Folia morphologica最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the effectiveness of atmospheric pressure cold plasma on sciatic nerve injury in rats.","authors":"Nesibe Yılmaz, Omur Gulsum Deniz, Seyda Secgin, Yusuf Secgin, Ferhat Bozduman","doi":"10.5603/fm.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet and plasma activated medium (PAM) on sciatic nerve injury (SNI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 10); group 1 (Sham), group 2 (SNI), group 3 (SNI + Atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet 5 min), group 4 (SNI + Atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet 10 min), group 5 (SNI + PAM 5 min), group 6 (SNI + PAM 10 min). On the 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd days of the study, atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet was applied to rats in groups 3 and 4, and PAM was applied to rats in groups 5 and 6. Hot plate test was applied to all rats on the same days. On day 28, the experiment was terminated and sciatic nerve tissues were removed for histopathologic evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the 4-week average of the hot plate tests, a significant relationship was found between group 2 and group 4 and group 6 (p < 0.05). When evaluated within each week, significant differences were found between group 2 and group 4 in week 1, between group 2 and group 5 and group 6 in week 2, between group 2 and group 4 in week 3, and between group 2 and group 4 and group 6 in week 4 (p < 0.05). As a result of histopathologic analysis, except for the control group, the other groups had similar characteristics in terms of axonal degeneration, periaxonal swelling and axon density.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a result of our study, we found that plasma application showed an improvement in the duration of the hot plate test, but did not show any improvement histopathologically.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reappraisal of the morphological and morphometric study of the psoas minor muscle with clinical and developmental insights: cadaveric study.","authors":"A. Patra, A. Asghar, NB Pushpa, Preeti Chaudhary, K. Ravi, H. Kaur, Wojciech Przybycień, Agata Musiał, J. Walocha","doi":"10.5603/fm.99128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.99128","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The Psoas Minor (PMi) is the most unstable muscle of the psoas group of the posterior abdominal muscle. This muscle has a fusiform shape and consists of a short fusiform belly continuing distally as a long tendon inserted on the pecten pubis and the iliopectineal arch. The present study was conducted to obtain more detailed information about the muscle and to expand knowledge about its morphology and morphometry.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000The posterior abdominal wall of 30 adult cadavers was dissected. Anatomical variabilities in origin, insertion, length, width, and muscle-to-cone ratio were measured when PMi was found. The data collected was interpreted descriptively.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000PMi was found in 12 cases, ten bilateral and two unilateral. The origin was constant in all cases and, except for three cases, extended into the iliac fascia and the iliopubic eminence. Morphometric analysis revealed that the average length of the proximal muscle belly and distal tendons was 4.52 ± 1.35 cm and 13.05 ± 0.90 cm, respectively. The mean width of the muscle belly was 1.71 ± 0.17 cm, and that of the tendon was 0.47 ± 0.10 cm. On average, the muscle belly occupied the proximal 33.71 ± 6.15% of the total musculotendinous unit.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Findings confirm the inconsistency of PMi in the study population. Morphological variations became more evident as the tendon approached the insertion level. The muscle's distal attachment to the iliac fascia may partially control the position, mechanical stability of the underlying iliopsoas and this circumstantial function may be clinically related to iliopsoas inflammation and pathology. However, further studies recommended to determine biomechanical validity and clinical applicability of this vestigial muscle in human.","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The morphological variability of the pelvic girdle muscles: a potential trap during ultrasound.","authors":"Marta Pośnik, N. Zielinska, K. Ruzik, Ł. Olewnik","doi":"10.5603/fm.94434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.94434","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The muscles present in the pelvic girdle compartment demonstrate clinically significant anatomical variation regarding both their site of attachment and additions, such as accessory heads, muscles or tendinous slips. Many of those variations might be considered potential traps during ultrasound examination that may result in misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to raise awareness of such possibility.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000A comprehensive search for morphological variations was performed in PubMed and NIH. Relevant papers were listed and citation tracking was accomplished.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Although several anatomical variations of pelvic girdle muscles have been presented, few studies have examined their relevance in ultrasound imaging.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The morphological variability of the pelvic girdle muscles does not vary from such incidence in other regions of the human body; however further ultrasound studies are needed of the numerous morphological variants that can be found in this region.","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-headed psoas major muscle: a case report.","authors":"Marta Pośnik, N. Zielinska, Ł. Olewnik, Mariola Głowacka, P. Łabętowicz","doi":"10.5603/fm.98028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.98028","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Multiple anatomical variations, from anomalous courses to additional structures, have been reported in muscles from different compartments of the human body. We report an extremely rare case of a psoas major muscle presenting as a three-headed structure with variable morphology.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000During a routine dissection of the posterior abdominal wall of a 82-year-old male cadaver, an anomalous PM muscle with supernumerary head was identified, photographed and subjected to further measurement.