EXCLI Journal最新文献

{"title":"Precision redox medicine in andrology: Moving beyond empiric antioxidant use for evidence-based male infertility care.","authors":"Sulagna Dutta, Pallav Sengupta","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9536","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"954-956"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation emergency preparedness in the middle east: Public health consequences, water security vulnerabilities, and evidence-based countermeasures.","authors":"Helmi Ben Saad, Ismail Dergaa, Halil Ibrahim Ceylan, Andrea de Giorgio, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9450","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ongoing military conflict involving the United States, Israel, and Iran has transformed long-theorized nuclear emergency scenarios into credible near-term threats. Iran's Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, located on the Persian Gulf coastline just 17 km from the city of Bushehr, lies closer to several Gulf Cooperation Council capitals than to Tehran. At the same time, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia depend on seawater desalination for 60-90 % of their freshwater supply, with strategic reserves typically lasting between 36 hours and seven days. This convergence of nuclear proximity and water dependency creates a compound public health risk insufficiently addressed in the current literature. This review aimed to characterize plausible nuclear and radiation threat scenarios in the Middle East, map the spectrum of public health consequences from immediate blast and thermal injuries to long-term genetic damage, examine the risk of radiation contamination of the Persian Gulf leading to regional water supply collapse, and propose an evidence-based preparedness framework. A narrative review of peer-reviewed studies, international agency reports, and governmental guidance was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature from major global health and nuclear safety organizations. A single nuclear detonation in a major Gulf city could result in hundreds of thousands of immediate casualties while rendering seawater unusable for desalination over a prolonged period. Freshwater reserves would be rapidly depleted, leading to the simultaneous collapse of healthcare services, food systems, and sanitation infrastructure. Children and fetuses represent the most vulnerable groups, with increased risks of thyroid cancer, neurodevelopmental damage, and heritable mutations following radiation exposure. Key preparedness strategies include potassium iodide prophylaxis, shelter-in-place protocols, expansion of water reserves to at least 90 days, and strengthened regional civil defense coordination. Preparing for low-probability, high-impact events is far less costly than the consequences of inaction. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"938-953"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13369915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The kynurenine pathway in depression and schizophrenia: convergent signals, divergent states, and clinical signatures.","authors":"Masaru Tanaka, László Vécsei","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9522","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI) is increasingly recognized as a biologically meaningful contributor to heterogeneity in major psychiatric disorders. The tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway is a leading candidate mechanism because immune and stress-related signals can redirect Trp metabolism toward bioactive KYNs that influence glutamatergic signaling, redox balance, energetics, and immune feedback. In treatment-resistant depression and schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, this pathway is especially relevant because inflammatory burden often coexists with anhedonia, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and negative symptoms. Yet the literature remains difficult to integrate. Studies often rely on shallow biomarker panels, inconsistent inflammatory phenotyping, mixed matrices, and incomplete handling of major confounders, including smoking, adiposity, sleep disruption, infection timing, and medication exposure. Interpretation is further complicated by the kynurenic acid (KYNA) paradox and by central-peripheral discrepancies, as KYNA-related findings are strongly shaped by biological context and compartment, with blood measures often diverging from cerebrospinal fluid profiles and therefore not reliably reflecting central branch balance. This review therefore aimed to identify the Trp-KYN nodes most relevant to chronic LGI in psychiatry, synthesize clinical and preclinical evidence by disorder and symptom module, and define realistic near- and long-term research priorities. Here we highlight that Trp-KYN findings become more coherent when interpreted as context-dependent branch-balance signatures rather than standalone biomarkers. This framework can improve comparability, sharpen stratification, and support biomarker-enriched translational psychiatry. More broadly, it offers a practical model for linking immune biology to symptom dimensions across heterogeneous brain disorders. