Folia morphologica最新文献

{"title":"Nasopalatine canal morphology: CBCT review & nomenclature proposal.","authors":"Ashraf Mohammed Alhumaidi, Mohammed M Al Moaleem, Thrya S Gadah, Nasser M Alahmari, Bandar M A Al Makramani, Khurshid Mattoo, Husham E Homeida","doi":"10.5603/fm.104491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The nasopalatine canal (NPC), or incisive canal, is an interosseous conduit in the premaxilla, located just behind the maxillary central incisors. Its variations must be carefully considered in dental and oral surgical procedures, especially with the higher aesthetic considerations in the premaxilla. This study aims to assess the morphology of NPC and its variations across different populations while proposing a new classification system for naming and describing the NPC.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Followingthe PRISMA guidelines, the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome format was applied to formulate the intensive question. An electronic literature search was conducted in Google Scholar by using the subsequent databases: Clarivate Analytics' or ISI Web of Science, Elsevier's Scopus, and PubMed (MEDLINE). No restriction was placed on studies after the2013 publication year. The keywords used were NPC morphology, incisive canal morphology, incisive foramen, NPC foramen, NPC shape, incisive canal shape,incisive canal,and NPC.Outstanding full-text studies were assessed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and appropriate reports were nominated. The collected data were analyzed and subjected to risk of bias and quality assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten full-length papers with a total of 1697 participants are included.Among them, the cylindrical shape, slant-straight course, and single canal are the most commonly observed in both sagittal and coronal views.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review highlights the significant variability in the anatomical morphology of NPC across different populations, presenting challenges in establishing a standardized classification system. In order, the current study introduces a new, adaptable naming system to be utilized in education, research, and by clinicians during the description of the NPC anatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating sternum development and ossification through computed tomography images: a comparative analysis across age and sex.","authors":"Mensure Sahin, Necati Emre Sahin, Serkan Oner, Seyma Toy, Zulal Oner","doi":"10.5603/fm.103894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of the sternum begins during the intrauterine life and continues until the age of 25 years. However, specific information on the ages at which the development sternum completed remains limited. The aim of this study was to identify the cut-off ages for ossification and fusion of the sternal parts and segments, specifically the manubrium, sternal body and its segments, in both sexes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Computed tomography images of the thorax for 480 individuals (215 females and 265 males) from 0 to 25 years of age were analysed to determine the number of ossification centres in the sternal parts. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the ossification and fusion of the sternum segments for the ages at which ossification and fusion occurred for both sexes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ROC analysis results indicated that the sternal body showed the most significant age-related ossification in both sexes. The optimal cut-off ages for ossification of the manubrium and sternal body were 4 and 15 years for females and 5 and 15, years for males, respectively (p = 0.001). Age significantly influenced the fusion of the sternum segments. The S1-S2 fusion had the highest area under the curve.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study emphasise the importance of age in sternum ossification and fusion. Age-specific ossification patterns were most pronounced in the sternal body. The ROC analysis provided the critical age cut-off points for the developmental stages of the sternum in both sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suboptimal knee prosthesis design for Vietnamese women: a computed tomography-based arthrometric study.","authors":"Tu Hoang Thanh Pham, Hieu Trung Pham, Nam Tu Vu, Hoang Viet Nguyen, Dung Trung Tran, Nang Vo Sy Quyen","doi":"10.5603/fm.103066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mismatches between knee dimensions and implant sizes can result in poor outcomes and dissatisfaction following total knee replacement. We aimed to evaluate knee morphology in Vietnamese women and assess the compatibility of available prostheses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using the full-leg CT scan datasets, we reconstructed 3D models of knee joints with software. After simulating femoral and tibial bone cuts with the mechanical alignment, the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) widths of the resection surfaces were measured. Six available prostheses were analyzed for