Field Crops Research最新文献

{"title":"Adaptation progress and challenges of winter wheat breeding in China under climate warming","authors":"Wanrui Han,&nbsp;Yaobin Liu,&nbsp;Shengnan Wang,&nbsp;Muhammad Fraz Ali,&nbsp;Lijuan Ma,&nbsp;Xiang Lin,&nbsp;Dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Plant breeding has successfully adapted crops globally, with one of the emerging challenges being the adaptation to progressively warmer days and nights. While the adaptation of wheat varieties to future climate conditions is crucial, a thorough understanding of this process remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Here, we evaluated genetic advancement under current and future climates by using a dataset of real wheat breeding trials using 9669 wheat varieties from 2012 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>The findings revealed the following: Under climate change, yield decreased by mean 1.44 % for advanced wheat breeding strains, compared with that of the check varieties (-2.49 %). Yields of advanced wheat breeding lines decreased by mean 3.16 % per 1 °C warming compared with those of check varieties (-4.52 %), indicating the superior climate resilience of the former. Wheat yield losses due to warming occurred frequently in the later stages of wheat growth (heading-maturity). Under the future climate in four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, SSP5–8.5), advanced winter wheat breeding varieties had difficulty overcoming the declining yield trend, suggesting that breeding heat-tolerant wheat varieties will continue to be a priority and a challenge in managing under the conditions of climate warming.</div></div><div><h3>Significant</h3><div>Our study highlights that accelerating the current progress in breeding for heat tolerance in wheat is imperative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109889"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super hybrid rice improved yield by increasing spikelet amount and efficiency under optimized density-nitrogen cultivation","authors":"Jialin Ge ,&nbsp;Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Song ,&nbsp;Huanhe Wei ,&nbsp;Qigen Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109859","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The production pattern of super hybrid rice is high-input, high-yield, and low efficiency. Increasing the number of total spikelets can improve grain yield under combined density-nitrogen cultivation. However, spikelet production efficiency has received less attention, and the association between yield and spikelet production (including amount and efficiency) remains unclear.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study evaluated the synergistic mechanism between yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency of super hybrid rice cultivars under combined density-nitrogen conditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Super hybrid rice cultivars were planted under combined density-nitrogen conditions to create various rice populations with different numbers of total spikelets. Path analysis was conducted on yield components. Spikelet characteristics and nutrients dynamics were described during panicle and spikelet development. Spikelet production efficiencies were calculated, and their relationships with the number of total spikelets and yield were evaluated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The number of total spikelets was the most influential factor in yielding components of super hybrid rice. Among cultivars, super hybrid rice CYQH achieved the highest yield, number of total spikelets, and SPE&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt;， and it showed the second-best performance for spikelet number per panicle, SPE&lt;sub&gt;DM&lt;/sub&gt;, and SPE&lt;sub&gt;NSC&lt;/sub&gt;. Among treatments, the highest yield, number of total spikelets, and SPE&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; were realized under the combined density-nitrogen treatment HDHN. The increased number of total spikelets was adjusted by the number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, especially the enhanced secondary branches and spikelets. The dry mass, NSC and nitrogen content increased continuously during panicle and spikelet development, while the C&lt;sub&gt;NSC&lt;/sub&gt;/N&lt;sub&gt;T&lt;/sub&gt; decreased first and then increased. Positive correlations existed between yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency. Moreover, there were positive correlations between spikelet number per panicle, secondary branch number, secondary spikelet number and shoot nitrogen content.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study demonstrated that grain yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency could be synergistically improved in super hybrid rice cultivars. The number of total spikelets was the most influential factor in yield. The improved secondary branches and spikelets increased the spikelets per panicle. The dry mass, NSC, N accumulations and C&lt;sub&gt;NSC&lt;/sub&gt;/N&lt;sub&gt;T&lt;/sub&gt; provided nutritional support for panicle and spikelet development. The enhanced spikelet production efficiency suggested a highly coordinated sink-source relationship. The treatment HDHN produced more spikelets to form grain yield, improved nutrient accumulations, and increased the spikele","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109859"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear background temperature dependency of winter wheat yield across the China’s main producing areas under climate warming","authors":"Mengting Liu ,&nbsp;Chaoran Yang ,&nbsp;Chenghao Wei ,&nbsp;Mengkai Wang ,&nbsp;Changqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109879","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Climate warming is widely anticipated to impact winter wheat yields, yet the regional disparities and uncertainties associated with its effects on these yields complicate the extrapolation of experimental findings to broader geographical areas and larger scales.