International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive最新文献

{"title":"Serum IgG antibody against human cytomegalovirus in HIV-infected patients presenting at a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike, Gbogbo Ngozi Rejoice, Innocent-Adiele Hope Chioma, Cookey Tochi Ifeoma, Okonko Blessing Jachinma","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection goes unnoticed in most clinical settings, despite the fact that it can lead to more serious conditions, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Having understood the mortality of HCMV mostly in immunocompromised patients, this study sought to find out the current burden of HCMV among HIV infected patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of 93 HIV-infected patients enrolled in this study and their blood samples were analysed for the presence of HCMV IgG using ELISA techniques. Of the 93 HIV positive participants, 92(98.9%) tested positive for HCMV IgG antibodies while 1(1.1%) was negative. All the participants within the ages 9-20, 21-40 and 61-80 years were positive for HCMV IgG (100.0%) while those within ages 41-60 years had lesser seropositivity (96.1%). Males, singles, unemployed, civil servant, traders and artisans had the highest HCMV exposure (100.0%) compared to other categories. However, age, sex, marital status, educational background, occupation and religion were not statistically associated (p>0.05) with HCMV serostatus. The high prevalence of 98.9% of HCMV IgG showed that HIV patients were at high risk of HCMV coinfection. This study shows that human cytomegalovirus IgG is high among HIV infected patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Based on the high prevalence recorded in this study, there is need to routinely screen for HCMV coinfection among HIV-infected patients in order to prevent end organ disease.","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127302763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigens among University Students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Tochi Ifeoma Cookey, Juboyeibaraofori Jonah, Chisom Chimbundum Adim, Blessing Jachinma Okonko, Hope Chioma Innocent-Adiele, Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Several diseases are associated with Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and they can be life threatening especially in immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, there is no well-established EBV prevention and control strategies in Nigeria. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the prevalence of Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen (EBNA) IgM antibody among university students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A hospital based cross-sectional survey was adopted to randomly analyze 91 students attending lectures in University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to analyze EBNA IgM antibody in the samples obtained. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the association of the infection with socio-demographic factors. Of the 91 subjects, 3(3.2%) were seropositive for EBNA IgM antibody while 88(96.7%) were observed to be seronegative for EBNA IgM antibody. Sera EBNA IgM positivity was highest in age group 20-25 years (4.7%), single (3.2%), male (3.8%), students (3.9), sexually inactive (4.0%), oral sex (2.4%), non-Anal sex (3.4%), never using condoms (5.0%), dry kissing (11.1%), Non-smokers (4.0%), no history of blood transfusion (3.3%), no history of tissue transplant (3.2%), no history of surgery (3.2%). This study confirms the presence of Epstein Barr virus primary infection among university students in Port Harcourt, and an onward risk of Infectious mononucleosis. This comes with the responsibility of establishing surveillance programs for detection, treatment and control of EBV in Port Harcourt and Nigeria at large.","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126040943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative shock-absorbing blue silicone shell to reduce breakage of veterinary pharmaceutical glass vials","authors":"Sylvain DARCQ, Arnaud STEINER, Denis JARRIN, Jessica NEWBERRY, Luc DUREL","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0166","url":null,"abstract":"Although glass is an excellent material for manufacturing containers for pharmaceutical use, it remains fragile. This study aimed to support the qualities of glass by protecting the bottles with a shell made of polysiloxane elastomer, and to compare the relative resistance to breakage of this combination with that of a specifically designed plastic bottle.320 vials (250 and 500 ml) made of both glass and plastic, containing injectable veterinary drugs, were subjected to serial drop tests. A first group of containers (SCG: Silicone-Coated Glass) made of Type-1 glass were protected at the shoulder and bottom by a blue silicone soft shell, while those in the second group (LAS: Layered Anti-Shatter) were made of layered shatter-resistant plastic available on the market. Drop tests were carried out at three different angles (0°, 45°, 90°) from the vertical axis of the drop, from two drop heights (80 and 120 cm). All drop conditions (angle, height) and packaging (250 and 500 ml) combined, the risk of breakage of SCG vs LAS vials was RR=0.250 (shattered/intact ratio: 6/154 vs 24/136, 95% CI [0.105;0.595], P=0.002). Up to h=80 cm, no SCG (250 or 500 ml) was broken (0/80), compared to 9/71 for LAS (RR=0.053, 95% CI [0.003; 0.889], P=0.041). The 45° drop on the heel of the bottle produced the most damage for LAS containers (0/80 vs 23/57, RR=0.021; 95% CI [0.001; 0.344], P=0.007). In the event of an accidental fall, the contents of the glass bottle in a silicone shell are significantly better protected than in the multi-layer plastic bottle.","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125619358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors of mortality in COVID-19 patients: Analysis of an intensive care unit in Espirito Santo, Brazil","authors":"Henrique Gobbi Tótola, Tadeu Uggere de Andrade, Dominik Lenz","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0178","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health issue that keeps testing academic efforts to cease it. Many factors are involved in progression to severe disease including metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors associated with mortality in those admitted for COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a hospital in Espirito Santo, Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, with data collection from medical records. The primary outcome studied is mortality, categorized by length of stay in the ICU. A total of 163 patients were included in this study. The data of these patients where then separated in two groups, first with 93 discharges and second with 64 deaths. The parametric Student’s T-test and the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test for continuous data and the χ2 and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data were used to compare the variables between both groups. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 (in the bivariate analysis) were submitted to the Cox Survival Hazard multivariate survival model. Results: Bivariate analysis identified as factors on admission associated with mortality: age > 60 years, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease thrombocytopenia, lactate dehydrogenase elevation, D-dimer elevation and use of supplemental oxygen. Complications while on ICU associated with higher mortality are: mechanical ventilation, mechanical ventilation> 14 days, acute renal failure, bacterial pneumonia, post COVID-19 acute arrhythmia, bloodstream infection, acute renal injury and anemia. To exclude possible interference, a multifactorial analysis was applied with the Cox Survival Hazard proportional risk model, showing that mechanical ventilation (OR: 17.254, 95%CI 4.35-68.43, p <0.0001) and anemia (OR: 2.17, 95%CI 1.15-4.09, p<0.016) are independent variables related to mortality. Conclusion: This study identified that anemia on admission and the need to provide mechanical ventilation during ICU stay are independent factors for predicting mortality.","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117204489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of primary open-angle glaucoma and metabolic syndrome: A review","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Rivera, Oriana Gomez, Angela Maria Fajardo, Camila Leon, Ankur Seth","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0181","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We aim to review the available literature on the relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and the development of primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: A bibliographic search of articles published in English using PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE, BIREME Internet search sites, and Scopus databases. For the search, the following terms were used: glaucoma, open-angle, metabolic syndrome, Systemic Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Dyslipidemia, and risk factors. Findings and conclusions: Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. Timely diagnosis is essential for preventing vision loss, which has made risk factors of interest in public health for achieving early screening for glaucoma, especially for those with higher risk. The literature has shown a clear relationship between several components of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in isolation from POAG, and the etiological factors that explain this relationship have been established. However, some of these studies have yet to show a statistically significant relationship. More studies are required to show whether there is a significant relationship between the components of Metabolic Syndrome and POAG.","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"44 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121007358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative study of phytoconstituents present in Curcuma aromatica and Carcuma caesia roxb","authors":"Madhuri Singhal","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0173","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are being widely used either as single drug or in combination in health care. The Indian herbs are broadly utilized as source of drugs mentioned in the traditional systems of medicine. Curcuma aromatic and curcuma caesia are the one of the well-known herbal plant. It is commonly known as haldi and kali haldi. These are erect perennial herb, grow all over in India mainly Bengal Southern India. The objective of the present study is to evaluate scientific data for presence of various phytochemicals in the different extract of 70% methanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. The three different extracts of rhizomes found to contain alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic, tannins & carbohydrate. Presence of such secondary metabolites makes this plant useful for mankind. In future we can prepare herbal drug from the rhizomes of this plant.","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124484437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture technique of seabass, Lates calcarifer in Asia: A review","authors":"Md. Amirul Islam, Aovijite Bosu, Md. Monjurul Hasan, Farhana Yasmin, Abu Bakker Siddique Khan, Mousumi Akhter, Md. Rahamat Ullah, Ehsanul Karim, Md. Harunor Rashid, Yahia Mahmud","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0174","url":null,"abstract":"Mariculture could be a new horizon in Bangladesh, and seabass is one of the most promising species. This paper goes into detail about seabass culture techniques and their future potential. Two culture methods have been prominent: Nursery to grow out culture and cage culture in coastal water. The study's main finding is that cannibalism occurs, resulting in mortality and failure to reach predicted growth. For seabass culture, the suitability of the site, whether for a pond or cage, is critical. The culture relies heavily on optimal water quality, particularly salinity maintenance. Proper feeding and disease management are also critical for higher production from the culture. One of the key concerns in seabass culture is the availability of live feed. Sea bass cage culture is extensively established in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It could be a good option for culturing seabass in the coastal environment of Bangladesh although proper monitoring should be conducted. Seabass culture both in ponds or cages may contribute to our mariculture development and boost our national economy. This review will help the researchers, policymakers, entrepreneurs, and commercial culturists to introduce seabass for mariculture in the coastal regions which are salinity prone","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127020973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of family history in the risk of open-angle glaucoma","authors":"Jesus David Marulanda-Uribe, Valentin Morales, Carlos Andres Hernandez, Ankur Seth, Carlos Eduardo Rivera","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2022.3.2.