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Although the anatomy of the dissected posterior abdominal wall structures was typical, a three-headed psoas major muscle composed of superficial, intermediate and deep heads was identified.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000It is important to be aware of morphological variability of muscles, especially those considered to be constant, since an anomalous structure might interfere not only with their functions, but also lead to further clinical consequences.","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible anastomoses between the long branches of the brachial plexus and their clinical significance.","authors":"Karolina Sujka, N. Zielinska, R. S. Tubbs, Ł. Olewnik","doi":"10.5603/fm.93685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.93685","url":null,"abstract":"The brachial plexus consists of nerves that supply the upper limb and some nerves of the back, torso, and neck. It is formed by the ventral rami of C5 to T1 (in some cases, C4 or T2 also contribute). The anterior rami of the spinal nerves unite to the roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches that innervate muscles and skin. An example is associated with terminal branches of the long nerves. Knowledge of this variation is necessary for enabling surgeons, orthopedists, and neurologists to avoid injury during surgical exploration in the arm or axilla region, and for achieving correct diagnoses, because such variability can evoke nonspecific responses. Awareness of this anastomosis is also mandatory for anesthetists performing anesthesia in the upper limb region. The aim of this article is to describe anastomoses between long nerves from the brachial plexus and to consider their clinical significance.","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The morphological variability of the piriformis muscle.","authors":"Ł. Olewnik, N. Zielinska, K. Ruzik, M. Podgórski, Krzysztof Koptas, P. Karauda, A. Balcerzak, B. Gonera, R. S. Tubbs","doi":"10.5603/fm.97774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.97774","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The aim of the study is to create several classifications of the piriformis muscle (PM): proximal and distal attachments, potential fusions, and the relationship with the sciatic nerve. It is the first comprehensive anatomical examination of this subject.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000One hundred and twenty-four lower limbs from 62 cadavers, fixed in 10% formalin, were examined.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The piriformis muscle was present in 120 limbs (96.8% of cases). Four types of proximal attachment were described (I-IV). The most common type was Type I, in which the proximal attachment was at the anterior surface of the sacrum, between S2 and S4 (52 lower limbs; 43.3%). The rarest type was Type IV, in which the proximal attachment was at the gluteal surface of the ilium near the margin of the greater sciatic notch and from the gluteus medius (12 cases; 10%). Three types of distal attachment were distinguished. The most common was Type 1, a single tendon. This type comprised two subtypes: A and B (105 lower limbs; 87.5%). The other two types accounted for 12.5% of the total. Fusions were noted between the piriformis muscle and adjacent muscles in 31.7%. Four patterns were observed in which the sciatic nerve ran against the piriformis muscle. The most common variation in the relationship was the common fibular nerve exiting superior to the piriformis muscle and the tibial nerve passing inferior to it (10 cases; 8.3%).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The piriformis muscle is highly morphologically variable in both its proximal and distal attachments and its relationship with the sciatic nerve. There are four types of proximal attachment and three types of distal attachment. The piriformis muscle shows numerous fusions with its adjacent muscles: gluteus medius or minimus or superior gemellus. A new (fourth) type of relationship was demonstrated between the piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve. The piriformis muscle was absent in four cases.","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The double-headed accessory iliacus muscle: a case report.","authors":"Marta Pośnik, N. Zielinska, P. Łabętowicz, Mariola Głowacka, Ł. Olewnik","doi":"10.5603/fm.98029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.98029","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000Numerous accessory muscles are present in the human body, many of which are clinically significant. We present a case of an anomalous accessory iliacus composed of two heads, whose occurrence and anatomical location indicate a high probability of causing femoral nerve compression.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000During a routine dissection of the posterior abdominal wall of a xx-year-old cadaver, a double headed accessory muscle was noted, measured and photographed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In addition to the normal anatomy of dissected structures from the posterior abdominal wall, an accessory iliacus muscle composed of superficial and deep heads was identified. In addition, the inferior roots of the divided femoral nerve located between the heads was found to follow an unusual course.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000It is important to be aware of morphological variability around structures such as double-headed accessory iliacus muscle presented in this study, due to their association with neurovascular bundles and hip joint. The reported atypical morphology is not widely known in the literature but might be of great clinical significance, therefore knowledge of such variability might be regarded in order to diagnose properly and introduce accurate treatment.","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use and meaning of the anatomical terms plexus choroideus and tela choroidea in veterinary and human medicine.","authors":"Maximilian Koellmberger, Kirsti Witter","doi":"10.5603/fm.98803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.98803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anatomical terms plexus chor(i)oideus (CP) and tela chor(i)oidea (TC) are listed without explanations in the official nomenclature handbooks Terminologia Neuroanatomica and Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. Definitions of CP and TC exhibit discrepancies in medical dictionaries and anatomy handbooks. The aim of our