Folia morphologica最新文献

{"title":"Is there a sexual dimorphism in Wormian bones presence? A study on Polish and Lithuanian sample.","authors":"Agata Bisiecka, Barbara Kwiatkowska, Agnieszka Tomaszewska, Janusz Moryś","doi":"10.5603/fm.102927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wormian bones (WB) originate from accessory ossification centers and occurr irregularly within cranial sutures. They are common, however some authors claim that in particular cases WB may reflect the developmental instability. Since males are more susceptible to environmental disturbances (which can lead to developmental instability), it is crucial to establish the possible discrepancy in WB appearance among sexes. The aim of study was to examine the sexual differences in WB presence.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>317 adult skeletons from Polish and Lithuanian series: Ostrów Lednicki (185: 135 males and 50 females), Bokštro gatve 6 (69: 42 males and 27 females), and Subačiaus gatve 7 (63: 44 males and 19 females) were selected. Number of WB was noted, and their diameters were measured. In the Lithuanian sample the area of single WB's was measured photogrammetrically. Statistical calculations were performed with the significance defined as p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among Polish sample 117/135 (86.7%) of males and 35/50 (70%) of females represented at least one WB. In the Lithuanian sample it was 65/86 (75.6%) and 28/46 (60.9%), respectively. Difference was significant in Polish (p = 0.009) sample. The sexual difference of WB number was significant (p = 0.01 for Polish and p = 0.02 for Lithuanian sample).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sexual dimorphism of appearance and number of WB has been confirmed. WB are observed in greater numbers in males, but sexual differences are rarely analyzed statistically. There is a need for further work on sexual dimorphism of WB, especially in non-Asian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silymarin protected the cerebral tissue from endoplasmic reticulum stress.","authors":"Abdulmutalip Karaaslanlı, Mehmet Cudi Tuncer, Fırat Aşır, Tuğcan Korak","doi":"10.5603/fm.102523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our aim is to explore silymarin's protective effects against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) modulation and elucidate potential enriched pathways through in silico analysis of silymarin-associated PERK protein interactors in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>30 rats were categorized into three groups: sham, IR and IR + silymarin groups. Cerebral IR damage was not induced. Only the MCA was identified and clamped without further intervention. Sham group received only physiological serum intravenously. IR group, rats were exposed to 2 hours ischaemia and following 3 hours reperfusion. In IR + silymarin group received 1 μg/kg silymarin intravenously (i.v.) before inducing cerebral IR. Cerebral tissues were processed for histological tissue preparation. Hematoxylin-Eosin and PERK immunostaining was applied. In Cytoscape software, we imported and integrated the silymarin and PERK protein-protein interaction networks generated from the STITCH and STRING databases, respectively. Subsequently, Reactome pathway annotation was performed for this intersected network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the sham group, neurons were large and round with oval nuclei, and no histopathological changes were observed. In the IR group, neurons and neuroglial cells showed degeneration with pyknotic nuclei, apoptotic bodies, dilated and congested cerebral capillaries, and numerous vacuoles. After silymarin treatment, the IR + silymarin group showed a restoration of normal histology, with more regular neural and neuroglial cells and decreased vessel dilation and congestion. PERK immunoexpression was mainly negative in the sham group, increased in the IR group, and decreased again in the IR + silymarin group. Upon intersecting the interactors of silymarin and PERK, 17 common proteins were identified. Reactome pathway analysis revealed potential impacts of these proteins on key pathways including immune and cytokine signaling, apoptosis, estrogen signaling, and extracellular matrix degradation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Silymarin's targeting of PERK offers a promising approach to alleviate ER stress and potentially modulate multiple critical pathways in cerebral ischaemia reperfusion, serving as a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for managing cerebral IR injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of left kidney vein entrapment signs on computed tomography angiography images of kidney donors.","authors":"Eray Atli, Murat Ferhat Ferhatoglu, Alp Gurkan","doi":"10.5603/fm.102679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Nutcracker phenomenon (NC-P) is the entrapment of the left kidney vein (LKV) between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal portion of the aorta. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of significant left renal vein compression in a healthy population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The computed tomography angiography images of the 131 healty patients who underwent living kidney donor nephrectomy at our institution were enrolled in this retrospective, descriptive anatomic study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three (2.3%) cases had severe, 26 (19.8) had moderate stenosis. The mean aorto-mesenteric angle was more narrow in females (p< 0.05). The mean LKV diameter ratio and beak angle were shorter and more narrow in females (p< 0.05,p < 0.01; respectively). Thirteen cases (9.9%) showed three or four positive criteria for NC-P. As patients got younger and had BMI < 30 kg/m², the rate of positive criteria determination was increased (p< 0.05,p < 0.01; respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NC-P criteria were seen with a high frequency in healthy individuals. Female and younger individuals with less BMI showed a greater prevalence of positive criteria. Revision of the current standards for NC-P with a distinct classification between sex, age, andBMI is required to assess LKV compression better.