Folia morphologica最新文献

{"title":"Zygomaticofacial foramen and its surgical anatomy in plastic and maxillofacial surgery - a systematic review with a meta-analysis.","authors":"Grzegorz Fibiger, Katarzyna Majka, Jakub Obrzut, Maksymilian Osiowski, Aleksander Osiowski, Radosław Chudy, Tetiana Tkachuk, Julia Wędrychowicz, Anna Fibiger, Tomasz S Kozioł, Jerzy A Walocha, Przemysław Pękala, Jonasz Tempski","doi":"10.5603/fm.104757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A comprehensive understanding of the ZFF is essential in clinical and surgical settings, particularly in procedures involving facial trauma repair, reconstructive and plastic surgery. The aim of this meta-analysis was to obtain anatomical data on ZFF and its variations, in order to emphasize its physiological, as well as clinical implications. A large-scale search was conducted in all major databases (PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science) in order to determine and pool all available and relevant ZFF data. A total of 22 studies (5438 skull sides) was included. The analysis revealed that in the majority of skull sides, the number of ZFF is one (45.34%, 95% CI: 41.56-49.12), followed by two (25.83%, 95% CI: 18.27-33.39), and then zero (14.11%, 95% CI: 10.15-18.07). The mean diameter of ZFF was 1.23 mm (95% CI: 0.33-2.13). The mean distance from the ZFF to the zygomatic angle was 12.02 mm (95% CI: 10.06-13.98), to the closest point of the orbital rim - 6.71 mm (95% CI: 5.98-7.43), to the midpoint of frontozygomatic suture - 25.50 mm (95% CI: 24.91-26.10), and to the lowest point of the zygomaticomaxillary suture - 19.00 mm (95% CI: 18.39-19.61). Understanding the precise anatomy and variability of the ZFF's prevalence, number and spatial relationships is critical in surgical and clinical practices involving the midfacial region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meyer's loop and its anatomical importance in surgical planning - a systematic review.","authors":"Agata Mazurek, Urszula Durlak, Viktoriia Popadynets, Julia Dyrcz, Jerzy A Walocha, Tomasz Iskra","doi":"10.5603/fm.104490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Meyer's loop (ML), the anterior extension of the optic radiation, is critical in neurosurgical planning for temporal lobe procedures. Establishment of accurate localization of ML relative to key anatomical landmarks is crucial to minimize post-surgical visual field deficits.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases from September to December 2024, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Anatomical and radiological studies focused on distances from Meyer's loop to surgical landmarks were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,466 identified studies, 27 met the inclusion criteria (21 radiological and 6 anatomical). 26 of included articles presented measurements of ML-TP distance which ranged from 14.0 to 54.4 mm. Asymmetry of the ML was observed in approximately half of the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review highlights the variability in ML positioning. Thorough individualized surgical planning with properly selected imaging protocol might reduce the risk of postoperative visual field deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opinions of doctors and students regarding teaching aids used during human anatomy course in medical faculties assessed with a questionnaire.","authors":"Jarosław Fugiel, Anna Rohan-Fugiel, Bartosz Poniewierka, Adam Wiatkowski, Marek Syrycki, Dominika Domagała","doi":"10.5603/fm.101743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.101743","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The human anatomy course is a fundamental subject in medical education. Understanding the structure and topography of the human body is essential for the years to come and is vital in a doctor's career. Quality education for future doctors is key to teaching process which requires adequate equipment to ensure proper level of training. This concerns the need to create several dissecting rooms to accommodate preserved specimens and whole corpses. It is also necessary to employ teaching, laboratory and technical staff with appropriate competences and experience. Various educational resources have been introduced recently to support anatomy education and enhance teaching, such as virtual anatomical tables and digital anatomical applications, which are already being used by some universities. However, the question remains: can these new methods replace traditional teaching ones? Should the virtual experience prevail over cadaver dissection, during anatomy course? The objective of the study was to gather opinions from doctors and medical students on the effectiveness of teaching human anatomy using anatomical preparations, cadaver dissection, digital applications and other resources to support the educational process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 962 participants joined the study, including 127 doctors (20 residents and interns) and 835 students (154 first year students and 681 second- to sixth-year students). The study employed a diagnostic survey method, using a questionnaire as the primary tool. In the section of the questionnaire where respondents were asked to evaluate educational resources for teaching human anatomy, they were asked to assess the effectiveness of learning through anatomical preparations, cadaver dissection and digital anatomical applications. The frequency of responses (in percentages) was calculated and differences between doctors and students were analysed using chi-square test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Majority of respondents agreed that anatomical knowledge is important for other subjects in later years of medical studies and for future professional work. This opinion was shared by both doctors and medical students. Similar amount of respondents also considered anatomical preparations and human cadavers to be the most effective way to teach anatomy. Virtual programs are seen as an interesting and useful additional teaching tool, but they cannot replace hands-on experience in the form of dissection. This was expressed by both doctors and medical students.