study was to analyse this problem in detail and to discuss a possible unified use of the terms in science and teaching. We conducted a systematic literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, identifying and analysing relevant scholarly articles. Additionally, comprehensive original handbooks on human and veterinary anatomy in English and other European languages were examined. The definitions of the terms CP and TC differed considerably between articles and did not match the most frequently given explanations in handbooks. In general use, it seems to have become accepted that TC represents the smooth, thin part of the roof of third and fourth ventricles, and CP the frond- or fringe-like vascularised structures invaginated into lateral, third and fourth ventricles. However, it is controversial which tissue layers should be included in their description. Etymologically, only the vascular network should be termed (choroid) plexus, but embryologically and functionally, epithelium, pial connective tissue and vascular network form an inseparable entity. Similarly, the smooth part of the ventricle roof consists of a (less) vascularised pia-derived stroma and lining epithelium. Including all these layers in CP as well as TC definition might be advisable and also corresponds to the use of the terms in clinical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological study of superficial palmar arch and the significance in clinical operation.","authors":"Renwei Tian, Hebei Tai, Jingyi Chen, Yating Zhang, Shaoqian Zhang, Jiayi Li, Xiaoying Li, Linghu Yan, Yumei Li","doi":"10.5603/fm.98591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.98591","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The superficial palmar arch is a crucial blood supply to the palm. However, it exhibits significant variations, posing challenges in surgical procedures. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between different types, physiological indices, and the clinical significance of the superficial palmar arch will enhance the accuracy of diagnosing and treating patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000In this study, we dissected a total of 72 specimens, comprising 39 males and 33 females. We observed the type, length, and diameter of the superficial palmar arch and analyzed its correlation with the disease. Additionally, we conducted Doppler ultrasound measurements on 20 healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) and 18 patients with superficial palmar arch injury (10 males and 8 females) to assess the classification, diameter, intimal thickness, and blood flow velocity of the superficial palmar arch. We collected information on 9 male patients with finger fracture and observed the classification of the superficial palmar arch, fracture healing time, and basic function recovery time. Lastly, we analyzed rare variant specimens encountered during the anatomy process.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In the exploration of human anatomy, there were four types of superficial palmar arch: ulnar artery arch type in 17 cases (23.61%), radial ulnar artery type in 46 cases (63.89%), ulnar artery without arch type in 6 cases (8.33%), and 3 cases (4.17%) of double arch type of radial and ulnar artery. One case non-arched type was found in imaging examination (5%). In one elderly male specimen, the hand's superficial palmar arch artery was tortuous and dilated. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the diameter and length of the superficial palmar arch (except the second common palmar digital artery in women), among which the ulnar artery and the third common palmar digital artery had the strongest correlation. Compared to healthy volunteers, patients with ulnar injury in the Radial-ulnar artery type exhibited a decrease in the diameter and blood flow velocity of the ulnar artery, as well as the second and third common palmar digital arteries. No such change was observed in patients with radial injury. Additionally, patients with ulnar injury in other types of Radial-ulnar artery also experienced a decrease in the diameter and blood flow velocity of the ulnar artery. Finger fracture patients with Ulnar artery with arch and Ulnar artery without arch had shorter fracture healing time and basic function recovery time compared to those with Radial-ulnar artery type.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000This study investigated the relationship between the classification, physiological index, and clinical significance of the superficial palmar arch at all levels. The results demonstrated that when the superficial palmar arch is damaged, it is important to consider both the classification and the site of damage, as this can potentially result in improved therapeutic outcomes. The","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of left testicular artery with high origin passing through a left renal vein fenestration.","authors":"Ebru Yılmaz, Cem Tatar, Aleyna Keskin, Büşra Yalçın, Ilke Ali Gurses","doi":"10.5603/fm.98267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.98267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fenestrations of are extremely rare in the venous system, especially renal veins. This paper aims to present a case of left renal vein fenestration where a high origin testicular artery passes through it. Materials and Methods The variation was observed incidentally in a 74-year-old Caucasian male cadaver during routine retroperitoneal dissections for second year medical students.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A fenestration in the mid portion of the left renal vein was observed. The length and height of the fenestration was 23 and 3.6 millimeters, respectively. The left testicular artery passed through the fenestration and followed a normal course distal to the fenestration. Posterior to the left renal vein, the testicular artery originated from the lateral aspect of abdominal aorta, just caudal to the left renal artery. On the right side, the testicular artery had a similar high origin, and two renal arteries were present. No venous variations were observed on the right side.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The long course of the left renal vein is a factor of preference for donor kidney selection. Uncommon variations of the left renal veins, such as fenestrations, might result in a change in surgical technique and would put the left donor kidney at risk of prolonged anastomosis time and lower survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}