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our research aims to clarify the regional response characteristics of winter wheat yields to climate warming in China.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our research compiled data from the literature published in recent years on warming experiments in main winter wheat-producing areas of China, as well as from our multi-year warming experiments. Our study developed a spatial projection model to forecast alterations in winter wheat yields under prospective climate scenarios. This model integrated meta-analytic approaches, advanced mathematical statistical methods, and sophisticated spatial analysis techniques.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study demonstrated that the impact of global warming on winter wheat yields exhibited significant regional heterogeneity, with effects strongly related to the initial background air temperature of the region. A diurnal continuous warming response model constructed based on meta-analysis reveals a distinct threshold characteristic in winter wheat's response to climate warming. When the background air temperature is below 10.7°C, warming can increase winter wheat yields, whereas above this threshold, it may lead to a reduction in yields. For China's main winter wheat production areas, a 1°C increase in temperature can lead to a 5.12 % increase in yield. And according to current climate scenario predictions, by 2050, climate warming is projected to result in a net increase of 6.02 % in winter wheat production.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The impact of climate warming on winter wheat yields exhibits a linear response relationship with the regional background temperature. A critical temperature threshold of 10.7°C divides winter wheat production areas into warming-benefit zones and warming-stress zones. This finding suggests that the simplistic assumption of \"warming leads to yield reduction\" may introduce systematic bias in assessing the effects of climate change. It highlights the necessity of incorporating regional temperature baselines for differentiated predictions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study provides decision-making support for regional winter wheat production. By identifying suitable planting areas for winter wheat based on temperature response thresholds, it guides the moderate expansion of cultivation in low-temperature potential zones and the adjustment of variety distribution in high-temperature risk zones. It offers a quantitative basis for developing differentiated adaptation strategies for winter wheat production, such as variety breeding and sowing date adjustments. Additionally, embedding temperature threshold parameters into c","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109879"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How changes in cover crop termination timing affect soybean yield? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Camila Rebelatto Muniz ,&nbsp;Tatiane Severo Silva ,&nbsp;Camila Jorge Bernabé Ferreira ,&nbsp;Shawn Conley ,&nbsp;Spyridon Mourtzinis ,&nbsp;Joe McClure ,&nbsp;Seth Naeve ,&nbsp;Rachel Vann ,&nbsp;Matheus de Freitas Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cover crops (CCs) are widely adopted in the United States for their benefits, such as improving nutrient retention, soil stability, and weed control. However, some of the effects of CC termination timing on soybean productivity remain uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of CC termination timing on soybean yield through a systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 studies conducted in the US over the past decade.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A meta-analysis was performed to assess CC effects across regions, focusing on variables such as CC family, termination timing, method, and local environmental conditions, including precipitation and soil pH.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the Midwest, Poaceae (e.g., cereal rye, <em>Secale cereale</em>) reduced soybean yield, while legumes increased yield by up to 22.4%. In the South, CC effects were neutral. Mid-April termination improved yield by up to 12% for maturity groups I–III, which consist of short-cycle cultivars that reach maturity faster for harvesting, allowing for efficient resource use. In contrast, late termination (April–May) reduced yield by 4.5% for maturity groups IV–V, which have longer growth cycles. Late planting accelerates flowering of soybean cultivars of groups IV–V, shortening the growth cycle and reducing yield. Furthermore, rainfall limitations in late plantings may be more intense when cultivars with longer cycles are planted due to the arrival of autumn, harming grain filling and, consequently, yield. Chemical termination in mid-April increased yield by 38%, whereas mechanical methods negated this effect. Precipitation (∼1500 mm) and soil pH above 6.11 were key factors enhancing CC benefits</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight the importance of adjusting CC termination timing and methods based on soybean maturity group and regional environmental conditions to optimize productivity and maximize the benefits of CC practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of agrivoltaic systems on microclimate, grain yield, and quality of lowland rice under a temperate climate","authors":"Chun Hau Thum,&nbsp;Kensuke Okada,&nbsp;Yuji Yamasaki,&nbsp;Yoichiro Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>An agrivoltaic system is an emerging approach for establishing an integrated food–energy system that combines crop production and photovoltaic energy generation. However, maintaining high crop productivity with reduced solar radiation is a major concern for intensive farming.