EXCLI Journal最新文献

{"title":"Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome in older adults: Causes, consequences, and countermeasures.","authors":"Carina O Walowski, Kristina Norman","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9426","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whether the Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome (MSS) represents a distinct clinical entity or simply describes severe malnutrition with prominent muscle wasting remains debated. Nevertheless, the coexistence of inadequate nutritional status and severe loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function creates clinically significant challenges that warrant focused attention. The causes of MSS involve a vicious cycle driven by insufficient dietary intake, inflammation, hormone deficiency as well as physical inactivity. In a bidirectional relationship, malnutrition accelerates muscle protein breakdown and impairs synthesis, while sarcopenia reduces functional capacity and potentially leads to decreased physical activity and loss of independence. The consequences are substantial and include accelerated functional decline and delayed convalescence, reflected by prolonged hospital length of stay and higher rates of increased mortality compared to single conditions. Effective countermeasures require integrated interventions addressing both components simultaneously: adequate protein and energy intake, and vitamin D, combined with progressive resistance training, treatment of underlying diseases, and medication optimization. This multidisciplinary approach demonstrates synergistic benefits that exceed addressing either condition alone. Regardless of whether MSS constitutes a unique syndrome, recognizing this clinical pattern serves the pragmatic purpose of identifying vulnerable older adults who require comprehensive, simultaneous nutritional and functional interventions to break the vicious cycle and improve outcomes. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"776-798"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension and left ventricular geometry: Diagnosis, prognosis, and management.","authors":"Samantha M Mutai, Namrata Kadambi, Mattin Moazzam, Ahmet Afsin Oktay","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9416","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension remains one of the most prevalent and consequential cardiovascular risk factors worldwide and is a leading cause of heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease may manifest in alterations in left ventricular (LV) geometry, including concentric remodeling, concentric hypertrophy, and eccentric hypertrophy, representing adaptive responses to chronic pressure or volume overload that may progress to maladaptive remodeling and heart failure. LV geometric patterns, defined by LV mass and relative wall thickness, carry important diagnostic and prognostic implications independent of blood pressure levels. This review provides a comprehensive and contemporary overview of the relationship between hypertension and LV geometry. We summarize key determinants of hypertensive LV remodeling, including cumulative blood pressure exposure, sex differences, metabolic comorbidities, obesity, pericardial adiposity, and obstructive sleep apnea. We discuss current approaches to screening and diagnosis, highlighting the strengths and limitations of electrocardiography, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. We review emerging applications of artificial intelligence in electrocardiographic and echocardiographic assessment, with particular attention to their potential to improve detection, phenotypic differentiation, and prognostication. We further examine the prognostic significance of LV remodeling in hypertension and review evidence supporting regression of LV hypertrophy through intensive blood pressure control, management of comorbidities, and lifestyle interventions. Early identification and reversal of hypertensive LV remodeling may offer a critical opportunity to prevent progression to heart failure and reduce long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"756-775"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-driven delivery of dexamethasone for arthritis: The role of liposomes.","authors":"Kajal Kumari, Anil Pareek, Swapnil Sharma, Sachin Sharma, Vipin Saini, Shadma Wahab, Devesh U Kapoor","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9360","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic musculoskeletal disorders worldwide, affecting more than 300 million individuals and representing a leading cause of pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. The global burden of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis continues to rise due to population aging, sedentary lifestyles, and increasing metabolic comorbidities. Liposomal drug carriers hold great promise in maximizing dexamethasone's therapeutic utility while minimizing its first-pass effect and systemic toxicity. Due to their biocompatibility, slow-release capability, and potential for target-specific delivery, liposomes enable localized drug sequestration within inflamed joints through both passive and active targeting mechanisms. This review aims to analyze the pharmacological action of dexamethasone in arthritis in conjunction with the advantages inherent to liposomal formulations, as well as recent advancements in liposome design, such as stimuli-responsive and theranostic liposomes. Despite their great promise, limitations, including drug leakage, immunogenicity, and regulatory hurdles, remain major impediments to their clinical use. Future directions indicate promise for personalized, image-directed liposomal therapies in a paradigm shift for arthritis treatment. Overall, liposomal dexamethasone represents a major breakthrough in the safe design of target-specific, effective anti-inflammatory therapies for arthritis. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"725-755"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking primary cilia defects to the \"Big 3\" neurodegenerative diseases - causal, consequential, or correlative?","authors":"Catherine Hong Huan Hor, Bor Luen Tang","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9499","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"587-590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13272905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148276696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of cognitive decline and dementia: Current evidence on lifestyle factors and dietary patterns.","authors":"Ligia J Dominguez, Nicola Veronese, Francesco Saverio Ragusa, Flavia Seminara, Salvatore Maria Baio, Laura Vernuccio, Giuseppina Catanese, Mario Barbagallo","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9298","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive decline and dementia represent major and growing global health challenges, driven largely by population aging and increased longevity. Currently, more than 55 million people worldwide live with dementia, a figure projected to rise to approximately 153 million by 2050. Alzheimer's disease accounts for the majority of cases, and despite extensive research, effective disease-modifying therapies remain limited. Consequently, increasing attention has shifted toward prevention strategies targeting modifiable risk factors. Accumulating evidence indicates that dementia is not an inevitable consequence of aging and that up to 45 % of cases may be attributable to potentially modifiable lifestyle and environmental factors operating across the life course. Lifestyle behaviors-including diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, and social and cognitive engagement-have emerged as key targets for intervention. In particular, adherence to healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets has been associated with better cognitive outcomes, while unhealthy dietary patterns may increase risk. However, findings across studies remain heterogeneous, and uncertainties persist regarding causality, optimal exposure timing, and specific lifestyle components. Recent large prospective cohorts, meta-analyses, umbrella reviews, and multidomain intervention trials have advanced understanding of these associations but have also highlighted important gaps, including limited randomized evidence and underrepresentation of diverse populations. This narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence on lifestyle factors and dietary patterns associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk, focusing on recent high-quality studies. By integrating findings across domains, it aims to clarify areas of consensus and uncertainty, inform prevention strategies, and identify priorities for future research and public health action. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"690-724"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-loaded nanocarriers for dermatological applications: current advances and biomedical implications.","authors":"Tanuj Sharma, Jagdeep Singh, Vishal Sharma, Diksha Sharma, Rina Das, Dinesh Kumar Mehta, Isha Chawla, Sonia Yadav, Shivani Chopra, Hitesh Chopra, Jai Bharti Sharma","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9317","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topical drug delivery routes have long served as a primary therapeutic approach for treating various skin disorders. However, conventional formulations, like creams, ointments, and gels, have a number of drawbacks, such as systemic toxicity, short duration of action, low skin permeability, and drug instability. Through the advancement of innovative delivery carriers such solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carrier system, nanoemulsions, & transdermal patches, recent developments in nanotechnology have completely changed topical delivery. These technologies improve skin penetration, provide regulated release, and increase medication absorption. Furthermore, because of their excellent therapeutic results, tailored particle size, and high entrapment effectiveness, formulations such as cubosomes, nanogels, and microsponges are being investigated. The significant expansion of topical delivery platforms, particularly hydrogel-based and nanoemulgel formulations, is highlighted by biostatistics from 2023-2024. Novel delivery systems have shown considerable effectiveness in treating dermatological disorders such atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and eczema in clinical trials. Concurrently, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial qualities of botanical substances such as curcumin, bolstered by improved delivery through liposomal and nanocurcumin formulations, have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. This review explored the advancement of nanotechnology-enabled topical and transdermal delivery platforms, their clinical use, technical developments, and the growing use of natural bioactives like curcumin in dermatological treatment are all thoroughly covered in this study. The combined results highlight how crucial novel formulations and delivery methods are to resolving issues with the skin barrier and enhancing patient outcomes. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"654-689"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring leptin sensitivity in metabolic and extra-metabolic leptin resistance: Pharmacologic strategies, systemic implications, and future directions.","authors":"Milan Obradovic, Sara Khodahemmati, Sonja Zafirovic, Esma R Isenovic","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9420","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of leptin resistance is a key barrier to the successful management of obesity. The most recent study has focused on pharmacological drugs that are associated with inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as inhibitors of negative regulators, including PTP1B, SOCS3, and HDAC6, and substances that affect the mTOR and cAMP/Epac/Rap1 signaling pathways. Having an understanding that leptin resistance is caused by defective leptin signaling pathways, such as a disruption in the JAK-STAT pathway or an increase in the expression of SOCS3, shows the difficulty of restoring sensitivity. The physiological implications of leptin resistance extend beyond the regulation of metabolism and can influence the cardiovascular system, the liver (NAFLD/MASLD), the immunological system, the inflammatory system, reproductive health and the neuroendocrine system. The fact that leptin has metabolic impacts on various systems highlights the importance of taking an integrated strategy to treatment procedures. Within the context of metabolic and extra-metabolic leptin resistance, this review provides a summary of recent literature evidence pertaining to the restoration of leptin responsiveness. Also, we include a discussion regarding pharmacologic strategies, systemic implications, and future directions. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"640-653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13272904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148276638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the advisor-advisee relationship: Beyond the dichotomy between rigor and abuse in graduate education.","authors":"Jussara Secundo Dos Santos","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9428","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"638-639"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13272902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148276693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term pretreatment with deferoxamine enhances the in vivo vascularization capacity of nanofat seeded onto dermal substitutes.","authors":"Valeria Pruzzo, Francesca Bonomi, Ettore Limido, Andrea Weinzierl, Yves Harder, Matthias W Laschke","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9365","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insufficient early vascularization remains a major limitation for the successful integration of implanted dermal substitutes. To overcome this challenge, nanofat has recently been introduced as a promising fat derivative for implant seeding. The present study investigated whether short-term ex vivo pretreatment with the hypoxia-mimetic agent deferoxamine (DFO) can further enhance the in vivo vascularization capacity of nanofat. Nanofat from green fluorescent protein (GFP)⁺ donor mice was pretreated for 1 h with DFO (1 mM) or vehicle and subsequently seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan-based dermal substitutes, which were implanted into dorsal skinfold chambers of syngeneic GFP^- recipient mice. Implant vascularization, microhemodynamics, tissue integration and inflammatory response were assessed over a 14-day period using intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. Dermal substitutes seeded with DFO-pretreated nanofat exhibited a faster and more extensive vascularization, as evidenced by a significantly higher functional microvessel density in both implant border and center zones when compared to controls. Most blood-perfused microvessels originated from the GFP⁺ DFO-pretreated nanofat. The improved vascularization was associated with reduced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in peri-implant venules as well as a decreased implant infiltration by macrophages and neutrophils, indicating an attenuation of the early innate inflammatory response. Moreover, DFO pretreatment promoted the tissue integration of the implants and regenerative extracellular matrix remodeling, as evidenced by increased collagen III deposition. These findings demonstrate that short-term ex vivo DFO pretreatment effectively primes nanofat to enhance microvascular network formation and suppress inflammation, resulting in an accelerated and improved engraftment of nanofat-seeded dermal substitutes. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"621-637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New York City Marathon: A systematic review of performance, participation, pacing, and health-related outcomes.","authors":"Beat Knechtle, Mabliny Thuany, Pantelis T Nikolaidis, Pedro Forte, Luciano Bernardes Leite, Romuald Lepers, Daniela Chlíbková, Katja Weiss, Thomas Rosemann, Rodrigo L Vancini, Sasa Duric","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9354","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9354","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 'New York City Marathon' is one of the world's largest and most influential mass-participation marathons. Although numerous studies have examined performance trends, participation patterns, pacing behavior, environmental influences, and physiological aspects of runners in this event, no review has synthesized the evidence specific to this race. This study aimed to systematically summarize the scientific literature on the 'New York City Marathon'. A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane was conducted using terms related to the 'New York City Marathon' to identify studies published up to February 2026. Eligible studies included runners of all ages, sexes, and performance levels, with no restrictions on publication date, topic, or study design. Extracted data included: (1) authors; (2) publication year; (3) study design; (4) sample characteristics; (5) variables assessed; and (6) main findings. Results were synthesized narratively by domain. Seventy-six publications met the inclusion criteria. Participation increased markedly over time, driven primarily by growth among women and age-group runners. While elite and competitive age-group performances improved in recent decades, mean finish times across the entire field increased by ~40 min since the 1970s, reflecting the democratization of marathon running. Ethiopian runners were the youngest and fastest. Peak performance occurred at 29.7 years in women and 34.8 years in men (1-year age intervals), and in the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups, respectively (5-year intervals). Approximately 10 % of runners experienced major injuries during training or the race that prevented starting or finishing. Higher training volumes increased injury risk, with foot, knee, and hip injuries most common, whereas adequate preparation reduced risk. Environmental conditions-particularly temperature-had a stronger influence on race times than course metrics. Performance declined with increasing temperature, especially among slower runners and among men aged 30-64 and women aged 40-64. Runners generally adopted a positive pacing strategy with a final spurt in the last segment (40-42.2 km). The fastest split occurred between 5-10 km and the slowest between 35-40 km, coinciding with the undulating terrain entering Central Park. Older athletes paced more evenly than younger athletes. Men showed a larger decrease in running speed from the fastest to the slowest splits than women (21.1 % vs. 16.7 %). Slower runners exhibited greater early-race deceleration but larger late-race speed increases, whereas faster runners maintained the most even pacing. Participation in the 'New York City Marathon' has grown substantially, driven by increased involvement of women and age-group runners. Although elite performance has improved, overall mean finish times have slowed due to broader participation. Ethiopian runners were the youngest and fastest, with peak performance occurring in the early to mid-30","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"591-620"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}