Field Crops Research最新文献

{"title":"Yield performance of rice with different root system architecture with combination of DRO1 and qSOR1 alleles under different fertilization regimes","authors":"Nabila Mumtahina ,&nbsp;Aya Matsuoka ,&nbsp;Yusaku Uga ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Shimono ,&nbsp;Maya Matsunami","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Optimizing root system architecture (RSA) through genetic selection and targeted fertilization strategies can improve nutrient efficiency and crop productivity. We investigated the contrasting RSA determined by two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), <em>DRO1</em> and <em>qSOR1</em>, which control root growth angle in rice, in the context of fertilization methods—broadcasting and local application—that differ markedly in nutrient distribution within the soil. Through this approach, we aimed to clarify how RSA related traits interact with fertilization strategies to enhance rice productivity in paddy field.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Field trials were conducted over two years (2022–2023) in Morioka and Takizawa, Japan, using lowland rice IR64 and its three introgression lines (ILs) differing in functional/unfunctional alleles of <em>DRO1</em> and <em>qSOR1</em>. Compared to IR64, the ILs exhibit three distinct RSA: shallow (SHALLOW), deep (DEEP), and shallow + deep (DIMORPHIC). Fertilization treatments included Mix (NPK broadcasted and mixed into the soil) and Local (NPK embedded 10-cm deep). Grain yield, mineral uptake and root distribution were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the two-year trial period, the DEEP and DIMORPHIC lines consistently exhibited superior yields compared with IR64 and SHALLOW across fertilization regimes and experimental sites. The root surface area in the deeper soil layer (10–20 cm below the soil surface) was strongly correlated with grain yield. Local fertilization consistently resulted in higher yields and enhanced mineral uptake relative to Mix fertilization. Moreover, root proliferation was observed at fertilized position under the Local regime across all lines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>DRO1</em>-mediated deep rooting enhanced mineral uptake and yield under flooded conditions. Local fertilization increased nutrient availability and stimulated root proliferation in nutrient-rich zones, thereby improving nutrient uptake. Together, these findings underscore the importance of integrating root architectural traits with fertilization strategies to maximize rice productivity and nutrient use efficiency, providing valuable insights for breeding resource-efficient varieties adapted to sustainable agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased cutting frequency coupled with mineral nitrogen fertilization enhances forage productivity and reduces greenhouse gas intensity in an arid legume-grass cultivated grassland","authors":"Muhammad Usman Ghani ,&nbsp;Shanning Lou ,&nbsp;Jiao Ning ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kamran ,&nbsp;Awais Shakoor ,&nbsp;Wanhe Zhu ,&nbsp;Fujiang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable intensification of forage production in arid regions requires strategies that enhance yield while minimizing environmental impacts. Organic amendments improve soil health by increasing soil organic matter; however, their effectiveness compared to mineral fertilizers with increased cutting frequency remains unclear. A two-year field study (2022–2023) evaluated the effects of nitrogen sources, including control (CK), urea (UF), cow manure compost (CMC), and poultry manure compost (PMC), and cutting frequencies (3 and 5 cuttings/year) on forage yield, quality, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in alfalfa-tall fescue mixtures in arid conditions. Increasing cutting frequency from 3 to 5 resulted in a 5.8 % to 6.2 % increase in dry matter yield (DMY), 5.9 % to 15.4 % increase in crude protein yield (CPY), 4.3 % to 6.7 % increase in relative feed value (RFV), and 5.6 % to 5.8 % increase in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) with urea fertilization, but had no significant effect with CK, CMC, and PMC. Urea fertilization with 5 cuttings (UF-5) produced the highest DMY (13,721 kg ha⁻¹ and 14,074 kg ha⁻¹) and CPY (1989 kg ha⁻¹ and 2376 kg ha⁻¹) in 2022 and 2023, respectively, outperforming organic amendments. UF-5 also reduced fiber contents (ADF and NDF), improving forage quality. Although urea fertilization increased nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes, the global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were lowest with UF-5, due to increased methane (CH₄) uptake and reduced carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Organic composts improved soil organic carbon (SOC) but did not maintain high productivity. These findings demonstrate that urea fertilization with increased cutting frequency optimizes forage yield while minimizing GHGI in arid grasslands. The slow nitrogen release from organic amendments limits their effectiveness, making mineral nitrogen sources more efficient in intensified cutting regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling water-nitrogen management for maize production and greenhouse gas emissions in arid Northwestern China using the DNDC model","authors":"Runheng Yang ,&nbsp;Jinxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng Yin ,&nbsp;Pengliang Tian ,&nbsp;Liangliang Du ,&nbsp;Yingru Xie ,&nbsp;Lin Ding ,&nbsp;Yangang Yang ,&nbsp;Qingzhuo Li ,&nbsp;Jianrong Xiao ,&nbsp;Xi Wei ,&nbsp;Xinlong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110356","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maize production in arid Northwestern China is increasingly constrained by water scarcity and rising carbon emissions. Inefficient water and nitrogen management practices exacerbate resource waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, hindering progress toward sustainable agriculture and carbon neutrality. Consequently, there is an urgent need to optimize integrated water-nitrogen management strategies to simultaneously enhance crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) while mitigating GHG emissions. In this study, field experiments combined with the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model were used to assess the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on maize yield and GHG emissions. A field experiment was conducted with three irrigation gradients: severe water deficit (W1: 45–60 % θ&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;), moderate water deficit (W2: 60–75 % θ&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;), and mild water deficit (W3: 75–90 % θ&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;, where θ&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt; denotes field capacity); and three nitrogen application rates: low (F1: 120 kg/ha), medium (F2: 240 kg/ha), and high (F3: 360 kg/ha). The DNDC model was calibrated and validated using field data from 2023 to 2024, and was then linked with four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) to project maize yield and GHG emissions from 2025 to 2100. Results indicated that N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions were significantly affected by water-nitrogen interactions (P &lt; 0.05), whereas CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes remained a weak sink and showed no significant response to the treatments (P &gt; 0.05). The higher cumulative N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions observed in the second year were primarily attributed to variations in water-filled pore space (WFPS), whereas soil temperature showed no significant correlation with N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions. Compared with high nitrogen input, a moderate nitrogen application rate significantly reduced N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions. Across irrigation regimes, global warming potential (GWP) increased progressively with increasing water and nitrogen inputs. Nitrogen application rate was the dominant controlling factor for greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) under wet conditions, whereas water deficit severity was dominant under drought. The F2W3 treatment achieved the highest maize yield and significantly enhanced WUE and key growth traits. This management strategy is projected to support yield increases and emissions reduction under the SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5 scenarios. However, under high-emission scenarios, maize yield is projected to decline significantly alongside increased GHG emissions, with soils shifting from a CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; sink to a source. Based on the combined results of the Mann-Kendall trend test and VIKOR multi-criteria decision analysis, F2W3 was identified as the optimal strategy, simultaneously achieving high yield, improved WUE, and lower GHG emissions. These findings provide a robust scientific basis for sustainable maize production and carbon-neutral agricul","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110356"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niche isolation in apple/soybean intercropping more effectively alleviates interspecific competition compared to apple/alfalfa intercropping","authors":"Wenwen Wei,&nbsp;Tingting Liu,&nbsp;Zhe Li,&nbsp;Lei Shen,&nbsp;Luhua Li,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Intercropping legumes with fruit trees in arid regions offer potential for sustainable intensification, yet interspecific competition often compromises crop yields. Balancing resource partitioning and productivity remains a critical challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study compared the agronomic performance of apple/soybean intercropping (IAS) and apple/alfalfa intercropping (IAA) intercropping systems in China's arid zone, focusing on yield trade-offs, root niche segregation, and soil nitrogen dynamics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Root distribution patterns, soil inorganic nitrogen content, dry matter allocation, and land equivalent ratio (LER) were quantified across monoculture and intercropped systems using root-drill sampling and spatial regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>Intercropping reduced soybean and alfalfa yields by 42–54 % and apple yields by 29.54 %-37.99 % compared to monocultures. However, the IAS system achieved higher land-use efficiency (LER: 1.22–1.28) than IAA (1.15–1.19), driven by soybean’s adaptive root plasticity under shade. Vertical root stratification (apple roots in the 20–40 cm soil depth vs. crops in the 0–20 cm soil depth) minimized competition, while intercropping increased soil ammonium-N by 55.47–60.09 % and reduced nitrate-N leaching by 22.3–27.5 %. Soybean allocated more biomass to stems under shading, whereas alfalfa prioritized root growth after mowing. Despite yield penalties, the IAS system demonstrated superior systemic productivity through niche complementarity and nitrogen cycling optimization.