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objective was to characterize the microclimate, grain yield, and quality of rice cultivated in an agrivoltaic system in a temperate climate.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Field experiments were conducted at a lowland farm in Japan for 6 years, during the summers of 2018–2023. An agrivoltaic system that covered 27 % of the ground surface was established and the rice performance was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the agrivoltaic system, the maximum air temperature was 0.8 °C lower than in the control, but the minimum air temperature did not differ. Grain yield decreased by 23 % on average (6.5 vs. 8.5 t ha⁻¹). The relative yield (agrivoltaic/control) was significantly negatively correlated with the total rainfall. The rice quality traits were also affected, with a lower head rice yield, more chalky grains, and higher grain protein and amylose contents in the agrivoltaic system.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results confirmed our research hypothesis that grain yield in the agrivoltaic system would be limited by the reduced biomass and reduced panicle number, which are critical traits for rice productivity.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Because rice productivity was sensitive to partial shading in the agrivoltaic system, particularly in rainy years, appropriate crop management practices must be developed to reduce the yield loss and stabilize the quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term intercropping regulates the community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and improves wheat yield","authors":"Binzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Bijie Hu ,&nbsp;Ting Li ,&nbsp;Yan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Long-term continuous monoculture has led to frequent cropping obstacles that significantly restrict wheat production. Intercropping of wheat and faba bean is considered an effective strategy to mitigate these challenges, whereas the long-term effects of intercropping on wheat yield remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the impact of long-term intercropping on wheat rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition, and root nitrogen transporter gene expression, with elucidating the synergistic mechanisms underlying yield enhancement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A field experiment was conducted to compare two planting modes, wheat monocropping (M) and wheat-faba bean intercropping (I), over two durations (2 and 10 years) to examine their effects on wheat yield, soil physicochemical properties, AMF communities, and root nitrogen transporter gene expression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intercropping increased wheat yield compared to monocropping, with the highest yield observed after 10 years of intercropping. Long-term intercropping improved wheat rhizosphere soil structure, significantly increased nutrient content, and enhanced soil fertility. It also increased AMF colonization ability, richness, and diversity, while regulating the AMF community structure, which promoted the expression of nitrogen transporter genes in wheat roots, improving nitrogen absorption, and ultimately boosting yield. These beneficial effects were more pronounced after long-term intercropping.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Long-term wheat-faba bean intercropping enhanced the AMF community composition, improved the soil physicochemical properties, enhanced the nitrogen transport efficiency, promoted wheat growth, and ultimately increased production.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Long-term intercropping contributes to promoting sustainable agricultural production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109874"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic progress in cotton fiber yield and its components in Türkiye","authors":"Yaşar Akışcan","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Understanding the genetic progress in yield and its components is crucial for the effective planning of future research. However, no study has been conducted to examine the genetic progress in yield and yield components of cotton varieties released in Türkiye.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In this context, the objectives of this study were to estimate the contribution of cotton breeding programs to the genetic improvement of fiber yield and its components in Türkiye, and moreover, to examine changes in yield components and their relationships with fiber yield.