their compatibility and coverage percent of the resected bone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 40 female patients with osteoarthritis (aged 51-79). AP and ML dimensions of distal femur were 63.07 ± 3.05 mm and 57.46 ± 3.06 mm; those of proximal tibia were 48.95 ± 3.01 mm and 67.14 ± 3.49 mm. Smaller knees exhibited higher femoral aspect ratio (ML/AP) compared to larger knees. Increasing the tibial AP resulted in a smaller ML length of the proximal tibia relative to the tibial component. With the AP and ML mismatch set at ± 1.5 and ± 3 mm, prosthesis system provided the best femoral component fit at only 67.5%. Tibial component coverage rates varied among implant systems, with the best fit prosthesis system covering 92.5% at a tolerance of ± 3 mm for both AP and ML dimensions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current prosthetic options show significant mismatches with the knee morphology of Vietnamese women, highlighting the need for better suited implant designs. Further research is necessary to develop suitable prosthetic solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative anatomy of the growing psoas major muscle in the human fetus - an anatomical, digital and statistical study.","authors":"Magdalena Grzonkowska, Michał Szpinda, Michał Kułakowski, Bartłomiej Hankiewicz, Karol Elster, Mariusz Baumgart","doi":"10.5603/fm.104111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the present study we aimed to quantitatively evaluate the growth of the psoas major in human fetuses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using anatomical dissection, digital-image analysis (NIS Elements AR 3.0), volumetric hydrostatic method, and statistical analysis (Student's t-test, regression analysis), the 10 direct morphometric parameters (4 lengths, 2 widths, 3 projection surface areas, and volume) of the psoas major were evaluated, and then the 5 morphometric indexes (belly width-to-length ratio, tendon width-to-length ratio, belly-to-muscle projection surface area ratio, tendon-to-muscle projection surface area ratio, and tendon-to-belly projection surface area ratio) were calculated in 67 human fetuses of both sexes (31♂, 36♀) aged 16-28 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither male-female nor right-left significant differences were found in relation to numerical data of the growing psoas major. Both the total muscle length and tendon length increased logarithmically, the belly length followed the third-degree polynomial function, both the maximal belly width and midway tendon width followed inverse functions, while the distance from the muscle origin to the widest part of the muscle belly, 3 (muscle, belly and tendon) projection surface areas, and volume increased commensurately to fetal age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In terms of morphometric parameters, the psoas major displays growth dynamics diverse to four functions: from a gradual inhibition of growth which is typical of both natural logarithmic functions (total length and tendon length) and a reverse model (belly width and tendon width) through a linear growth (distance between the origin and the widest belly level, muscle projection surface area, belly projection surface area, tendon projection surface area, and volume) to a hyperbolic growth (belly length).</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumbar plexus - review.","authors":"Nicol Zielinska, Marta Pośnik, Izabella Kaczmarczyk, Ilona Klejbor, George Triantafyllou, Eva Maranillo, Łukasz Olewnik, Janusz Moryś","doi":"10.5603/fm.102600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lumbar plexus is a collection of nerves, and it originates from the anterior rami of the Th12-L5 laterally to the intervertebral foramina. It gives off 6 peripheral nerves, and in the available literature there are a lot of descriptions of each nerve and its possible morphological variations. In some cases, the occurrence of accessory nerve or absence of whole nerve is observed. In other cases, morphological variations regarding the origin, course, or division into more branches are also noticed. Such variations may be associated with some clinical aspects. Understanding the anatomical variations of the lumbar plexus's nerves is essential for procedures involving the lower abdomen, regional anaesthesia, and managing nerve entrapment syndromes. The main aim of this review is to present condensed information on the lumbar plexus based on the available literature. A further aim is to compare the classification systems and the results of previous studies in adults and foetuses. This manuscript also includes information on the most common clinical implications associated with anatomical variations of the individual nerves of the lumbar plexus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring apoptotic pathways in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: combined effects of napabucasin and doxorubicin.","authors":"Ilker Ünlü, Mehmet Cudi Tuncer, Ilhan Özdemir","doi":"10.5603/fm.103887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroblastoma often begins in infancy and