World of Transport and Transportation最新文献

{"title":"Development of Risk-Based Approaches to Determining the Damageability and Useful Life of Railway Transportation Assets","authors":"N. A. Makhutov, M. Gadenin, V. S. Kossov, D. Knyazev, N. F. Krasyukov","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-4-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-4-9","url":null,"abstract":"Modern problems of railway transport in Russia, such as the general technical condition of transportation assets, and relevant issues of their safe operation, substitution of imported equipment and its components, implementation of the programs of technological development give rise to the need to create new equipment and technologies, constructing schemes for long-term development of transport based on new safety requirements and strategic planning. Current level of developments does not allow to completely eliminate damage, failures and accidents regarding railway transportation assets manufactured in accordance with the current regulatory framework. Solving these problems is possible by identifying the actual state of an object regarding cyclic, corrosion, wear and other damage accumulated during operation, which determines the onset of limit states of the basic elements of an asset, taking into account resource recovery technologies at various stages of the life cycle, both in standard (design) operating conditions and beyond them.The article refers to the problems associated with ensuring safe operation of railway transport, with the aim of substantiating based on existing regulatory and technical documents of new approaches to the analysis of damageability, vulnerability of objects and assessment of the risks of accidents and disasters. The development of interaction through a system of new problem statements and regulatory and technical documents, as well as more active involvement in the use and development of the fundamental laws of physics, chemistry, and mechanics of real-life processes in the environment, make it possible to implement new concepts, strategies, and developments of advanced research for technical objects with the use of digital and intelligent technologies.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology for Assessing Shortened ILS LOC and GP Critical Areas: an Example of Gorno-Altaisk Aerodrome","authors":"E. Rubtsov, S. Kudryakov, Ia. M. Dalinger","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-4-5","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization on a reasonable reduction in sizes of ILS critical areas and identification of shortcomings of the existing requirements of the Russian Federal Aviation Regulations for critical areas of ILS localiser and glide path (glide slope), a procedure has been developed that allows assessment localiser and glide slope bends for shortened critical areas. The assessment comprises the influence of different reflecting objects situated on operation area of the aerodrome, as well as of aerodrome environs on the operation of the ILS localiser and glide path.Reflecting objects can be approximated by models of a wall (that simulates reflections from buildings, bridges, fences), of a cylinder (that simulates reflections from factory pipes, tanks, containers, aircraft fuselages) and of a hemispherical diffuse reflector (simulates reflection from elevated terrain).The procedure was tested for Gorno-Altaisk aerodrome, and aproposal was developed to reduce the critical area of the localiser, which will expand the apron by 35 m, eliminate problems with imposed speed limits and blocking movement of aircraft on the taxiway. Also, the probability of service failure will decrease by 3…11 times, and the runway occupancy time will decrease by 12,5…26 % compared to existing features.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"4 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Regulation of Military Transport Obligation in the Russian Federation","authors":"I. V. Kholikov","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the essence, characteristics of normative legal regulation and problematic aspects of implementation of military transport obligation in the Russian Federation. The author notes that in difficult modern conditions, fulfilment by citizens and organisations of their constitutional responsibilities to ensure the defence of the country and the security of the state is an important area of preserving the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Russia. The social, historical and legal roots of military transport obligation are described. It has been studied that in Russia, the legal acts at the federal level have established necessary regulatory and legal requirements, characterised by completeness, accessibility for acquaintance and general elaboration of regulated issues. Military transport obligation in the country has been established to provide state armed forces with vehicles during the period of mobilisation and during wartime. The paper substantiates that military transport obligation appears to be an important structural and functional construct in the material, technical and regulatory support of the country’s defence capability and state security. The author has formulated specific proposals for improving the current state legal regulation of the issue under consideration, to increase the level of mobilisation readiness of vehicles and ensure better performance of military transport obligation.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road Management with Mathematical Accuracy","authors":"L. A. Kargina","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-4-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-4-16","url":null,"abstract":"Paraskevov, A. V. Improving road traffic management based on the use of mathematical and instrumental methods of economics [Sovershenstvovanie upravleniya dorozhnym dvizheniem na osnove ispolzovaniya matematicheskikh i intrumentalnykh metodov ekonomiki]. Moscow, Vologda, Infra-Inzheneriya publ., 2023, 84 p. ISBN 978-5-9729-1283-4.The article is a review of the monograph «Improving traffic management based on the use of mathematical and instrumental methods of economics», written by A. V. Paraskevov, a senior lecturer at the Department of Computer Technologies and Systems of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin and published by Infra-Inzheneriya [Infra-Engineering] publishing house. The work summarises and systematises extensive material on innovative methods for improving management of road traffic congestion levels. An also considered application for motorists is designed to build optimal routes taking into account the current situation on urban roads.