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety-eight cotton varieties released in Türkiye between 1964 and 2013 were evaluated in field experiments during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fiber yields varied significantly among the varieties. Linear regression analysis revealed a highly significant positive relationship between fiber yield and the year of release (P &lt; 0.001). Over the 50-year period from 1964 to 2013, cotton breeding programs achieved an annual increase of 1.07 % or 14.42 kg ha⁻¹ . Additionally, fiber yield was positively correlated with the boll number (0.802) and the ginning percentage (0.536), while negatively correlated with plant height (-0.367) and seed index (-0.407).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Improvement in fiber yield was mainly associated with an increase in the boll number and ginning percentage. Some key correlations were identified between fiber yield and its components. These relationships offer valuable insights into which traits can be enhanced concurrently in future breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109878"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of intercropping and low-external input integrated pest management on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in maize","authors":"M. Srinivasa Rao,&nbsp;T.V. Prasad,&nbsp;D.L.A. Gayatri,&nbsp;C.A. Rama Rao,&nbsp;K. Srinivas,&nbsp;G. Pratibha,&nbsp;Timmanna,&nbsp;M. Prabhakar,&nbsp;V.K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The Fall armyworm (FAW) or <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, an invasive insect pest, is polyphagous and destructive to maize crop in India. Farmers are resorting to the indiscriminate use of insecticides for its control. Solely resorting on chemical insecticides is uneconomical, and unsustainable. Further, practicing monocropping encourages pest incidence while intercropping creates the crop diversity and provides natural control. Thus, it is imperative to identify environmentally and economically sustainable pest management options.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Achieving a system with improved entomological, agronomical, and economic efficiencies by accomplishing low-external-input integrated pest management (LEIIPM) and promoting the crop diversity through intercropping for the management of <em>S. frugiperda.</em></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Efficacy of the pest management treatments based on readily available low external inputs such as application of additional K-nutrition, prophylactic measures, biorationals and their integration as LEIIPM module were evaluated in comparison with chemical control and untreated check. These treatments were imposed across three cropping systems viz., sole crop of maize, maize+cowpea (1:2), and maize+pigeonpea (2:1). Insect pest incidence was monitored at weekly intervals by recording absolute larval population, leaf damage, and the natural enemy (Coccinellids and Spiders) population. The competitive behavior of maize and intercrops was estimated in terms of maize equivalent yields (MEY) land equivalent ratio (LER), and area time equivalent ratio (ATER). The economic efficiency of these systems in terms of marginal rate of returns (MRR) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intercropping maize with cowpea reduced the absolute larval population in the vegetative (30 %) and reproductive stages (24.54 %) of the crop in LEIIPM. A similar reduction was observed when intercropped with pigeonpea. Natural enemy population (coccinellids and spiders) was higher in maize+cowpea system (1.19 and 0.94) followed by maize+pigeonpea (1.1 and 0.86) with LEIIPM module. Agronomic efficiency measured in terms of MEY (58.10), LER (1.69) and ATER (1.45) and economic efficiency in terms of BCR (1:5.45) and MRR (6.45) were higher in maize+cowpea system with LEIIPM module.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Integration of diversified cropping systems with non-chemical approaches in the form of LEIIPM was agronomically suitable, entomologically efficient, and cost-effective in the management of <em>S. frugiperda</em> in maize crop.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>LEIIPM with diversified intercropping systems in maize offers effective and economical insect pest management. However, in order to achieve the effective management, timeliness, planning, preparation in advance and area-wide adoption are required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109868"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the role of genotype-by-environment interaction in summer maize hybrids based on multiple traits using envirotyping techniques and genotype by yield × trait approaches","authors":"Haiwang Yue ,&nbsp;das Graças Dias Kaio Olimpio ,&nbsp;Jiashuai Zhu ,&nbsp;Junzhou Bu ,&nbsp;Jianwei Wei ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Liu ,&nbsp;Haoxiang Yang ,&nbsp;Xuwen Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The use of high-yielding, stable, and widely adaptable summer maize hybrids is essential for the sustainable cultivation of maize globally. However, contemporary breeding programs face challenges in identifying genotypes that exhibit consistent performance while maintaining desired agronomic characteristics across diverse environments. Dynamic shifts in global meteorological and edaphic conditions have impacted the evaluation of summer maize performance in China's multi-environment trials (METs). Multi-perspective analysis of genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) is then essential for characterizing maize yield stability and trait expression across agroecological zones.