Folia morphologica最新文献

{"title":"Carrying angle among young adults of Saudi Arabia and its correlation with demographic characteristics: A cross sectional study.","authors":"Jaya Shanker Tedla, Raghu Jetti, Batool Abdulelah Alkhamis, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Mastour Saeed Alshahrani, Devika Rani Sangadala, Vikram Sreenivasa Rao, Debjani Mukherjee, Ahlam Mohammed Alamri, Hind Khalid Ali AlQahtani","doi":"10.5603/fm.101752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The angle between the median axes of the forearm and arm is called the carrying angle (CA). Sex differences in CA and its relation to age, height, weight, and BMI are unclear. The aim of the present study was to measure the CA in male and female subjects in the Saudi population and correlate it with the above variables.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A digital goniometer was used to measure CA in 181 males and 165 females. Information on age, height, weight, and BMI was also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CA showed differences based on sex, though was independent of age, height, weight, and BMI. Hormonal factors may influence CA and could explain larger CA values in female subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CA measurement in specific population groups contributes to the successful management of several pathological conditions of the elbow and aids in the design of elbow orthotics and prosthetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal structural changes and apelin receptor expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats: implications for hypertension-induced kidney injury.","authors":"Stancho Stanchev, Lyubomir Gaydarski, Iva N Dimitrova, Georgi Kotov, Boycho Landzhov, Vidin Kirkov, Alexandar Iliev","doi":"10.5603/fm.100637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arterial hypertension is a primary risk factor for kidney disease. Recent advances have implied a potential link between the apelin system and renal homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We used 6- and 12-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats and age-matched normotensive controls to assess the changes in the renal expression of the apelin receptor by immunohistochemical method. The study also evaluated correlations between the renal apelin receptor's expression and renal injury indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The histological analysis showed elevated glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage indices in both groups of hypertensive rats compared to age-matched controls. Older rats within each group exhibited higher scores than younger ones. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed varying apelin receptor expression patterns, with tubular expression intensifying both with hypertension severity and age. Glomerular expression was notably higher in older hypertensive rats compared to normotensive controls. We reported significant positive correlations between glomerular apelin receptor expression and glomerular sclerosis index in older hypertensive animals. Similarly, a positive correlation between tubular apelin receptor expression and tubulointerstitial damage index was discovered in hypertensive rats, suggesting hypertension-related changes in apelin receptor expression and renal damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found kidney changes and varying apelin receptor correlations in hypertensive rat kidneys, suggesting complex roles needing research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and morphometric analysis of the Sacral Hiatus using lumbosacral spine CT scans: clinical relevance in Caudal Epidural Analgesia.","authors":"Apurba Patra, Harmeet Kaur, Priti Chaudhary, Adil Asghar, Navneh Samagh, Jerzy Andrzej Walocha, Bartosz Rutowicz, Karolina Brzegowy-Solewska, Dariusz Lusina, Janusz Skrzat","doi":"10.5603/fm.101363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.101363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To conduct a morphological and morphometric analysis of the sacral hiatus (SH) using lumbosacral spine CT scans and to evaluate its clinical relevance in caudal epidural analgesia (CEA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 77 lumbosacral spine CT scans from a diverse patient population. The shape of the SH was classified into common types: inverted U, inverted V, irregular, and bilobed. Morphometric measurements included the length, width, and depth at the apex of the SH. The apex level of the SH was also determined in relation to the sacral vertebrae, and statistical analysis was performed to identify any correlation between the apex level and the morphometric dimensions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequent SH shape was inverted U (68.83%), followed by inverted V (20.77%), irregular (9%), and a single instance of a bilobed shape (1.29%). The apex of the SH was most commonly located at the level of the S4 vertebra (75.32%), followed by the S3 vertebra (20.77%), S5 in two (2.59) and S2 in one (1.29%). No significant correlation was found between the level of the apex and the length, width, or depth of the SH. These findings indicate a high degree of anatomical variability in the SH, independent of the apex level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The anatomical variability of the SH, as observed in this study, underscores the need for individualized assessment during CEA. The lack of correlation between the apex level and the morphometric dimensions of the SH highlights the importance of imaging modalities such as ultrasound or fluoroscopy to ensure precise localization and effective analgesia administration. These insights can improve clinical outcomes by enhancing the accuracy and safety of caudal epidural procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual morphology of an aberrant right subclavian artery: a case report and systematic review of cadaveric studies .","authors":"Kseniia Panteleeva, Dalia Bornstein, Neel Badhe, Perry Maskell, Cecilia Brassett, Sarah Fawcett","doi":"10.5603/fm.99244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.99244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is a rare vascular anomaly defined by the origin of the right subclavian artery from the aorta, distal to the left subclavian artery (LSA). An ARSA was found in an 83-year-old female during cadaveric dissection for anatomy teaching, which had an unusually narrow lumen compared to previously reported cases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The specific morphology of this ARSA variant was characterised by further dissection and measurements. A systematic review of cadaveric case reports with quantitative evaluation of ARSA dimensions was conducted for comparison with this case.