Field Crops Research最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of nutrient concentrations and validation of reference sufficiency ranges for current corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids under rainfed and irrigated conditions","authors":"Regina Enninful Adotey ,&nbsp;Xinhua Yin ,&nbsp;Nutifafa Adotey ,&nbsp;Angela McClure ,&nbsp;Jake McNeal ,&nbsp;Tyson Raper ,&nbsp;Virginia Sykes ,&nbsp;Avat Shekoofa ,&nbsp;Mohil Pourebrahimi Foumani ,&nbsp;Zhongqi He","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant analysis is a useful tool for determining crop nutritional status in modern agricultural production. The current Reference Sufficiency Ranges (RSR) for the southern region of the United States, used in Tennessee, were established based on decades-old research and have been utilized with limited modification. Due to substantial changes in corn/maize traits and management practices, evaluating and validating the RSR is warranted. This study aimed to assess concentrations of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) and validate the RSR using current hybrid corn (<em>Zea mays L.</em>). Field studies using a split-split-plot design were conducted in 2021 and 2022. The main plot factor was assigned to water treatments which included rainfed and irrigated conditions. Each main plot included six corn hybrids in separate subplots. Fertilizer was applied as a split-split-plot factor with each corn hybrid evaluated under four fertilizer treatments. Compared with rainfed conditions, N concentration under irrigation improved from the early vegetative to tasseling stages, leading to significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) yield increases across N-fertilizer treatments. Generally, P concentrations were significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) higher in seedling and early vegetative plant tissues when P-fertilizer treatment was applied under rainfed conditions. Although the established RSR occasionally diagnosed deficiency correctly in the absence of fertilizer in this study, it also occasionally diagnosed concentrations as insufficient despite adequate fertilizer application. Overall, the RSR at the seedling stage is too low for current corn hybrids and too high at maturity, indicating a need for an update to the RSR in corn production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110122"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging sustainable agronomic practices in smallholder maize production for environmental and economic gains: Evidence from the Erhai Lake Basin, China","authors":"Feiyu Ying ,&nbsp;Yuewen Huo ,&nbsp;Zhengyuan Liang ,&nbsp;Torsten Müller ,&nbsp;Jagdish K. Ladha ,&nbsp;Hao Ying ,&nbsp;Zhengxiong Zhao ,&nbsp;Fusuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen-Feng Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110124","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Global maize production faces multiple challenges of increasing food security, farmers’ profitability, and reducing environmental impacts, especially in smallholder-dominated, environmentally sensitive areas. Leveraging sustainable agronomic practices from high-performing smallholders holds the potential to reconcile crop production and environmental protection.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study uses the Erhai Lake Basin, a typical lake basin in China surrounded by intensive crop production, as an example to illustrate how optimized agronomic practices can balance the environmental sustainability and economic benefits in maize production.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We conducted extensive farmer surveys across the Erhai Lake Basin, collecting 379 valid samples (comprising 226 grain maize and 153 sweet maize). From this dataset, we identified high yield and high N use efficiency (HH) maize farmers, and pinpointed key agronomic practices contributing to superior environmental and economic performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sweet maize had higher environmental impacts (N losses, global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication potential (EP), and acidification potential (AP)), but also higher economic benefits (net profit and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB)) than grain maize. Within the grain maize production system, the HH group reduced indicators of environmental impacts by 15.2 % - 18.2 %, and increased the net profit and NEEB by 35.1 % and 52.5 %, respectively, compared to the LL group (low yield and low N use efficiency). Similarly, in the sweet maize production system, the HH group reduced the indicators of environmental impacts by 22.7 % - 56.2 %, and increased the net profit, NEEB by 23.7 % and 36.5 %, respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Key agronomic practices associated with improved performance in grain maize included adopting long-growth-period varieties (&gt;153 days), reducing the N input (199 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), increasing the planting density (8.2 ×10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; plants ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), and increasing the proportion of straw return, can reduce environmental impacts while enhancing sustainability. For sweet maize, less N input (243 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), higher planting density (7.9 ×10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; plants ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), reducing K fertilizer input, and reducing the irrigation frequency can achieve similar effects.