103日与111日玉米杂交种产量和籽粒性状的遗传改良

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110125

Kyle King , Tony J. Vyn , Slobodan Trifunovic , Doug Eudy , Kendall R. Lamkey , Sotirios V. Archontoulis

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景随着新的玉米杂交品种进入市场以及环境和管理实践不断发展，需要不断更新谷物产量遗传增益估计（育种进展的一项衡量指标）。目的1)确定103日龄和111日龄Bayer Legacy杂交种在籽粒产量和粒数、粒重、籽粒水分等次要性状上的遗传增益；2)分析籽粒产量构成因素对籽粒产量增加的贡献。方法研究了美国玉米带18个环境中的40个短季杂交种（103天）和26个环境中的38个全季杂交种（111天）。这些杂交品种于1980年至2020年发布，没有任何生物技术性状。我们评估了5个玉米性状：籽粒产量、粒数、粒重、籽粒水分和试重，以及3个效率：单株产量、施氮产量和脱壳效率（粒穗比）。我们估计了2021-2023年气候和作物管理条件下每个性状的育种遗传增益。结果籽粒产量显著增加113 kg ha - 1 year - 1，成熟期组间差异不显著。两项产量成分均随杂交释放年份的增加而显著增加。103天和111天杂交的籽粒数增加分别占产量增加的72 %和56 %。在不同的环境中，产量组成部分的遗传增益估计值的变化幅度是粮食产量的3倍。两种杂交品种的单株产量、每公斤氮肥产量和脱壳效率均显著提高，但籽粒水分和试重随杂交品种释放年份的变化基本不变。结论相对成熟度影响籽粒产量成分对籽粒增产的贡献，但不影响植株效率。本研究利用综合的多环境数据更新了拜耳作物科学传统杂交的遗传增益估计，并提供了有价值的关于次要性状的新信息，增强了我们对粮食产量形成的理解。

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Genetic improvement in grain yield and kernel traits of 103- vs. 111-day maize hybrids

Context

Genetic gain estimates for grain yields (a measure of breeding progress) need to be continuously updated as new maize hybrids enter the marketplace and environments and management practices are continuously evolving.

Objective

1) To determine genetic gains in grain yield and secondary traits such as kernel number, kernel weight and grain moisture in 103-day and 111-day Bayer Legacy hybrids, and 2) to dissect the contributions of grain yield components to grain yield increase.

Methods

We examined 40 short-season hybrids (103-day) across 18 environments, and 38 full-season hybrids (111-day) across 26 environments in the US Corn Belt. The hybrids were released from 1980 to 2020 and had no biotech traits. We evaluated five maize traits: grain yield, kernel number, kernel weight, grain moisture, and test weight, and three efficiencies: yield per plant, yield per N-fertilizer applied, and shelling efficiency (kernel to ear weight). We estimated breeding genetic gain for each trait under 2021–2023 weather and crop management conditions.

Results

Grain yield significantly increased by 113 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ with no significant differences between maturity groups. Both grain yield components significantly increased with the year of hybrid release. Kernel number increase accounted for 72 % and 56 % of yield increase in 103 and 111-day hybrids, respectively. Genetic gain estimates for yield components were 3-times more variable across environments than grain yield. Yield per plant, yield per kg of N fertilizer, and shelling efficiency were significantly increased for both hybrid maturities, but grain moisture and test weight remained unchanged with the year of hybrid release.

Conclusions

Relative maturity affected the contribution of grain yield components to grain yield increase but not plant efficiencies.

Significance

This study updates genetic gain estimates for Bayer Crop Science legacy hybrids using a comprehensive multi-environment dataset and provides valuable new information on secondary traits that enhance our understanding of grain yield formation.

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.