one of the most common types of cancer among children is someone. Napabucasin (NP) (BBI608), a natural naphthoquinone emerging as a novel inhibitor of STAT3, has been found to effectively kill cancer stem-like tumor cells. On the other hand, the effect of Napabucasin on SH-SY5Y cells is currently unclear. The effects and mechanisms of NP and doxorubicin (DX) on human metastatic neuroblastoma cells were investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, human neuroblastoma cells line (SHSY-5Y) were used. Apoptotic activation of NP and DX via the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway was evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blot and Tali cytometry. It was also detected by MTT, a cell viability test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NP and DX antiproliferative and invasive effected to SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, NP induced apoptosis by pausing the cell cycle. Moreover, NP treatment inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, which is associated with apoptosis, while it clearly inhibited the expression of Bax and CASP3 genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a results showed that NP and DX suppressed the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and could do this through apoptotic pathways. NP can be used to suppress metastasis of SHSY-5Y cells as an inhibitor of the apoptosis pathway Bcl-2. It is thought that NP, which provides tumor suppression through an apoptotic mechanism, may be an alternative treatment agent in neurological cancers such as neuroblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of stromal vascular fraction in early diabetic nephrotoxicity: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis in type 2 diabetes rat model.","authors":"Amany Elsayed Hamoud, Hanaa Wanas, Ahmed Hamed Bayoumi, Doaa Mahmoud Shauaib, Maha Baligh Zickri, Mai Abdel Aziz Gouda, Ahmed Galal Motawie","doi":"10.5603/fm.103545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), significantly contributes to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Despite conventional treatments aimed at slowing disease progression, there is a pressing need for novel therapies. This study evaluates the potential therapeutic impact of adipose tissue derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on early diabetic nephrotoxicity in a rat model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-one male albino rats were divided into control and diabetic groups, with the latter further split into untreated (T2Da) and SVF-treated (T2Db) subgroups. Biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated that SVF treatment reduced oxidative stress, lowered serum creatinine, and improved renal architecture by mitigating fibrosis and cellular infiltration, suggesting enhanced tissue regeneration and reduced inflammation. SVF also facilitated cellular repair, indicated by increased endothelial cell proliferation and reduced glomerular damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores SVF's potential as a promising regenerative approach for managing early-stage DN, warranting further research to elucidate its mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve - anatomical peculiarities and clinical aspects.","authors":"Angela Babuci, Silvia Stratulat, Zinovia Zorina, Ilia Catereniuc, Anastasia Bendelic, Sergiu Calancea, Sofia Lehtman, Gabriela Motelica, Andrei Mostovei","doi":"10.5603/fm.104026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The expanding number of parotid ablations, reconstructive and aesthetic surgeries of the head and neck, considerably increased the risk of the marginal mandibular branch (MMB) injury. The purpose of our study was to determine the anatomical peculiarities of the MMB depending on the facial nerve branching pattern (FNBP), gender and cephalometric type.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The MMB was dissected on 75 hemiheads of adult embalmed cadavers. The origin, number of branches, topography and connections of the MMB were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven FNBP were identified: Type I (18.7%); Type II (14.7%); Type III (20%); Type IV (14.6%); Type V (5.3%); Type VI (18.7%); Type NI (8%, non-identified types). In males 1-3 MMB were determined and in females 1-4 MMB; p = 0.845. In males, bilaterally were identified 1-3 MMB. In females on the right side were found 1-2 MMB and on the left - 1-4 MMB; p = 0.204. A single MMB was revealed in 41 cases (54.7%), 2 MMB - in 29 cases (38.7%), 3 MMB - in 4 cases (5.3%) and in a single case 4 MMB (1.3%) were determined. Depending on the FNBP, the number of the MMB was: Type I - 1.2 ± 0.43; Type II - 1.5 ± 0.52; Type III - 1.6 ± 0.63; Type IV - 1.5 ± 0.52; Type V - 1.3 ± 0.50; Type VI - 1.9 ± 0.95; Type NI - 1.7 ± 0.82. IGFV = 1.403 (intergroup frequency variation); df = 6 (degree of freedom); p = 0.226. According to the cephalometric type the number of the MMB in mesocephalic type (MCT) was 1.5 ± 0.68; in brachycephalic type (BCT) - 1.6 ± 0.52; in dolichocephalic type (DCT) - 1.9 ± 0.60. IGFV = 1.698; df = 2; p = 0.190. A rare variant of the MMB origin from the temporofacial division of the facial nerve was highlighted in 5.3% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MMB varies depending on the FNBP, gender and cephalometric type. The highest variation degree was characteristic of females, Type VI and DCT. The lowest variation degree was determined in Type I and in MCT, without gender differences. The risk of iatrogenic lesions of the MMB is conditioned by two important aspects: its anatomical variability and large number of surgical interventions at that level.