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Optimizing agronomic practices based on HH group can simultaneously reduce environmental impacts and improve economic benefits in maize systems. This approach demonstrates the potential for integrating productivity and sustainability goals in smallholder-dominated agriculture, particularly within intensification and water-sensitive production contexts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Significance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study offers practical guidance for improving the sustainability of smallholder maize systems under both environmental and econo","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110124"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing water management in water-saving and drought-resistant rice cultivation reduces methane emissions with enhanced net economic benefits","authors":"Keda Jin ,&nbsp;Yuting Yang ,&nbsp;Kaifu Song ,&nbsp;Jing Ma ,&nbsp;Yujiao Dong ,&nbsp;Zhenke Zhu ,&nbsp;Tida Ge ,&nbsp;Shihua Lv ,&nbsp;Guangbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Rice fields feed half of the world's population as well as account for about half of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from croplands, particularly methane (CH₄). Choosing new rice varieties and irrigation modes might reduce GHG emissions without compromising production.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Herein, we aimed to investigate the potential of integrating water management optimization (WMO) with water-saving and drought-resistant rice (WDR) varieties to mitigate GHG emissions while maintaining productivity and economic viability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-year field experiment in Southwest China evaluated three water management strategies - continuous flooding (CF), natural rainfall (NR), and WMO - applied to conventional rice (Chuanxiang 8108) and three WDR cultivars (Hanyou 73, Hanyou 727, and Hanyou 704).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The NR modes reduced CH₄ emissions by 66.2 %-71.1 % and global warming potential (GWP) by 64.9 %-70.6 % compared to CF but decreased yields by 11.5 %-21.5 %. In contrast, WMO achieved comparable yields to CF while reducing CH₄ emissions by 53.5 %-61.4 % and GWP by 53.1 %-60.8 %. WDR varieties further enhanced GHG mitigation: Hanyou 73 under WMO (WMO73) reduced CH₄ emissions by 13.7 %-21.6 % and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions by 28.6 %-45.8 % relative to conventional rice (WMO8108), due to its well-developed deep root system, which enhances nitrogen uptake efficiency and promotes rhizosphere oxidation. Economic analysis demonstrated that WMO73 achieved the highest net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB, 420.5 CNY·ha⁻¹) by increasing yield, reducing GWP costs, and minimizing irrigation inputs, outperforming CF and NR modes (both negative NEEB).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight that integrating WMO with high-performance WDR cultivars, such as Hanyou 73, effectively balances emission reduction, yield stability, and economic returns.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This approach offers a scalable solution for sustainable rice production in water-scarce regions, aligning with global climate goals without compromising food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High yield stability and susceptibility to stripe rust associate with large yield gaps in rainfed winter wheat","authors":"Nicolas Giordano ,&nbsp;Victor O. Sadras ,&nbsp;Mary J. Guttieri ,&nbsp;Trevor J. Hefley ,&nbsp;Jorge A. Romero Soler ,&nbsp;Clark Neely ,&nbsp;Jeffrey T. Edwards ,&nbsp;Amanda de Oliveira Silva ,&nbsp;Allan K. Fritz ,&nbsp;Romulo P. Lollato","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110118","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Narrowing yield gaps, that is the difference between water-limited yield potential and actual yield, is critical for food security. Phenotypic plasticity of grain yield and resistance to stripe rust (&lt;em&gt;Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici)&lt;/em&gt; have been analyzed independently, but their combined contribution to yield gaps in wheat &lt;em&gt;(Triticum aestivum L.)&lt;/em&gt; is uncertain.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Hypotheses&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study tested three hypotheses. First, yield gap increases with decreasing yield plasticity, &lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt; there is a tradeoff between yield stability and yield gap. Second, resistant phenotypes have smaller yield gaps under conditions favoring stripe rust development. Third, under conditions that do not favor disease development or in protected crops, yield differences between resistant and susceptible cultivars to stripe rust depend on whether resistance involves metabolic costs. By exploring these hypotheses, we aim to understand trade-offs and synergies between stripe rust resistance and yield phenotypic plasticity under varying management and environment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Data on grain yield and stripe rust ratings were obtained from a factorial experiment in 21 location-years in the southern Great Plains of the United States (US) where we compared 20–55 cultivars under two management intensities: standard grower practices where crops received enough N for a yield goal of 4 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and no fungicide, and higher inputs including an additional 45 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, one fungicide application at jointing and a second at heading. We estimated cultivar-specific yield phenotypic plasticity (&lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, the inverse of yield stability) as the ratio between the yield variance of a given genotype and the total yield variance for the pooled data. Water-limited yield potential was estimated using quantile regression, and used to derive yield gaps.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cultivars with high yield phenotypic plasticity (less stable yield) had narrower yield gaps in environments with high water-limited yield potential. Combining the addition of N and fungicide with cultivars with high yield plasticity narrowed yield gaps regardless of environmental potential. Under conditions favorable for disease development, stripe rust resistance narrowed yield gaps, particularly where disease chemical control was absent or ineffective. The null yield difference between stripe rust resistant and susceptible phenotypes when protected with foliar fungicides reflects lack of significant cost of disease resistance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Both yield stability and stripe rust susceptibility increased the magnitude of yield gaps in winter wheat regardless of the environment’s yield potential and conditions conducive to stripe rust development.