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bilateral fetal origin of the posterior cerebral artery coexisting with an absent A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery.","authors":"George Triantafyllou, Savvas Melissanidis, Łukasz Olewnik, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, George Tsakotos, Nicol Zielinska, Katerina Vassiou, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.5603/fm.103246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.103246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cerebral arterial circle variants are well-described due to their clinical significance for neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) report describes the unusual coexistence of three cerebral variants incidentally identifiedin a 44-year-old female patient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The right-sided first segment (A1) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was absent, and both the posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) originated from the internal carotid arteries (ICAs). Thus, the unilateral A1 segment absence coexisted with a bilateral PCA of fetal origin. These variants' coexistence significantly disrupts the patient's primary collateral pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical significance and consequences of such variants after stroke or transient ischemic attack cannot be overstated, underscoring the importance of the current imaging findings in understanding and managing these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Correlation between the Extent and Clinical Severity, and the Histopathological Characteristics of Geographic Tongue.","authors":"Thaylla Núñez Amin Dick, Lílian Rocha Santos, Karin Soares Gonçalves, Geraldo Oliveira Silva-Junior, Arkadiusz Dziedzic, Mariana Marinho Aredes, Arley Silva Junior, Heron Fernando Gonzaga, Eliane Pedra Dias, Bruna Lavinas Sayed Picciani","doi":"10.5603/fm.101042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.101042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Geographic tongue is an oral lesion with an unknown etiology. Recently, the Geographic Tongue Area and Severity Index (GTASI) has been proposed to assess the area and severity of geographic tongue, aiming to measure the clinical severity of the condition. However, this index does not account for the histopathology, which vary based on the clinical stage of the lesion and the biopsy area. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between GTASI score and its histopathological features.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study included 40 participants diagnosed with GT confirmed both clinically and histopathologically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Considering GT severity, a vast majority 60% of cases were classified as mild, with females' predominance in both mild and severe categories. The average age of participants was 56 years for mild and severe cases and 47 years for moderate ones. The prevalent histopathological features of geographic tongue included parakeratosis, acanthosis, spongiosis, basal layer hyperplasia, mono- and polymorphonuclear exocytosis, suprapapillary hypotrophy, claviform epithelial ridges, fusion of epithelial ridges, conjunctival papillary edema, and chronic subepithelial infiltration, with no significant differences taking into consideration clinical severity level. Papillary vascular ectasia, Munro microabscesses, Kogoj pustules, and dense connective tissue were more prevalent in with more severe cases of GT. Mild inflammatory infiltrate intensity was predominant in persons with mild GT, while moderate infiltrate intensity was found predominantly in moderate cases of GT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical severity level of GT closely corresponds with its histopathological characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric variations of three sub-adult populations in Malaysia using multi-slice computed tomography data.","authors":"Sharifah Nabilah Syed Mohd Hamdan, Rabiah Al-Adawiyah Rahmat, Fathilah Abdul Razak, Khairul Azmi Abd Kadir, Erma Rahayu Mohd Faizal Abdullah, Norliza Ibrahim","doi":"10.5603/fm.100846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.100846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the differences in cranial measurements in three sub-adult populations in Malaysia using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 521 cranial MSCT datasets of Malaysian sub-adults (0-20 years old) consisting of Malay, Chinese, and Indian populations were analysed and constructed into three-dimensional (3D) cranial models using Mimics software version 21. Fourteen selected craniometric parameters were measured on the 3D models, adhering to the plane-to-plane protocol. All measurements were statistically analysed using discriminant function analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cranial measurements such as maximum cranial width, biasteronic width, and occipital chord showed significant differences among Malays, Chinese, and Indians. In addition, a high similarity of the measurements between Chinese and Malays compared to Indians and Malays and Chinese and Indians was demonstrated. The highest classification accuracy was obtained by the age group of 10-12 years old, with Indians achieving the highest accuracy (72.2%), followed by Chinese (71.8%) and Malays (58.3%). The accuracy percentages between the pooled-sex and male/female formulas were relatively similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated the presence of morphometric variations among the three different sub-adult populations in Malaysia using MSCT datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical study of brachial plexuses of a koala, a Tasmanian devil, and a common ringtail possum.","authors":"Yutaro Natsuyama, Kazuyuki Shimada, Yoichi Nakamura, Shinichi Kawata, Tomiko Yakura, Zhong-Lian Li, Hidenobu Miyaso, Shuang-Qin Yi, Masahiro Itoh","doi":"10.5603/fm.102687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Marsupials have a narrower range of forelimb morphological features than placental mammals. It is hypothesized that this is due to a constraint in the reproductive biology of marsupials. The constraint is that newborn marsupials must crawl into their mother's pouch. However, anatomical knowledge of the brachial plexus in marsupials is scarce and has not been discussed. In the present study, the purpose is to examine the anatomy of the brachial plexuses of a koala, a Tasmanian devil, and a common ringtail possum and to discuss the brachial plexus of marsupials with reference to the previous reports.