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Knowledge of human anatomy is a basic requirement for doctors and the skills acquired through practical classes using anatomical preparations and autopsies are extremely important. Digital anatomical programs are useful as an additional resource in the educational process but cannot replace dissection room classes where students gain hands-on experience in actual cadaver pre","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical treatment for acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis.","authors":"Julia Walkowska, Nicol Zielinska, Piotr Łabętowicz, Bartłomiej Szewczyk, Mariola Głowacka, Janusz Moryś, Ilona Klejbor, Łukasz Olewnik","doi":"10.5603/fm.102684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatitis, considered by clinicians as one of the most demanding abdominal disorders, is a life-threatening disease resulting in numerous complications if treated without early diagnosis or specialized medical care. Management is based on supportive care, including rehydration, pain control, continuous monitoring of vital signs and assessment of organ function, and on early oral feeding. However, there are cases such as acute gallstone pancreatitis, necrotising pancreatitis or acute fulminant (hemorrhagic) pancreatitis that require operative or surgical intervention. As the recent years have brought more experience in the treatment of different types and subtypes of pancreatitis, the guidelines concerning the most effective therapeutic methods, including invasive treatment, are now changing. The aim of the research is to present surgical treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) in the light of changing patterns of management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique combination of two arterial variations in the neck. A case report with a proposal for enhancement of the existing classifications.","authors":"Lyubomir Gaydarski, Kristina Petrova, Iva N Dimitrova, Łukasz Olewnik, Georgi P Georgiev, Boycho Landzhov","doi":"10.5603/fm.103521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variations in the origin and branching pattern of the superior laryngeal artery are critically crucial for both anatomical understanding and clinical practice, especially for procedures involving the larynx. The superior laryngeal artery typically originates from the superior thyroid artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. However, alternative origins of this artery-such as from the external carotid artery, the common carotid artery, or other branches-have been documented in rare cases. Herein, we present a rare configuration of the external carotid artery branches identified on the left side of the neck of a 76-year-old male cadaver. A shared linguofacial trunk originated from the external carotid artery and then divided into the facial and lingual arteries. Afterward, the lingual artery gave rise to the superior laryngeal artery, which initially coursed horizontally before curving downward toward the larynx. Understanding such anatomical variations is essential for safe and effective surgical intervention and accurate diagnostic imaging, as these patterns can significantly impact surgical approaches in laryngeal procedures, neck reconstructive surgeries, and targeted intra-arterial chemotherapy for cancers affecting the larynx and hypopharynx.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological characteristics of developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland: a prospective single-center cohort study.","authors":"Iryna Samec, Marek Samec, Gabriela Hešková, Ľubomír Straka, Martin Janík, Desanka Výbohová","doi":"10.5603/fm.102943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid diverticulum originates between the first and second pharyngeal pouches, and descends via the thyroglossal duct to the level of CV to TI vertebra. By the 6th week of gestation the thyroglossal duct starts to obliterate. Failure in its obliteration causes differentiation of the distal part into the pyramidal lobe (PL), while the cranial portion may alter into a fibromuscular remnant - levator glandulae thyreoideae (LGT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Morphological characteristics of PL and LGT were prospectively observed in 86 cadavers (66 male and 20 female).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PL was observed in 59.3%, occurring more frequently in male cadavers (60.61%) compared to female cadavers (55%). PL was more frequent on the left side (50.98%) than on the right side (39.22%). Junctional PL was determined in 58.82%, isthmic PL in 27.45%, and lobar PL in 13.73%. The average height, width, and area of PL reached 23.81 mm, 13.13 mm, and 320.16 mm², respectively. The most frequent height-to-width ratio of PL was 1.3 : 1. LGT was observed in 47.67% of cadavers. LGT prevailed in male cadavers (48.48%) over female cadavers (45%). LGT occurred commonly on the left side (53.66%) than on the right side (31.71 %). Macroscopic evaluation demonstrated prevalence of fibrous LGTs (65.85%). Hyopyramidal type of LGT was observed in 70.73% of cadavers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowledge gained from this study is applicable in the surgical field to reduce the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications in thyroid surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of temporomandibular joint morphology of bifid mandibular condyles: a cone beam computed tomography study.","authors":"Ayse Zeynep Zengin, Tuna Sumer, Kubra Cam","doi":"10.5603/fm.104250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is an extremely rare condition characterized by dublicity of the head of the mandibular condyle. Knowledge about the morphology of BMC may help to understand the development course of condyle and differential diagnosis of fractures or tumors in condylar area. The aim of this study was to examine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hard tissue morphology of BMCs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>1900 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the mandibular condylar heads examined for the presence of bifidity. When BMC were identified, morphological assessment and measurements of bone components of TMJ were done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>69 BMC were detected in 56 patients (3%). It was observed that 43 (76.8%) patients presented unilateral and 13 (23.2%) patients presented bilateral BMCs. 59.4% of condyles were mostly seen in mediolateral (ML) orientation and 40.6% of them were both ML and anteroposterior (AP) orientation. 46.4% of cases showed wide and shallow groove; 53.6% had deep and narrow groove on coronal images. 