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>These results highlight the importance of species selection and root management in designing sustainable agroforestry systems for arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110349"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving yield advantage with zero-sum soil carbon sequestration: Rhizosphere mechanisms driven by legume-cereal interactions","authors":"Zhengfeng Wu ,&nbsp;Feng Guo ,&nbsp;Xinying Song ,&nbsp;Jishun Yang ,&nbsp;Lanlan Du ,&nbsp;Dunwei Ci ,&nbsp;Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Qiqi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intercropping peanut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L.) with maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) offers a strategy for advancing green and low-carbon agricultural practices, yet the crop- and depth- specific responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remain unclear. A long-term field experiment (initiated in 2016) comparing peanut monoculture (MP), maize monoculture (MM), and the peanut-maize rotational strip intercropping (RMP) was established to investigate the effects of peanut-maize intercropping on crop yields, SOC dynamics, and associated rhizosphere microbial mechanisms. Results showed that relative to monoculture, intercropping decreased peanut yield by 56.0 % but increased maize yield by 30.9 %, resulting in the overall yield advantage. For peanut strips, intercropping enhanced SOC mineralization rate (<em>K</em>_c) for both depths by 20.7 % and 14.2 %, primarily driven by enhanced carbon (C) and N availability, <em>r</em>-shifted microbial communities, and higher enzyme activities. Conversely, for maize strips, intercropping slightly reduced the topsoil <em>K</em>_c by 5.3 % due to negative priming effect under high-quality residues input, but increased subsoil <em>K</em>_c by 19.6 %, linked to rhizosphere priming effect. Regulation by N_min-mediated substrate quality, the temperature sensitivity of SOC mineralization (<em>Q</em>₁₀) decreased under intercropping, particularly in peanut strips, suggesting enhanced SOC resilience to warming. Despite these changes, the net SOC stock in the topsoil remained comparable between intercropping and monoculture systems, suggesting a near zero-sum C sequestration balance. This arose from opposing C dynamics: peanut strips tended to slightly increase (by 6.2 %) or stabilize SOC, while maize strips experienced SOC depletion in the subsoil (by 16.2 %) due to nutrient mining and enhanced priming. This study highlights that legume-cereal intercropping can enhance yield efficiency and SOC stability without significantly increasing net C stocks, emphasizing the role of species-specific rhizosphere processes in mediating C trade-offs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Straw mulching combined with controlled-release urea improves maize yield and lowers gaseous nitrogen losses in the Loess Plateau via regulating soil enzyme activities and optimizing nitrogen release","authors":"Zheming Liang ,&nbsp;Haoyang Han ,&nbsp;Miao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenbo Lan ,&nbsp;Fanchen Qiao ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiancan Liu ,&nbsp;Shanchao Yue ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Ju Bai ,&nbsp;Zhiping Yang ,&nbsp;Yongliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110366","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Achieving synergistic improvements in productivity and sustainability represents a major challenge for maize production on the semi-arid Loess Plateau.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mulching practices and optimized nitrogen management are critical for regulating maize growth and mitigating gaseous nitrogen losses. However, the mechanisms by which combining different mulching practices and nitrogen fertilizer regimes improves crop productivity while mitigating gaseous nitrogen losses remains unclear, warranting further investigation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Based on a 10-year long-term experiment, a 2-year study (2023–2024) was conducted in the eastern Loess Plateau to assess spring maize growth and gaseous nitrogen losses under different management practices. The experiment included seven field management treatments: six combinations of three mulching practices (no mulching (NM), plastic film mulching (FM), and straw mulching (SM)) and two nitrogen regimes (split urea application (UR) and one-time application of a controlled-release and common urea mixture (CR)), plus a control treatment with no mulching and no nitrogen application (CK).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Among all treatments, SM+CR (CS) exhibited the strongest synergy: compared with NM+UR (UN), CS maintained higher leaf area index (LAI) and SPAD values from the silking stage (R1) to the milk stage (R3), thereby enhancing photosynthesis and resource capture, and increasing dry matter accumulation by 33.94 %-40.23 %. Consequently, relative to UN, the CS treatment promoted more grains per ear and a higher 100-grain weight, ultimately increasing grain yield by 27.51 %-40.03 % and nitrogen uptake by 50.23 %-57.87 %, while reducing gaseous nitrogen losses by 37.27 %-44.60 %. In comparison, FM promoted early-stage maize growth, increased biomass and LAI, and raised intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) 4.16 %-10.54 % relative to NM. However, FM also stimulated the activities of key soil N cycle enzymes (urease, ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), and nitrite reductase (NIR)), leading to a 34.71 %-95.50 % increase in cumulative nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) emissions and a 34.35 %-101.10 % increase in global warming potential (GWP). In contrast to FM, SM moderated soil enzyme activities, improved the soil hydrothermal environment, enhanced nitrogen uptake by 5.26 %-14.89 %, and effectively reduced both yield-scaled NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions. Compared with UR, CR optimized nitrogen release timing, avoiding a mid-to-late season peak in soil enzyme activity and reducing gaseous nitrogen losses by 13.60 %-27.79 %. Consequently, CR increased grains per panicle and improved crop yield by 8.36 %-21.06 %.