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the absence of disease, stripe rust resistance does not have a yield penalty, sugges","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing nitrogen management cooperates yield stability and environmental nitrogen balance from the perspective of continuous straw incorporation","authors":"Zhengyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xuelian Wang ,&nbsp;Anran Long ,&nbsp;Xinjie Ji ,&nbsp;Dechen Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiangwei Gong ,&nbsp;Hua Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The rational allocation of straw and nitrogen (N) fertilizer resources is a crucial strategy for enhancing grain yield and addressing global food security.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>To determine the yield stability and environmental impacts of long-term straw incorporation and N management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An eight-year field experiment was conducted in Northeast China to compare varying N levels (0, 112, 187, 262, and 337 kg ha⁻¹) under rotary-till and plough-till combined straw turnovers (RTS and PTS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Yield and its stability, dry matter accumulation, N uptake, and apparent N balance (ANB) increased with increasing N levels up to 262 kg ha⁻¹, but the related N use efficiency declined due to N application. The optimal thresholds for N application were 172–254 and 147–200 kg ha⁻¹ under RTS and PTS, respectively, which provided 93.0 %–99.9 % and 92.2 %–97.5 % of the maximum production potential while facilitating soil N sequestration and ANB. Additionally, PTS outperformed RTS in grain yield (3.5 %), sustainable index of yield (8.2 %), dry matter accumulation (6.5 %), N uptake (4.7 %), and N uptake efficiency (1.9 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Straw incorporation with an optimal N threshold (172–200 kg N ha⁻¹) is advantageous for achieving long-term stable production and reducing the environmental impact on maize farmland.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study highlights the importance of regulating N fertilizer regulation in the context of straw amendment and proposes an optimal threshold for N application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizobacteria shaped by long-term fertilization and wheat nutritional requirements improve grain yield and soil multifunctionality","authors":"Taobing Yu ,&nbsp;Xintian Jie ,&nbsp;Yige Lei ,&nbsp;Bangwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Huadong Zang ,&nbsp;Zhaohai Zeng ,&nbsp;Yadong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microbial communities shaped by agricultural practices and plant nutritional requirements are critical for crop adaptability and productivity. Therefore, elucidating how soil microbial communities respond to these factors under different nutrient conditions is important for crop growth, soil multifunctionality (SMF) enhancement, and management optimization for sustainable agriculture development. We investigated the effects of soil properties, enzyme activities, microbial composition and functional genes on wheat grain yield and SMF with a 9-year fertilization and irrigation experiment. Results showed that wheat grain yield in NPK fertilizers (C) and manure (M) was 112.1 %-204.1 % and 83.4 %-185.8 % higher than that in no fertilizer (CK), respectively. M had higher microbial diversity, network complexity, enzyme activity and SMF than C and CK. Furthermore, fertilization regimes interacted with wheat nutritional requirements to enriched key bacterial species (e.g., <em>Streptomycetaceae</em>, <em>Rhizobiaceae</em>, <em>Xanthomonadaceae</em>, and <em>Sphingobacteriaceae</em>) and functional genes (e.g., carbon degradation, denitrification, nitrification, phosphorus transport, and organic phosphorus mineralization), which positively affected wheat grain yield and SMF. Interestingly, irrigation did not significantly affect rhizosphere microbial composition and function, wheat grain yield, and SMF, but enhanced stability of wheat grain yield in C and M. In conclusion, our results suggest the potentials of interactions between agricultural practices (fertilization and irrigation) and crop nutritional requirements in maintaining yield sustainability and SMF within intensive wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of soil management strategies on maize and soybean yields in northeast China: A meta-analysis","authors":"Wenyu Liang,&nbsp;Ming Gao,&nbsp;Naiwen Zhang,&nbsp;Xu Chen,&nbsp;Xinchun Lu,&nbsp;Jun Yan,&nbsp;Xiaozeng Han,&nbsp;Yuanchen Zhu,&nbsp;Wenxiu Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil management strategies are crucial for optimizing crop yields and sustaining soil health. However, regional heterogeneity influences their effectiveness. To address this issue, developing region-specific soil management strategies is essential to ensuring future food security. As a solution, a regional machine learning aided meta-analysis was performed to assess the influence of soil management practices, climatic conditions, and soil characteristics on crop yield, and to predict the region-specific applicability of various soil management strategies across Northeast China (NEC). A meta-analysis of 1104 observations from 105 field trials showed that soil management practices increased yield by 36.9 %. Combined chemical and organic fertilization led to the highest yield increase, at 42.2 %, followed by organic fertilization at 41.1 % and chemical fertilization at 28.7 %. No tillage increased yield by only 2.2 %, while rotation tillage and subsoiling raised yields by 17.1 % and 18.8 %, respectively. Rotation tillage emerged as the most effective practice, while subsoiling provided even higher yield benefits in certain localized areas. Additionally, both crop monocropping and crop rotation significantly improved yield. Random forest analysis showed that agricultural management was the main driver of yield variation, contributing 38.47 %, followed by soil properties at 33.87 % and climate factors at 27.26 %. Structural equation modeling indicated that yield gains were mainly driven by