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2022.3.2.0157","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We aim to carry out a topic review on the available literature about the relationship between family history of glaucoma and the development of primary open-angle glaucoma in such a way that we can provide ophthalmologists, non-ophthalmologists, optometrists, and all those involved in visual health care a general understanding of this relationship. Methods: A bibliographic search of manuscripts published in English and Spanish was carried out using PubMed and Scopus databases. For the search, the following terms were used: glaucoma, open-angle, family history, and risk factors. From the retrieved articles, those relevant to this review's topic were selected. Findings and conclusions: A family history of glaucoma is an essential risk factor for suffering from this disease, as demonstrated by both population-based epidemiological and clinical studies. This association is more robust in first-degree blood relatives, especially when those affected are siblings of the index case. The preceding justifies screening these patients due to the increased risk of suffering from an illness that can lead to visual disability.","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116355361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and mass spectral characterization of carbofuran and its degradation product","authors":"Sridhar L, Sudhaker S","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2022.3.2.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2022.3.2.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Carbofuran is an N-methyl carbamate pesticide that is extensively used to control insects and nematodes on a range of farming crops because of its wide-ranging biological activity & relatively low persistence when compared to other pesticides. It is highly toxic to birds, mammals, fish and wildlife due to its anticholinesterase activity. In humans, Carbofuran is associated with endocrine disrupting activity, reproductive disorders, cytotoxic and genotoxic abnormalities. In biological and environmental conditions Carbofuran tend to undergo degradation. The screening, identification and characterization of the Carbofuran and its degradation product in biological samples are an important task in the area of forensic toxicology. In a case study Carbofuran and its degradation product Carbofuran phenol were detected and identified by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The present study deals with the successful detection & characterization of the Carbofuran and its degradation product under positive ion Electron Ionization (EI) mass spectrometry. The EI mass spectra of the Carbofuran and its degradation product showed the stable molecular ion [M+•] peaks in addition to the other diagnostic fragment ions that enable unambiguous identification of Carbofuran and its Carbofuran phenol. The general fragmentation patterns of these two compounds are discussed in detail. Carbofuran showed an ion at m/z 164 as the base peak corresponds to loss of Methylisocyanato group (CH3NCO) from the [M+•] ion, which was formed by the Mclafferty rearrangement. Carbofuran phenol showed a more stable Molecular ion [M+•] peak compared to Carbofuran and showed a major peak at m/z 149 corresponds to the loss of methyl group from the [M+•] ion. The detection and identification of these compounds will be an invaluable support during investigation and in conviction of criminal cases in courts of law in Carbofuran poisoning cases.","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124494956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing transdermal patch from Momordica charantia L. fruit using polyvinyl alcohol and ethyl cellulose potentially as anti-inflammatory dosage form","authors":"Teti Indrawati, Zainur Rahman Hakim, Fiqi Fatimah","doi":"10.53771/ijstra.2022.3.2.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2022.3.2.0160","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anti-inflammatory medication is currently sufficiently developed for the ease of application and effectiveness of therapy. Development of natural ingredients that are applied through the skin is needed to get a profitable product. This study aimed to develop bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) fruit as an anti-inflammatory agent using transdermal patch preparations. Materials and Methods: Dried bitter melon powder was macerated using 96% ethanol, followed by evaporation until a viscous extract was obtained. Bitter melon fruit extract (BMFE) 30% was prepared into three patch transdermal preparations using combinations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ethyl cellulose (EC) as bases. A mixture of BMFE, propylene glycol, and glycerin was added to the bases and mixed until homogeneous. The entire mass was poured into a mold, coated with aluminum foil, allowed to stand for 24 h, and dried in an oven at 40 °C for 30 min. All preparations of the transdermal patch were evaluated for their physical and chemical characteristics as well as their anti-inflammatory effects Results: All transdermal patch preparations had solid form, visible brown, weight 0.424 -0.432 g, thickness 0.344 – 0.320 mm, folding endurance of more than 300, pH 4.84 – 4.87, and hygroscopicity 6.50 - 6.99 %. All preparations showed a decrease in the diameter of the edema, but this was not significant; after the 90th minute, the edema diameter was significantly reduced. Conclusion: This study showed that BMFE can be used for anti-inflammatory patch preparation and has the potential to be developed as a transdermal anti-inflammatory dosage form.","PeriodicalId":122395,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129006996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}