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;One-time application of a controlled-release and common urea mixture combined with straw mulching (CS) enhances spring maize productivity while mitigating environmental impac","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110366"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of rice production and environmental sustainability under climate change in the Yangtze River Delta: A DNDC-random forest framework approach","authors":"Shuoshuo Liang ,&nbsp;Ping He ,&nbsp;Qingnan Chu ,&nbsp;Wentian He ,&nbsp;Ruochen Li ,&nbsp;Xinpeng Xu ,&nbsp;Rong Jiang ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Linkui Cao ,&nbsp;Zhimin Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The possible solutions for maintaining rice productivity while minimizing environmental impacts under climate change remain unclear. We developed a DNDC-Random Forest (DNDC-RF) framework coupling the process-based DNDC model with random forest machine learning to evaluate rice yield, NH₃ volatilization, and greenhouse gas emissions, and explored optimization potential through multi-objective fertilizer management. The DNDC model demonstrated superior performance in simulating rice yield (R² = 0.83) compared to gaseous emissions (R² = 0.80–0.86), while the DNDC-RF framework achieved enhanced predictive accuracy (R² = 0.93–0.97). Multi-objective optimization using the NSGA-III algorithm identified distinct regional variations in optimal fertilizer management strategies across Yangtze River Delta region, with partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (MF) maintaining comparable yields while reducing GHG emissions by 25–35 % compared to conventional practices (CT). Under the SSP126 scenario, both treatments-maintained productivity gains throughout 2021–2100 with yield increases of 21.8–22.4 % during the early period, while SSP585 led to progressive yield declines reaching 42.3 % below baseline levels. Spatial analysis revealed that northern counties demonstrated greater climate resilience, while southern coastal counties showed increased vulnerability. The findings of our study provide scientific support for developing climate-smart agricultural practices that simultaneously enhance productivity and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110357"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing unique irrigation techniques and different phosphorus rates as strategies to improve peanut growth, phosphorus use efficiency and water productivity","authors":"Ayman M.S. Elshamly ,&nbsp;Modhi O. Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Mashael M. Alotibi ,&nbsp;Maged M. Alharbi ,&nbsp;Esawy Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Samar Swify ,&nbsp;Kassem A.S. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Saudi A. Rekaby ,&nbsp;Adel M. Ghoneim ,&nbsp;Wael A. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Rashid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Maximilian Lackner","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Currently, there is a gap in understanding how fixed partial root-zone irrigation (FDI) and phosphorus (P) levels interact to affect stressed peanut yield and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), with a particular need for data on their dynamic responses and potential to enhance FDI in arid conditions. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was designed using a split-split plot system to evaluate the impact of partial root-zone irrigation techniques, P application rates, and irrigation levels on peanuts. The experiment's goal was to determine how these factors influence the physio-chemical properties, root development, PUE, overall yield, and water productivity (WP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The experimental setup involved two partial root-zone irrigation techniques in the main plots, FDI and alternate partial root-zone driplines (ADI), each with dripline distances of 15 cm and 30 cm from the plant rows, creating four treatments: FDI-15, FDI-30, ADI-15, and ADI-30. Two irrigation levels were applied to the sub-plots, consisting of 100 % and 75 % of the required peanut irrigation. Within these sub-plots, three different P application rates were distributed in the sub-sub plots: 0 kg P ha⁻¹, 45 kg P ha⁻¹, and 72 kg P ha⁻¹.