increased soil organic carbon. Temperature, precipitation, and clay content also affected regional responses. This study underscores the importance of adapting soil management practices to the environmental conditions of NEC to achieve sustainable yield improvements. The proposed region-specific strategies may also inform agricultural planning in other areas facing similar constraints, thereby contributing to broader agricultural sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water management for arsenic mitigation in the second crop of ratoon rice","authors":"Desheng Yang ,&nbsp;Qiyuan Tang ,&nbsp;Jianliang Huang ,&nbsp;Shaobing Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Ratoon crop (RC) exhibits a strong arsenic (As) uptake capacity, but the accumulation characteristic and related mitigation strategies remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Identify the decisive growth period for As accumulation of RC and provide irrigation recommendations for reducing As concentration in RC grains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Field experiments were conducted in Central China in 2020 and 2021. The entire growth duration of RC was split into three short-term stages according to date of initial heading (IH), full heading (FH), and maturity (MR). Two irrigation methods (flooded and rainfed) were established during each short growing period. A total of eight water treatment combinations were used in this field experiment with a randomized block design. As concentrations in various organs were measured at different periods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across water treatments, the As concentration in RC grains ranged from 51.2 to 88.0 µg kg⁻¹ and from 131.8 to 176.5 µg kg⁻¹ in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Non-flooded conditions and cooler temperature during grain filling were associated with reduced grain As concentration. The highest As accumulation occurred from the harvest of main crop (HM) to IH, followed by the IH-FH period. These two growth periods contributed 45.0 % and 34.9 % of final As accumulation during the ratoon season, respectively. Reduced irrigation significantly suppressed As accumulation of RC (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Segmented field drainage implemented during the HM-IH and IH-FH periods reduced the As concentration in RC grains by 18.1 % and 21.4 %, respectively, in comparison with continuous flooding treatment. Moreover, the As concentration in roots was much higher than that in aboveground organs, indicating that As sequestration in roots was an important mechanism to reduce As accumulation in RC grains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RC plants primarily accumulated As during the growth stage between the harvest of main crop and full heading of RC. Appropriate water drainage practices were shown to effectively reduce As accumulation in RC grains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early drought stress triggers contrasting trait responses in spring barley","authors":"Veronic Töpfer ,&nbsp;Andrea Matros ,&nbsp;Jens Keilwagen ,&nbsp;Rod J. Snowdon ,&nbsp;Andreas Stahl ,&nbsp;Gwendolin Wehner","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Drought stress tolerance in plants, a complex trait influenced by various factors, poses significant challenges for breeding. Increasingly frequent droughts during early plant development emphasize the need to understand how traits interact under stress conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>This study aims to investigate traits of interest for early drought stress tolerance and the relationship of physiological and yield-related traits in spring barley.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A diverse set of barley genotypes were grown under greenhouse and field conditions using a rainout-shelter for two years. Drought stress was applied at the third leaf stage with soil water capacity set at 20 %, while the control group was watered until 50 %. Traits such as stomatal conductance, proline content, and yield (here grain biomass) were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed high genotypic variation in traits like plant biomass, water use efficiency, and grain biomass under early drought stress. Notably, proline content was negatively correlated with grain biomass (r = -0.66). Plant height had the highest heritability (h² = 0.96), and both plant height and grains per ear had strong correlations between greenhouse and field conditions (r = 0.78 and r = 0.84).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early drought tolerant genotypes were identified by their fast adaptation to re-watering through high water use, while sensitive genotypes were characterized by elevated proline content.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Understanding the response and relationship between physiological and yield-related traits is crucial for selecting barley lines with improved early drought tolerance for breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out of sight, out of mind: Night-temperature impact on major field crops","authors":"Román A. Serrago ,&nbsp;Víctor D. Giménez ,&nbsp;Guillermo A. García ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Miralles ,&nbsp;Gustavo A. Slafer ,&nbsp;Ignacio A. Ciampitti","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent decades have highlighted the impact of climate change on field crops around the globe, with drought and extreme heat as the main drivers. However, a consistent and continuous increase in night temperature has been documented over time, but with very little attention and research on its impact on the yield of major field crops. This opinion paper presents the current state of the art on this topic, highlights the lack of research, identifies some potential causes, and draws attention to the need for future investment to fill the knowledge gap on this topic. Securing future productivity gains for major field crops will depend on more targeted crop improvement and agronomic management to enhance crop resilience to multiple stresses, including night temperature as a relevant stress that is usually overlooked (out of sight, out of mind!).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}