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This ARSA variant exhibited an unusually narrow lumen (8.22 mm²) compared to the LSA (152.55²), with an ARSA: LSA ratio of 0.24. The systematic review included 17 studies with 23 cases of ARSAs. Of these cases, 20 contained details of ARSA diameter, 19 of which were wider than in this case. In all studies where both ARSA and LSA diameters were measured, ARSA was found to be significantly wider than LSA (mean ratio of ARSA to LSA: 1.49, range: 1.09-2.00). Several other variations were reported in these studies, such as concomitant aortic arch branch anomalies and differing origins of ARSA as defined by vertebral level and relation to the aortic arch.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case report presents an unusually narrow ARSA which has not been previously described in the literature. As there is limited evidence on how ARSA morphology affects clinical outcomes, further research is needed to better inform management of ARSAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal development and growth of extensor tendons and their sheaths in the dorsal side of the wrist and hand: a histological study.","authors":"Chun-Ai Li, Shogo Hayashi, Zhe Wu Jin, Masahito Yamamoto, Yoko Ueda, Gen Murakami","doi":"10.5603/fm.101833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.101833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To understand considerable variations in number of adult extensor ten-dons at the dorsal side of the wrist and hand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We examined histological sections from 30 human fetuses of gestational age 7-39 weeks and crown-rump length 22-323 mm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the carpal level, earlier or smaller fetuses showed a simpler configuration with fewer tendon slips, whereas later or larger fetuses had a greater number of tendon slips with considerable variations in number and topographical relationships. Tendon slips of the early extensor digitorum to the middle and ring fingers were always 1 or 2, but were seven or more at late term. A tendon of the extensor digitorum to the little fin-ger could not be distinguished from other tendons at the carpal bone level. At the meta-carpal bone level, however, it extended from the ring finger tendon toward two slips of the extensor digiti minimi tendon. At the distal carpal level at midterm and late term, in which the tendon sheath was lost, each of the extensor digitorum tendon slips further divided to provide a mediolateral linear cluster of thin bundles. This large number of tendon components joined and united together to provide a single tight tendon at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joints. The extensor pollicis longs tendon usually lost a membranous septation when it crossed the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tendon slips in the fourth and fifth canals of the sheath were most likely to reduce in number after birth depending on the mechanical demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of asterion and its relationship to the transverse and sigmoid venous sinuses.","authors":"Thanasil Huanmanop, Tanat Tabtieang, Sirikorn Dokthien, Poramed Amorntodsapornpong, Sithiporn Agthong, Vilai Chentanez","doi":"10.5603/fm.100194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asterion has been recognized as the external skull landmark for localization of the transverse and sigmoid sinus junction (TSJ). This study aimed to localize the asterion using the intersection of the Frankfurt horizontal plane (FHP) line and a vertical line from the mastoid tip, and to determine its relationship with the transverse and sigmoid sinuses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Distances from the asterion to the FHP and vertical line were measured on 200 dry skulls (100 males and 100 females). In addition, 48 cadavers (24 males and 24 females) underwent asterion drilling, and the relationship with the transverse and sigmoid sinuses was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In most skulls, the asterion was superior to the FHP line, with average distances of 0.5 ± 0.3 cm on both sides. Distances to the vertical line were 3.7 ± 0.4 cm and 3.9 ± 0.4 cm for the left and right sides, respectively. These distances were statistically significant different between sides but not between sexes. The location of asterion was mainly over the TSJ (54%) and transverse sinus (42%). The accuracy of a predictive method was evaluated in additional 10 cadavers. The predicted positions were located with distances ranging from 0 to 1.3 cm in the horizontal plane (0.4 ± 0.4 cm) and 0 to 0.7 cm in the vertical plane (0.3 ± 0.2 cm) from the asterion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms the anatomical relationship between the asterion and TSJ including the transverse sinus. Alternative method for localizing the asterion was also introduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of SERCA2a gene-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in male albino rats.","authors":"Amany Elsayed Hamoud, Maha Baligh Zickri, Enas Ahmed Mohamed, Samar F Miski, Hanaa Wanas","doi":"10.5603/fm.101080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide, cancer is still the primary cause of death, and one of the most widely used anthracyclines for treating cancer is doxorubicin (DOX). But a major worry is DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, which is primarily resulted from an excess of reactive oxygen species. Heart sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion ATPase2a (SERCA2a) controls the amount of calcium ions stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of SERCA2a gene modified adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (AMSCs-dE) to nontransfected AMSCs-dE, in DOX induced cardiomyopathy in adult male albino rat.