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Variations in wetted area, peanut responses, PUE, yield, and WP were observed depending on the adopted irrigation technique, irrigation level, and P rate. Under FDI-30, the combination of 75 % irrigation level and 72 Kg P ha⁻¹ led to positive outcomes in peanut crops, including higher nutrient content, improved root traits, increased relative water content, greater carbohydrate levels, and enhanced peanut yield and WP. Irrigating plants with 75 % of peanut irrigation amounts and applying 45 Kg P ha⁻¹ using ADI-30 technique resulted in the highest recorded wetted area percentage, relative water content, total chlorophyll, root weight density, K, PUE, overall yield, and WP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on the findings, applying 75 % irrigation level and adopting ADI-30 and 45 kg P ha⁻¹ was recommended to boost peanut yield, PUE, and WP; while achieving efficient use of irrigation and P fertilization amounts. This approach leads to increased profitability, a more resilient farming system, and serves as a model for sustainable water and input management in similar crops and arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110322"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of source capacity to elevated ozone during grain filling determines ozone sensitivity of wheat cultivars","authors":"Yanze Ma ,&nbsp;Yansen Xu ,&nbsp;Xintong Hu ,&nbsp;Evgenios Agathokleous ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Xinyou Yin ,&nbsp;Rong Cao ,&nbsp;Zhaozhong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Elevated tropospheric ozone (O₃) negatively affects both assimilate production (source) and accumulation (sink), leading to reductions in wheat yield. However, the effects of elevated O₃ on source-sink relationships during grain filling in wheat remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of elevated O₃ on source supply, sink growth and their relationship, and to identify the key factors underlying differences in O₃ sensitivity among wheat cultivars.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-year field experiment was conducted at a Free-Air O₃–Concentration Enrichment (O₃–FACE) facility in China to investigate the effects of elevated O₃ on 12 wheat cultivars. A model-based analysis of grain weight and aboveground biomass dynamics was used to evaluate the effects of elevated O₃ on the source-sink relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Elevated O₃ significantly reduced grain yield by 12.7 % across cultivars, with yield losses ranging from 2.4 % to 24.7 %. A significant trade-off between grain yield and O₃ sensitivity indicated that high-yielding cultivars tend to be more sensitive to O₃. Elevated O₃ significantly decreased the rate and duration of post-anthesis source supply and sink growth, but the source was more sensitive to O₃ than the sink. The remobilization of pre-anthesis carbon reserves was increased by elevated O₃, partially mitigating the negative effects of O₃ on sink growth in the O₃-sensitive cultivars. The sensitivity of cultivars to O₃ is primarily attributable to the response of source supply to elevated O₃.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>In summary, reducing O₃-induced impairment of source capacity and increasing remobilization of carbon reserves under high O₃ level are critical strategies for breeding high-yielding and O₃-tolerant wheat cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 110296"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency through OsRAV1 expression and crop management","authors":"Yingbo Gao ,&nbsp;Haiyan Chao ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhao ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Guanda Hu ,&nbsp;Xueqin Chen ,&nbsp;Guowei Wang ,&nbsp;Dunliang Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Juan Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Youping Wang ,&nbsp;Jianye Huang ,&nbsp;Zefeng Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou ,&nbsp;Youli Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><div>Increasing rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) through improved plant architecture and canopy management is a key strategy for sustainable agriculture.</div></div><div><h3>Objective or research question</h3><div>This study investigated the role of AP2/ERF transcription factor <em>OsRAV1</em> in regulating rice growth and yield under varying nitrogen (N) rates and planting densities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A three-year field experiment compared lines expressing different levels of <em>OsRAV1</em> with wild-type controls. <em>OsRAV1</em> expression was significantly influenced by N and planting density.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increased expression of <em>OsRAV1</em> resulted in higher grain yield, primarily through increased spikelet number per panicle. Optimized planting density, combined with a moderate N rate, further enhanced yield, largely due to a reduction in panicle number per unit area at elevated <em>OsRAV1</em> expression. Furthermore, increased <em>OsRAV1</em> levels promoted leaf and stem elongation, increased internode diameter, and improved lodging resistance. <em>OsRAV1</em> also stimulated starch and sucrose metabolism, enhanced nitrogen uptake, increased dry matter accumulation (DMA), and delayed leaf senescence. Conversely, <em>OsRAV1</em> knockout line exhibited reduced grain yield, decreased NUE, and accelerated leaf senescence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>As a crucial regulator of rice architecture and yield, <em>OsRAV1</em> increases spikelet number per panicle, stimulates starch and sucrose metabolism, and delays leaf senescence, thereby enhancing DMA, enhances yield, and improves NUE.</div></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><div>Modulating <em>OsRAV1</em> expression in rice presents a promising strategy to optimize plant architecture, increase yield, and improve NUE - key objectives for breeding programs aimed at sustainable rice production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 110318"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}