60 BMCs had osteoarthritic changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBCT is an excellent imaging modality for accurate imaging of the bony components of TMJ. Due to the widespread use of CBCT, the prevalence of BMC is likely to be higher than has been previously reported and reported new cases in literature could be useful for dentists for improving their knowledge about this variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of puboprostatic and pubovesical ligaments in urinary incontinence: a systematic review.","authors":"Sabrina Costantini, Yuvedha Senthil, Michael J Montalbano, Marios Loukas","doi":"10.5603/fm.103822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The puboprostatic ligament (PPL) and pubovesical ligament (PVL) are critical anatomical structures that play a significant role in maintaining urinary continence by supporting the urethra and bladder neck. Despite their well-documented functions, the impact of preserving or reconstructing these ligaments during surgical procedures, particularly radical prostatectomy, on continence outcomes remains underexplored. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the anatomy, function, and clinical implications of the PPL and PVL. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed following PRISMA guidelines, selecting studies related to the anatomical characteristics, functional roles, and clinical management of these ligaments. Anatomical studies consistently highlight the structural complexity and supportive roles of the PPL and PVL in maintaining urethral and bladder neck positioning, which are essential for continence. Functional studies on the other hand further explain their involvement in the urethral closure process while clinical evidence demonstrates that sparing or reconstructing these ligaments during radical prostatectomy significantly improves both early and long-term continence outcomes, suggesting that their preservation is crucial for enhancing postoperative continence recovery. The findings emphasize the importance of these ligaments in continence mechanisms and advocate for their consideration in future surgical innovations. Further research is needed to refine surgical techniques and to better understand the biomechanical properties of these ligaments to optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genitofemoral nerve course and branching variations: what we see during laparoscopic extended pelvic lymph-node dissection in radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and how to avoid intraoperative lesions? A retrospective analysis.","authors":"Flavio Forte, Elena De Santis, Carlo Introini, Anastasios Asimakopoulos, Roberto Cirocchi, Mauro Palmieri, Alessandra Serraino, Luigi Cofone, Marco Artico, Francesco Maria Galassi","doi":"10.5603/fm.102220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The genitofemoral nerve is the most variable nerve of the lumbar plexus, in terms of its course and bifurcation, thus it must be taken into consideration during extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Its borders, during robotic, laparoscopic or open radical prostatectomy for intermediate or high-grade prostate cancer, have long been defined and must be usually respected; the genitofemoral nerve represents the extended pelvic lymph-node dissection lateral boundary and may vary from case to case putting its integrity at risk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For the first time, here the authors report genitofemoral nerve branching pattern data obtained extended pelvic lymph node dissection during videolaparoscopic radical prostatectomyand propose a further sub-classification to identify the exact genitofemoral nerve bifurcation point in correlation with the injury risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The surgical results show the prevalence of a genitofemoral nerve originating as a single trunk which divides into two branches and highlight how this condition occurs at external iliac artery upper third in more than 75% of cases. Furthermore, at the femoral canal inlet the genitofemoral nerve two branches were mainly seen lying laterally sided and below the external iliac artery, or in the middle of external iliac artery and external iliac vein.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowledge and recognition of the genitofemoral nerve course and bifurcation points deduced from the extended pelvic lymph node dissection and, in any case, applicable to all major pelvic surgery, can prove helpful in avoiding iatrogenic nerve injuries during extended pelvic lymph node dissection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal bone pneumatization: meta-analysis of its characteristics with implications for head and neck surgery.","authors":"Elżbieta Szczepanek, Patryk Ostrowski, Michał Bonczar, Mateusz Michalczak, Małgorzata Szczepanek, Martyna Dziedzic, Magdalena Grzonkowska, Aleksandra Kot, Tomasz Gładysz, Kazimierz Niemczyk, Mateusz Koziej","doi":"10.5603/fm.104377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.104377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present meta-analysis aimed to analyze the morphological and morphometric aspects of temporal bone pneumatization based on the data in the available literature. It is hoped that our results may be useful for physicians, especially head and neck surgeons, performing procedures in the temporal bone region.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in which all articles regarding the temporal bone pneumatization were searched for. Major medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library were searched through. The overall search process was conducted in 3 stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the analyses were based on the results of 3482 patients. The pooled mean surface area of the mastoid air cell system in adults was found to be 174.68 cm² (SE = 29.58). In children (14-18 years old) mean of the said parameter was found to be 114.36 cm² (SE = 44.21). The pooled mean volume of mastoid pneumatization in adults was found to be 7.74 cm³ (SE = 1.14). The pooled mean volume of the temporal bone pneumatization in adults was found to be 8.41 cm³ (SE = 0.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present meta-analysis analyzed the characteristics of TBP. Our results show the mean values of the morphometric properties of the air cell system in humans. This information may be highly significant when performing numerous otolaryngological procedures, such as mastoidectomies or skull base operations in the area of the petrous apex. Furthermore, the present study results prove how the size of the air cells increases with age. It is hoped that our results may be useful for physicians operating on the temporal bone.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}