xiaoguang Wang, Wanchao Wu","doi":"10.5603/fm.108315","DOIUrl":"10.5603/fm.108315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The middle mesial canal (MMC) represents a complex anatomical variation of mandibular first molars (MFMs). The association between MMC occurrence and anatomical landmarks remains controversial in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CBCT imaging data and data regarding age, sex, tooth position, the distance between the mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) orifices, and the presence of radix entomolaris were collected. When MMCs were present, root canal morphology was classified according to the Ahmed classification system. The data were evaluated using the t-test and chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of MMCs in MFMs was 8.12%, of which confluent MMCs were the most common. The incidence of MMCs was significantly lower in patients aged ≥ 40 years than in patients aged < 40 years (p < 0.05). The incidence of MMCs was not related to sex or the presence of radix entomolaris but was related to tooth position. Specifically, the incidence was slightly higher in the left MFM than in the right MFM (p < 0.05). On the pulp chamber floor, as the distance between the MB and ML orifices decreased, the incidence of MMCs increased (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>General dental practitioners should carefully examine anatomical landmarks of MFMs (particularly the pulp chambers) to help predict the presence of MMCs. Understanding these anatomical landmarks may help general dental practitioners to avoid missing MMCs and to prevent the excessive cutting of dental structures during clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":"85 ","pages":"e01726066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new classification system for the infrahyoid muscles according to their morphology and innervation.","authors":"Yutaro Natsuyama, Shinichi Kawata, Tomiko Yakura, Zhong-Lian Li, Hidenobu Miyaso, Masahiro Itoh","doi":"10.5603/fm.108506","DOIUrl":"10.5603/fm.108506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to reveal the basic morphology of the infrahyoid muscles by proposing a new classification system.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data were analyzed from 67 sides from 34 Japanese cadavers. We propose a new classification system for the infrahyoid muscles, dividing them into 12 areas: superficial (S) and deep (D), cranial (1, 3, 5) and caudal (2, 4, 6), lateral (1, 2), intermediate (3, 4) and medial (5, 6). This system integrates the morphology and innervation patterns of these muscles more accurately. In the superficial layer, the top of the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid muscle serves as the boundary between the cranial and caudal parts. In the deep layer, the thyroid cartilage represents the boundary. Additionally, innervation by the cranial and caudal branches of the ansa cervicalis is a required criterion for classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidences of six areas - S1, S2, S5, S6, D3, and D4 - exceeded 98%, with this pattern observed in 73.1% of cases, suggesting that these may represent standard anatomical patterns. In contrast, areas such as S3, S4, D1, D2, D5, and D6 showed lower incidences. Notably, three novel anatomical variations were observed and described in detail.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed classification system allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the basic morphology of the infrahyoid muscle variations. Clinically, this is relevant for surgical procedures involving the infrahyoid area, such as flap reconstruction, where unexpected variations may increase surgical risks. Therefore, the proposed classification system offers an anatomical and surgical framework of the infrahyoid muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":"e01726169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two unilateral sternalis muscles with distinct fascial compartmentalization: anatomical evidence and potential surgical implications.","authors":"Immacolata Belviso, Giulia Guarnieri, Anna Venzi, Helmer Precilios, Gregorio Oxilia, Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca, Niccolo Fagni, Alberto Cacciola, Ferdinando Paternostro","doi":"10.5603/fm.113168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.113168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sternalis muscle is an uncommon anatomical variant of the anterior thoracic wall. Its presence is clinically relevant due to potential misinterpretation in imaging and unexpected findings during surgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>During routine cadaveric dissection, two sternalis muscle variants were identified in the anterior thoracic walls of two male cadavers aged 75 and 39 years, respectively. A detailed morphological, topographic, and morphometric analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two unilateral sternalis muscles were identified in the right parasternal region of the anterior thoracic wall, located superficial to the pectoralis major and separated from it by a distinct fascial plane allowing blunt dissection. The first (75-year-old donor) muscle measured approximately 71 mm in length, with a width ranging from 8 to 14 mm. The second specimen demonstrated a larger muscular structure measuring approximately 132 mm in length, with a maximal width of 39 mm and a proximal tendinous attachment to the manubrium sterni measuring approximately 11 mm. Inferiorly, both muscles blended with the anterior rectus sheath without a clearly defined distal tendon. In the second specimen, small segmental vascular branches arising from the internal thoracic system were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These cases provide anatomical evidence of a reproducible fascial- muscular organization of the sternalis muscle and highlight its potential surgical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":"85 ","pages":"e01726188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and morphometric analysis of suprascapular notch in dry scapulae of Slovak origin.","authors":"Alena Mazuráková, Sandra Hurta Csizmár, Lenka Lacková, Miriama Šlebodová, Ingrid Hodorová, Desanka Výbohová","doi":"10.5603/fm.108374","DOIUrl":"10.5603/fm.108374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The suprascapular notch (SSN) varies anatomically and may affect nerve entrapment risk. This study examines SSN variations in scapulae of Slovak origin using Rengachary's and Polguj's classifications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We examined 111 dried scapulae, measured key SSN dimensions and classified SSN using Rengachary's and Polguj's systems, followed by statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to Rengachary's classification, Type II (32.43%), Type III (29.73%), and Type IV (22.52%) represent the most common SSN shapes. Suprascapular foramen was present in 5.41% and a rare occurrence of double suprascapular foramen was also observed. According to Polguj's classification, Type III was most frequent (72%), followed by Type I (13%); Type IV accounted for 5%. Statistically significant differences in morphometric parameters were demonstrated among most common Rengachary's SSN types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using Rengachary's and Polguj's classifications together allows for a detailed assessment of SSN variations in samples of Slovak origin. Certain SSN variations are associated with specific clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":"e01726168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare variant of celiac trunk hexafurcation: a case report with a literature review.","authors":"Szymon E Kubik, Wiktoria W Ziemska, Wojciech B Dutka, Tomasz Lepich, Grzegorz Bajor","doi":"10.5603/fm.112791","DOIUrl":"10.5603/fm.112791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Additional branches of the celiac trunk (CT) pose a serious risk during procedures in the upper abdomen, as the CT supplies organs essential for the body's functioning. Therefore, it is important to document every rare anatomical variation, as this contributes to expanding specialists' knowledge, particularly because there are only a few studies describing the variation presented below.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>During the dissection of an 82-year-old man, a rare hexafurcated CT was identified in the epigastric region. Measurements were taken using a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.02 mm. No signs of previous surgical procedures were observed in this area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CT measured 6.93 mm in diameter and 19.96 mm in length. The left gastric artery (LGA), with a diameter of 3.75 mm, branched off from the CT 13.73 mm before its two remaining branches, namely the common hepatic artery (CHA), 5.43 mm in diameter, and the splenic artery (SA), with a diameter of 5.03 mm. There were three additional branches of the CT - symmetrical left and right inferior phrenic arteries (LIPA and RIPA), with diameters of 2.35 mm and 2.79 mm, respectively, and the dorsal pancreatic artery (DPA), with a diameter of 2.87 mm. This variant is extremely rare, and there are only a few documented cases of this anomaly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although research on the hexafurcated CT is limited, knowledge of this area is critical to the proper conduct of many medical procedures. Therefore, identification of such variations is essential, as they may significantly impact surgical procedures and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":"85 ","pages":"e01726151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}