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study of the Logistics Ontology by the Historical-Genetic Method","authors":"V. Kurganov, M. Gryaznov, A. Dorofeev","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to establish the origin and evolution of the term «logistics», understood as management of material flows and stocks. The historical-genetic method and content analysis were used in the study of available sourcesThe inconsistency of assumptions about the origin of the name «logistics» in the modern interpretation from ancient Greece and the Byzantine Empire is shown. There is also no connection between the mathematical logic developed by Leibniz and the content of logistics in economics and military affairs. The illegitimacy of explaining the evolution of the term «logistics» by random coincidences of words that are homonyms and related to different historical eras and countries has been established.The priority of G. V. Jomini in formulation of the principles of logistics in his works on the art of war, written after emigration to the Russian Empire, is confirmed. Due to the spread of Jomini’s works in the countries of the world, logistics began to develop in its modern form, initially in the military sphere, and then in economic activity.The reasons that led to intensive development of logistics during the Second World War and in the post­war period are systematized. Differences in priorities during these periods in the countries of the world are studied. Two main trends were identified, one of which was to use the competitive advantages of logistics in a market environment, and the other to ensure spatial connectivity and transport accessibility of territories.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Northern Siberian Trade Route and Polar Urals Railway. Part 2","authors":"A. Editorial","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-13","url":null,"abstract":"A reproduced article published in the journal «Zheleznodorozhnoe delo» in 1912 is devoted to a project to build a railway line linking the river network of Siberia (approximately from the current Salekhard to the Ob) with the Arctic coast in Varandey region, where it was supposed to build a seaport.Regardless of the fact that development of the transport infrastructure of the Polar Urals and the North of the European part of Russia eventually went the other way, the economic geography, the foreign trade balance changed, the article is interesting in the historical aspect by the balanced and verified approach to the comprehensive assessment of complex transport projects that was developed more than 110 years ago and their feasibility study. The authors of the project under consideration took into account, when arguing, many factors – of a strategic nature (development of the Siberian region, reduction of the transport load on the backbone transport network of the European part of the country, minimization of competition between domestic producers along the route of goods flows), foreign trade flows, seasonality of navigation along rivers and the Northern Sea Route, technical and economic aspects of construction, distribution of private and public investments, projected optimal tariffs and taxation, payback periods, taking into account payment of dividends, and many others.Of course, the content of factors taken into account and assessment methods have changed significantly since then. One of the paradoxes is that, despite new technologies, modern engineers already assess the risks and difficulties of building in the subpolar zone much higher, which at the beginning of the last century was considered almost an easy and cheaper option for building a railway.In general, we must give credit to the authors for complexity of their approaches, taking into account the time when they were made.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Management for the Safe Use of Highly Automated Vehicles in a Metropolis: Systems and Legal Analysis","authors":"A. I. Zemlin, M. A. Matveeva, E. V. Gots","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-11","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a scientific study of current issues of risk management associated with ensuring safe operation of unmanned vehicles, obtained by the authors as a result of implementation of the second stage of a scientific project supported by the Russian Science Foundation. The conclusions presented in the article are based on the results of a study of legal and organisational problems of ensuring the safe use of unmanned vehicles in a metropolis, carried out during the first stage of the project.The study confirmed the authors’ assumption that solving the problem of ensuring the safe use of unmanned vehicles is possible based on scientific research into the risks arising during their operation. It is substantiated that identification, differentiation, monitoring of risks determined by appearance of unmanned vehicles on highways is a necessary condition for development of a scientifically based system of legal measures of general and private prevention, including measures of legal liability for relevant offenses, based on categorisation of risks and threats of violation of mandatory requirements adopted to ensure transport safety and traffic management using this type of vehicle.The fundamental provisions are analysed and comprehended underlying the application of the risk­based approach in homogeneous and single-type social relations.