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New connective tissue structure of the wrist area - research on fetal material.","authors":"Katarzyna Siwek, Robert Krupa, Andrzej Mrożek, Zygmunt Domagała, Janusz Moryś, Francesco Maria Galassi, Jagoda Urbańska, Małgorzata Suchanecka","doi":"10.5603/fm.103071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The correct function of the upper limb depends on the cooperation and coordination of the muscular and skeletal systems as well as the connective tissue elements present in it. Connective tissue forms fascia, connective tissue membranes and ligaments. Connective tissue mostly develops from the mesenchyme. It is formed from the intercellular substance consisting of protein fibrous elements and the ground substance. The fibrous elements generally fulfill the mechanical function of the intercellular substance. There are three types of fibrous elements: collagen fibers, reticular fibers and elastic fibers. The aim of the study was to examine the occurrence of fibrous structures in the wrist area in fetal material stored in the Prenatal Laboratory of the Department of Anatomy of the Wroclaw Medical University (Wroclaw, Poland). The research included 114 fetuses (53 male and 61 female) of between 117.0 and 197.0 (median 177.0) days of fetal life. The study showed 100% prevalence of a ring-shaped connective tissue structure on the radial side of the wrist located around the tendon of the \"flexor carpi radialis muscle\", previously unobserved in fetuses. Its bilaterality was found in 57.9% and unilaterality in 42.1% of the examined fetuses. In male fetuses, the ring-shaped structure was located in the right upper limb in 68.9% of the examined limbs, and in the left in 80.3%. Bilaterality was 49.2%, and unilaterality 50.8%. In female fetuses, this structure was observed in the right limbs in 84.9%, and in the left in 77.4%. Bilaterality was 61.1%, and unilaterality 38.9%. The structure that was observed has not been described in fetuses so far; only in one study authors describing a similar change in adults calls it an \"Annular Pulley\" and connects its significance with the system of disc-shaped ligaments of the tendons of the flexor muscles of the hand, which are an element of the attachment system of tendons to the skeletal system. Its function within the ligamentous and retinacular system of the wrist remains unknown. This is the first study to describe the occurrence of the \"AP\" in fetal material. Further research is required to understand its role in the biomechanics of the upper limb and its histological structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric analysis of the external nose in young adults.","authors":"Wirginia Likus, Kamila Gromek, Michał Giller, Tomasz Kowal, Renata Wilk, Jarosław Markowski","doi":"10.5603/fm.103714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthropometric analysis of the midface is essential, especially for rhinoplasty surgeons, medical aesthetics, medical jurisprudence, and anthropology. The aim of this study was to provide data to describe of the anthropometric dimensions of the nose and face among Caucasian young adults in order to establish reference values.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted among 289 Polish students (115 men and 174 women). The mean age in the study group was 20.44 ± 1.93 years. In this study 10 linear measurements of the face and nose were determined, 7 indices were calculated, including Facial Index and Nasal Index. The prevalence of facial and nasal types was determined. The dimensions and indexes were compared in both sexes. The results obtained were compared with the results of other authors on Caucasian groups including the Polish population in similar age ranges. Statistical analysis was performed. The level of statistical significance was taken as p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common face type in the study group was hyperleptoprosopic (very narrow face) and leptoprosopic (narrow face) 32.17%, 31.30% in the female group and 32.76%, 29.31%, in the male group, respectively. The most common nose type was leptorrhine (narrow nose), 74.76%. All measured linear dimensions were greater in men except for nasal root width. Similar results were obtained among indices with the exception of nasal length index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the obtained measurements can be used by surgeons when planning reconstructive, corrective and aesthetic nasal surgery to ensure an aesthetically pleasing appearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}