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty one adult male albino rats were randomly divided into control group and DOX group that further subdivided into three DOX, AMSCs-dE and SERCA2a AMSCs-dE subgroups. AMSCs-dE were administered intravenously (IV). The levels of serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) were assessed after DOX injection and before sacrifice. Cardiac muscle samples were taken for histological analysis using Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin stains two months after the experiment. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and connexin 43 were stained using immunohistochemistry. The expression of TNF and SERCA2a genes and proteins was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot (Wb) analysis, respectively. Fluorescent microscopy demonstrated non-transfected and transfected exosomes labeled with PKH26 and GFP, respectively, in culture and cardiac muscle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DOX induced myocarditis progressing to degenerative and fibrotic changes in cardiac muscle that regressed in response to AMSCs-dE therapy. However, SERCA2a gene modified AMSCs-dE treatment reversed the mentioned parameters to nearly its normal level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that SERCA2a gene modification enhances the therapeutic efficacy of AMSCs-dE in treating DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The arterial blood supply of the ovaries: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Monika Konarska-Włosińska, Ameen Nasser, Patryk Ostrowski, Michał Bonczar, Kajetan Ochwat, Jerzy Walocha, Mateusz Koziej","doi":"10.5603/fm.101167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.101167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ovaries, resembling almonds in shape and size, are vital organs that serve as the female gonads where oocytes, or female gametes, undergo development and where various reproductive hormones are produced. The ovaries receive their arterial blood supply predominately from the ovarian artery but also from the ascending branches of the uterine artery. The arterial anatomy of the ovaries is highly significant in any gynecological surgical procedure, as hemorrhagic complications may be fatal. Therefore, the main objective of the present review is to comprehensively describe the complete anatomy of the arterial blood supply of the ovaries. The arterial blood supply to the ovaries is facilitated by a complex network of arteries, frequently characterized by diverse anastomoses. Notably, the ovarian artery and uterine artery exhibit significant variability, presenting challenges for physicians performing gynecological and endovascular procedures. This study showcased comprehensive and detailed insights into the arterial blood supply of the ovaries, serving as a valuable resource for practitioners navigating the complexities of these procedures. By offering clear and detailed information, the present study aimed to enhance the effectiveness and safety of medical interventions involving the ovaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decalcification-free technique on the analysis of dental pulp tissue: histological and immunohistochemical analysis.","authors":"Maria Teresa Hernandez-Solis, Edith Lara-Carrillo, Victor Hugo Toral-Rizo, Ronell Eduardo Bologna-Molina","doi":"10.5603/fm.101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.101002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Histological techniques are essential for the microscopic study and investigation of the human dental pulp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of decalcification-free technique by examining dental pulp morphology by histological staining with haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 30 healthy third molars extracted for orthodontic indication, the pulp tissue was obtained by removing the mineralized tissues, separating the enamel and dentine and by marking with a flexible diamond disc on the coronal surface and longitudinal axis of the root. These guides made it possible to separate the fragments and obtain the pulp tissue for fixation and staining with H&E and subsequent immunohistochemistry with CD34 and S-100 antibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The technique showed preservation of pulp morphology with adequate preservation of microscopic structures. No alterations in tissue viability were observed. The staining allowed an accurate assessment of vascular and nervous components by means of CD34 and S-100 markers, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This technique allows preservation of pulp tissue, maintaining viable tissue for histological analysis and immunohistochemistry tests, as well as reducing sample processing time.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bicaudatus sartorius muscle: a rare variant with potential clinical implications.","authors":"George Tsakotos, Łukasz Olewnik, George Triantafyllou, Georgi P Georgiev, Nicol Zielinska, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.5603/fm.100528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sartorius muscle (SM) belongs to the thigh anterior compartment musculature. It corresponds to the longest muscle of the human body, while its variations are described rarely. The current case reports aims to describe a distal bifurcation of the SM, forming the bicaudatus SM variant.</p><p><strong>Materials and: </strong>M: ETHODS: An 84-year-old male cadaver was dissected for educational and research purposes at the Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the left lower limb, the SM was typically originated from the anterior superior iliac spine. After 351.22 mm length, it was bifurcated into an anterior and posterior part. Both muscular parts were contributing to the pes anserinus morphology. Femoral nerve branches were providing innervation to the variant muscle, while the saphenous nerve and vein were coursed posteriorly to the variant muscle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SM morphological variability is described quite rarely. The current case report corresponds to the bicaudatus SM variant. Accessory parts of SM could lead to compression symptoms to the femoral nerve anterior branches, as well as to the saphenous nerve.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}