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Framework for Ensuring Safe Operation of Railway Equipment Based on the Service Life of Load-Bearing Structures","authors":"V. S. Kossov, D. Knyazev, N. F. Krasyukov, N. Makhutov, M. Gadenin","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-10","url":null,"abstract":"Switching the operation of railway equipment to life cycle contracts and confirming its safety compliance with industry technical regulations in the absence of a legislative framework for the recall of substandard products entails the need for a more thorough analysis of resource indicators of structural components of rolling stock and track superstructure. From this point of view, the state of the existing regulatory framework for confirming the strength and service life criteria of load­bearing elements of rolling stock and track, the influence of the regulatory «guillotine» and the general transition from the system of Soviet state standards GOSTs and strength rules to modern approaches of certification and differentiation of such concepts as «standard» and «supporting standard».Trends in moving away from classical bench testing methods towards introduction of a resource-based approach with defectiveness assessment are shown using examples of previously carried out research on safe operation of ER200 bogie frame and on the transition to domestic cassette bearings as part of import substitution, currently carried out for different types of rolling stock.Based on the new methods and approaches, it is possible to consider longer periods of operation, reasonably assess the extension of service life, or introduce resource-restoring technology, ensuring further safe operation. As part of these new trends, a transition is being made to modern modelling methods for assessing product safety, concepts such as «virtual sensor» and «virtual train-track system» are being introduced. It is shown that a reasonable combination of full-scale operational tests and virtual digital modelling makes it possible to offer reliable estimates of service life and safety indicators at the design and operation stages in a short time.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"114 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bifurcation Points of Carbon Regulation","authors":"B. Lyovin, V. Y. Tsvetkov, N. V. Isain, A. L. Okhotnikov","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-9","url":null,"abstract":"There are 1800 climate change laws around the world. In recent years, the rapid increase in carbon emissions has caused global warming and climate pollution, causing serious harm to social development and human health. Reducing carbon emissions is getting a lot of attention. Since the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, many countries have made efforts to reduce carbon emissions.The article describes the international processes intended to adopt regulations on greenhouse gas emissions, including the regulated market for quotas and the voluntary market for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The emphasis is on European and Russian quota mechanisms. The stages of development of transborder carbon regulation in the EU are highlighted. It is noted that in Russia, the leader in application of ESG criteria is JSC Russian Railways, as a company that is consistently pursuing the transition to implementing the principles of sustainable development.The conclusions on international trends in development of carbon regulation are followed by proposals on solutions regarding problematic aspects of the new Russian carbon legislation. According to the authors, the target scenario remains the transition to a new technological structure ensuring a real reducing the carbon footprint.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typification of Projects for Development of High-Speed Rail","authors":"S. P. Vakulenko, D. Romensky, K. Kalinin","doi":"10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-8","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging demand for improving consumer parameters of rail passenger transport leads to the need to build a dedicated railway infrastructure for passenger trains with speeds exceeding in some sections 250 km/h. The high capital intensity of dedicated infrastructure development projects imposes significant restrictions on their scope and financial feasibility. The geographically determined location of urban agglomerations in European and Asian countries has led to formation of many approaches to the routing of lines for high-speed passenger transportation.The projects for development of dedicated high-speed railways being developed in various countries differ in their technical, technological, and operational characteristics. The use of different approaches has led to different efficiency of the passenger traffic, expressed in the demand of passengers for transportation.A structural analysis of existing high-speed transportation projects allowed revealing general patterns of their development. By the number of operational tasks arising with regard to movement of trains, the phases of traffic development were divided into linear, tree­like and network stages. Thus, when moving from the linear structure of a high-speed rail, an additional problem arises of trains passing from the main track to the secondary one. The transition to the network stage can result in emergence of parallel passages rail tracks between urban agglomerations.To generalise the experience of operating high-speed systems in the world, the article describes the developed method that allows comparing different projects for organising high-speed rail with each other. The comparison is made according to the main characteristics of traffic: travel time between separation points, the traffic speed, the total length of the railway line. Identification of the patterns inherent in various projects for development of high-speed rail will make it possible to compare their technological parameters, to identify the scope of rational use of high-speed lines and areas of competition with other core types of transport.","PeriodicalId":121504,"journal":{"name":"World of Transport and Transportation","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}