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"855-937"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured, evidence-based debate in science: Introducing a new forum.","authors":"Agapios Sachinidis, Wiebke Albrecht, Jan G Hengstler","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2026-9618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"846-847"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The KIF13A-Rab11a axis: a key regulator of vesicle trafficking in cytokinesis.","authors":"Paulius Gibieža, Sergi Rodriguez-Calado, Vilma Petrikaite","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9394","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytokinesis requires tightly coordinated membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal remodelling to ensure accurate physical separation of daughter cells. Rab11a, a recycling endosome-associated small GTPase, and KIF13A, a kinesin-3 family microtubule motor protein, have each been implicated in late mitotic events. However, the mechanistic relationship between Rab11a-mediated endosomal trafficking and KIF13A-driven transport during abscission remains insufficiently defined. This study aimed to elucidate the spatial and functional interplay between Rab11a and KIF13A during cytokinesis and to determine the consequences of disrupting this axis on mitotic progression and genomic stability. Rab11a and KIF13A were depleted in HeLa cells using shRNA- and siRNA-mediated knockdown strategies. Subcellular localisation and colocalisation at the intercellular bridge were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and quantified using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Functional outcomes were assessed through multinucleation, micronuclei formation, telophase accumulation, and LAP2-positive chromatin bridge assays. Mitotic timing from nuclear envelope breakdown to abscission was quantified by live-cell spinning-disk confocal microscopy. Rab11a and KIF13A exhibited pronounced colocalisation at the ICB during cytokinesis. Depletion of either protein reduced its spatial association with the other. It resulted in marked cytokinetic defects, including increased multinucleation, micronuclei formation, telophase delay, and elevated chromatin bridge frequency. Live-cell imaging demonstrated a significant prolongation of the cytokinesis-to-abscission interval, accompanied by an extended overall mitotic M-phase. Mechanistically, loss of Rab11a or KIF13A impaired CHMP4B recruitment to the ICB, reduced PI3P accumulation, and enhanced Aurora B signalling, consistent with activation of the abscission checkpoint. These findings establish the Rab11a-KIF13A axis as a critical regulator of late mitosis, integrating endosomal trafficking with ESCRT-III-dependent abscission. Disruption of this pathway compromises abscission accuracy and promotes genomic instability, highlighting its essential role in maintaining mitotic integrity and its potential relevance in tumorigenesis. Continued exploration of the KIF13A-Rab11 interaction will yield a deeper understanding of mitotic progression and cellular organisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"824-845"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13369889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current limitations of exercise snacks studies: A road map for the future.","authors":"Fatemeh Sadat Masoudi, Farhad Daryanoosh, Kayvan Khoramipour","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9491","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"851-854"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13369880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of weak AI-generated graphical abstracts.","authors":"Agapios Sachinidis, Wiebke Albrecht, Jan G Hengstler","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2026-9619","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"848-850"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Picroside III: novel multifunctional iridoid glycoside with promising antileukemic activity.","authors":"Chang Ha Park","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9527","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"799-802"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triterpenoid saponins and ferroptosis: A membrane centered perspective.","authors":"Tae Kyung Hyun","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9566","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9566","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"822-823"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Alessandro Mantovani, Riccardo Morandin, Nicoletta Rolli, Elisa Molinaroli, Giovanni Targher","doi":"10.17179/excli2026-9462","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2026-9462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two common, interconnected conditions that pose a major global health challenge. The worldwide prevalence of MASLD among individuals with T2DM exceeds 60 %, with a substantial proportion of cases having metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and an increased risk of liver-related complications, such as cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma. The coexistence of MASLD and T2DM is also associated with poorer glycemic control and a higher risk of cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease, and mortality. Notably, MASLD increases the risk of developing T2DM, with risk rising stepwise with liver disease severity, especially liver fibrosis. The close bidirectional relationship between MASLD and T2DM creates a vicious cycle that drives liver disease progression, worsens insulin resistance, and impairs glucose metabolism. This likely reflects shared underlying mechanisms, including insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, lipotoxicity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and an altered gut-liver axis. Screening strategies are crucial for MASLD and T2DM, with current guidelines recommending assessment of liver fibrosis in all individuals with T2DM and regular screening for dysglycemia in those with MASLD. Pharmacological treatments, especially incretin-based therapies, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and resmetirom, show significant benefits across metabolic, hepatic, and extrahepatic outcomes. Overall, recognizing and addressing the bidirectional relationship between MASLD and T2DM is essential for better risk stratification, earlier intervention, and reduced long-term hepatic and extrahepatic complications. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the bidirectional relationship between MASLD and T2DM, discussing epidemiological data, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic options. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"803-821"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}