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One adult koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) specimen, one adult Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), and one adult common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) were used in this study.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 formed the brachial plexus in all 3 marsupials. Each nerve branch differed by one segment among the 3 marsupials. Therefore, the brachial plexus was considered in the form of a few differences among marsupials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Because of a quite difficulty of getting an opportunity for anatomical examination on marsupials, an accumulation of cases like the present study is needed for future quantitative and qualitative analyses of the brachial plexus pattern of the marsupials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative anatomy of the infraspinatus muscle in the human fetus.","authors":"Maciej Biernacki, Michał Szpinda, Magdalena Grzonkowska, Mateusz Badura, Katarzyna Bogacz, Mariusz Baumgart","doi":"10.5603/fm.102413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.102413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study presents one of the six scapulohumeral muscles, which occupies most of the osteofibrous infraspinatus compartment. Along with the supraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis muscles, the infraspinatus muscle contributes to the rotator cuff. It protects the posterior aspect of the articular capsule of the shoulder joint, adducts and externally rotates the arm. The aim of the study was to perform the quantitative analysis of the infraspinatus muscle in human fetuses and to elaborate growth dynamics for its morphometric parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using anatomical dissection, digital image analysis (NIS Elements AR3.0) and statistics (Student's t-test, regression analysis), the vertical, transverse and oblique diameters, muscle circumference and projection surface area of the infraspinatus muscle were measured in 36human fetuses of both sexes (17♂, 19♀) aged 18-30weeks. The infraspinatus muscle revealed neither sex nor laterality differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All examined morphometric parameters of the infraspinatus muscle increased commensurately in accordance with the following linear functions: y=-4.024 + 0.903×Age ± 0.621 (R²=0.96) for transverse diameter, y=-3.089 + 1.321×Age ± 0.897 (R²=0.97) for vertical diameter, y=-1.161 + 0.632×Age ± 0.444 (R²=0.97) for oblique diameter, y=-13.575 + 3.851×Age ± 1.938 (R²=0.98) for muscle circumference and y=-293.512 + 23.228×Age ±19.650 (R²=0.95) for projection surface area.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital image analysis of vertebral body L4 and its ossification center in the human fetus.","authors":"Mariusz Baumgart, Magdalena Grzonkowska, Michał Kułakowski","doi":"10.5603/fm.101420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/fm.101420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using a Siemens-Biograph 128 mCT camera the morphometric analysis of the L4 vertebral body and its ossification center were done in 55human fetuses aged 17 to 30weeks. No sex differences were found. The mean height, transverse and sagittal diameters of L4 vertebral body followed the logarithmic functions: y = -11.797+ 5.208 × ln(age) ± 0.372, y = -23.462 + 9.428 × ln(age) ± 0.702, y = 2.770 + 13.521 × ln(age) ± 1.722, respectively. The mean cross-sectional area of L4 vertebral body followed the linear function: y = -30.683 + 1.976 × age ± 2.701. The mean volume of L4 vertebral body followed the second-degree polynomial function: y = -93.983+ 0.385 × (age)² ± 23.707. The mean transverse and sagittal diameters of the ossification center of L4 vertebral body followed the natural logarithmic function: y = -27.106 + 10.178 × ln(age) ± 0.769 and y = -13.345 + 5.458 × ln(age) ± 0.424, respectively. The mean cross-sectional area and the volume of the ossification center of L4 vertebral body followed the linear function: y = -30.683 + 1.976 × age ± 2.701 and y = -43.214 + 2.760 × age ± 4.085, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological observation of occipital condyle position in Chinese skulls and potential clinical significance.","authors":"Feng Yuan, Zilan Zhong, Rui Qin, Chuhua Lin, Yikai Li","doi":"10.5603/fm.101276","DOIUrl":"10.5603/fm.101276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To study the anatomy of the Chinese occipital condyle and its position relative to the occipital foramen and skull.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Measurements were taken from 106 adult Chinese skulls using a Cartesian coordinate system centered on the foramen magnum. Measurements included the longitudinal diameter of the foramen magnum, distances from various points on the occipital condyles to the foramen magnum and skull landmarks, and the occipital condyle classification index (OCI) and skull-occipital condyle classification index (SOCI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCI categorized the position of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles into three groups: OCI ≤ 0.40 (3 cases, 2.83%), 0.40 < OCI ≤ 0.50 (75 cases, 70.75%), and OCI > 0.50 (28 cases, 26.42%). SOCI categorized the relationship between the skull and occipital condyles into two groups: 0.5 < SOCI ≤ 0.6 (49 cases, 46.23%) and 0.6 < SOCI ≤ 0.7 (57 cases, 53.77%). Four relationship types were identified based on specific measurements: Type I (23 cases, 21.70%), Type II (42 cases, 39.62%), Type III (4 cases, 3.77%), and Type IV (37 cases, 34.91%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sagittal movement of the occipital condyle affects the cervical spine's curvature. Asymmetry between the occipital condyles and the foramen magnum may misalign the skull with the body's coronal plane.</p>","PeriodicalId":12251,"journal":{"name":"Folia morphologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}