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the performance and stability of maize genotypes in the Huang-Huai-Hai region by integrating environmental techniques (ETs) with multi-trait selection methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-eight maize hybrids and a check hybrid (ZD958) were evaluated across 29 locations in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China during the 2019–2021 cropping seasons, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on 30 years (1993–2023) of environmental data, which included 19 meteorological and 6 soil physicochemical factors, the ETs classified the 29 locations across eight provinces into six distinct mega-environments (MEs). The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model analysis revealed that genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G×E) significantly influenced (p &lt; 0.05) for all agronomic parameters from 2019 to 2021. The combined performance of grain yield and other agronomic traits—such as growth period, plant height, ear height, lodging rate, barren stalk rate, grain moisture content at harvest, ear row number, bare tip length, and 100-grain weight—across different MEs was assessed using the genotype by yield × trait (GYT) biplot approach. The integration of GYT biplots with ETs effectively identified dominant hybrids across different MEs. Among the evaluated hybrids from 2019 to 2021, HY1604 exhibited both high yield and stability in MEs 1–4, categorizing it as a high-yielding, stable hybrid. HY573 and SD610 demonstrated relatively balanced performance in yield-trait combinations in MEs 5 and 6, respectively. The control hybrid, ZD958, showed strong stability but average yield performance over the three-year MET period.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The use of environmental characterization techniques to delineate MEs, combined with the GYT biplot approach to evaluate yield, adaptability, and stability, facilitated precise variety placement, and provided a robust theoretical framework for the comprehensive evaluation of multiple traits in summer maize hybrids in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-specific nutrient management for rice using soil properties to adjust phosphorus and potassium supply from compound NPK fertilizer","authors":"Setia Sari Girsang ,&nbsp;Rowena L. Castillo ,&nbsp;Mahyuddin Syam ,&nbsp;Zulkifli Zaini ,&nbsp;Sunendar Kartaatmadja ,&nbsp;Suyamto ,&nbsp;Judith Carla Dela Torre ,&nbsp;Irish Lorraine B. Pabuayon ,&nbsp;Romalene A. Limpiada ,&nbsp;Waluyo ,&nbsp;Helmi ,&nbsp;Samijan ,&nbsp;Rohmad Budiono ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hatta ,&nbsp;Nurhayati ,&nbsp;Ngurah Bagus Kamandalu ,&nbsp;Bambang Susanto ,&nbsp;Dorkas Parhusip ,&nbsp;Zainal Abidin ,&nbsp;Roland J. Buresh","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><div>Compound fertilizers containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are often applied to rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) in Asia, but the fixed P:K ratio of these fertilizers can restrict the adjustment of P and K rates to match crop needs.</div></div><div><h3>Objective or research question</h3><div>We hypothesized that site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) using a locally available NPK fertilizer could increase rice yield and then that soil properties could be used to better adjust nutrient inputs to match crop needs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Yield responses to added N, P, and K in on-farm nutrient omission plot technique (NOPT) trials across Indonesia were used to develop an SSNM practice, which was evaluated relative to farmer’s fertilizer practice (FFP) in 528 on-farm trials with lowland rice. Relationships of soil properties with yield responses were then examined across 38 additional trials on diverse soils.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An SSNM practice with one NPK fertilizer supplying all P and K increased yield by 0.4 Mg ha⁻¹ and increased gross return above fertilizer cost by 173 USD ha⁻¹ compared to FFP. The SSNM practice used less N and P but slightly more K than FFP. Median relative yields — defined as the ratio of yield in a nutrient omission plot and yield in a full-fertilizer plot — were 0.75 without added N, 0.94 without added P, and 0.94 without added K for 252 NOPT trials. Based on NOPT trials, the SSNM practice could be improved by applying more K at some locations because the P:K ratio of 0.52 (P₂O₅:K₂O = 1) for the NPK fertilizer was higher than the estimated optimum to meet crop needs. Higher K requirement was associated with soil pH &lt; 5.5, soil K saturation &lt; 1.8 %, and soil base saturation &lt; 40 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Farmer’s P use for rice can often be reduced with an upper limit for the P rate set to match the net removal of P by the crop. An NPK fertilizer with P:K ratio = 0.44–0.52 would meet P and K requirements at many locations, and a mid-season topdressing of additional K could be targeted to locations requiring more K. Higher K use could target areas with soil pH &lt; 5.5, which could be approximated from soil maps and verified with soil test kits.</div></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><div>The examination of associations between crop response to a nutrient and soil properties, other than soil nutrient status, merits use elsewhere to identify soil characteristics helpful in fine-tuning SSNM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109864"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}