Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献_第6页

How to assess breast cancer risk in menopausal patients being treated with menopausal hormone therapy? 如何评估接受绝经期激素治疗的绝经期患者患乳腺癌的风险？

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2545937

Serge Rozenberg, Chloé Taelman, Jean Vandromme, Julie Piral, Aurélie Joris

引用次数: 0

Thyroid function and its association with vitamin deficiencies: a case-control study in Duhok. 甲状腺功能及其与维生素缺乏的关系：杜胡克的一项病例对照研究。

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2469686

Larsa Naji Adam, Awat Mustafa Abbas

{"title":"Thyroid function and its association with vitamin deficiencies: a case-control study in Duhok.","authors":"Larsa Naji Adam, Awat Mustafa Abbas","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2469686","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2469686","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypothyroidism, characterized by insufficient thyroid hormone production, is a common endocrine disorder with significant health implications. Recent studies suggest that micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in vitamin D, vitamin B12, and ferritin, may contribute to thyroid dysfunction. This study aims to explore the relationship between hypothyroidism and these micronutrient deficiencies in a clinical setting.Research design and methods: A case-control study was conducted between September and December 2024 at Public Central Health Lab., Duhok Azadi teaching Hospital, Iraq. A total of 885 participants were included, with 170 hypothyroid patients and 715 healthy controls. Serum levels of TSH, T3, T4, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and ferritin were measured. Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the associations between thyroid function and micronutrient status.Results: Hypothyroid patients had significantly higher TSH (9.4 ± 11.5 vs. 1.8 ± 0.8 mIU/L, p < 0.0001) and lower T4 (116.1 ± 28.6 vs. 129.2 ± 27.4 nmol/L, p < 0.0001) compared to controls. Vitamin B12 and ferritin levels were also lower in the hypothyroid group (p < 0.0001), while vitamin D showed no significant difference (p = 0.0524).Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is associated with vitamin B12 and ferritin deficiencies, highlighting the importance of micronutrient in thyroid dysfunction management. Future studies should explore autoantibodies.Clinical trial registration: http://duhokhealth.org/en/identifier/is/25092024-8-11.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"615-621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in the genetics of Paget's disease of bone: from pathophysiology, diagnosis to clinical implications. 骨佩吉特病的遗传学进展：从病理生理学、诊断到临床意义。

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2564667

Laëtitia Michou, Jacques P Brown

{"title":"Advances in the genetics of Paget's disease of bone: from pathophysiology, diagnosis to clinical implications.","authors":"Laëtitia Michou, Jacques P Brown","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2564667","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2564667","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Paget's Disease of Bone (PDB) is a chronic, late-onset skeletal disorder characterized by highly localized regions of increased bone resorption, accompanied by excessive and abnormal new bone formation. Consequently, PDB serves as a crucial model for elucidating the genetic and molecular mechanisms governing both abnormal osteoclast formation and osteoclast-induced osteoblast/osteocyte activities.Areas covered: This narrative review based on the available indexed literature examines the genetics of PDB and its connections with the pathophysiology of the disease, focusing on interactions with bone cells, environmental factors, clinical presentation, and complications.Expert opinion: PDB research highlights the importance of genetic studies, and the need for further research especially in families not linked to SQSTM1 pathogenic variants. Enhancing education for health care professionals is critical, given PDB's rarity and its exclusion from medical curricula, which leads to diagnostic delays and mismanagement. Further exploration of gene-environmental interactions and the role of bone cells in lesion formation remains a priority. Advances in precision medicine may soon allow genetic testing to predict the risk of PDB using polygenic risk scores, leading to targeted prevention strategies. Future treatments may involve SQSTM1 gene inhibitors, such as siRNA, offering a personalized approach to early prevention and management of PDB.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"513-526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is metformin effective and safe during pregnancy in women with PCOS? An overview of reviews. 二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征孕妇有效且安全吗？综述综述。

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2574334

Stefano Palomba, Giuseppe Seminara, Flavia Costanzi, Maria Angela Sculli, Eugenio Alessi, Donatella Caserta, Antonio Aversa

{"title":"Is metformin effective and safe during pregnancy in women with PCOS? An overview of reviews.","authors":"Stefano Palomba, Giuseppe Seminara, Flavia Costanzi, Maria Angela Sculli, Eugenio Alessi, Donatella Caserta, Antonio Aversa","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2574334","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2574334","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Metformin is a metabolic drug widely used in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is effective for improving metabolic pattern and fertility, alone or combined with other treatments. Sparse data suggest that its administration before and during pregnancy may be also effective for reducing the PCOS-related pregnancy complications.Areas covered: Maternal, neonatal and offspring efficacy and safety of metformin administration in pregnant patients with PCOS.Expert opinion: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in March 2025 in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases using specific keywords related to metformin and PCOS. The search covered all articles published up to March 2025. Clinical evidence supports the efficacy of metformin in reducing the risk of preterm birth and pregnancy-induced hypertension in PCOS, but benefits for miscarriage or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention are unclear. Notably, there is a lack of high-quality data on metformin as treatment for GDM or type 2 DM in PCOS pregnancies. Methodological differences and heterogeneous patient profiles limit clinical adoption. The use of metformin as strategy for preventing pregnancy complications in women with PCOS remains inconsistent due to limited consensus and concerns about long-term offspring safety.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"527-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of erectile dysfunction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India: a meta-analysis. 印度2型糖尿病患者勃起功能障碍患病率：一项荟萃分析

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2469635

Rishabh Kumar Rana, Rajan Kumar Barnwal, Anuvi Sinha, Ratnesh Sinha

{"title":"Prevalence of erectile dysfunction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Rishabh Kumar Rana, Rajan Kumar Barnwal, Anuvi Sinha, Ratnesh Sinha","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2469635","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2469635","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. DM patients develop both macrovascular and microvascular complications, erectile dysfunction (ED) being one of them. The risk of developing ED in DM patients as compared to those without DM is 3-4 times. Our study has reported the burden of ED in DM patients.Methods: Literature search was done by using PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies published from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013 by using terms such as diabetes, erectile dysfunction, and their synonyms. Pooled prevalence was calculated by using random effect model and Der Simonian-Laird method. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal scale for cross-sectional studies was used for assessing the study quality.Results: Five hundred and sixty-seven studies were identified, out of which 10 studies were selected. The prevalence of ED in Type 2 DM patients in India was estimated 60.57% (95% CI: 48.84-72.30%).Conclusion: Prevalence of ED in DM patients is high in India. Stigma, stress, and phobia related to ED needs to be addressed. Screening, awareness, early diagnosis, and management for ED and DM will help in improving morbidity and mortality of the nation.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"607-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth hormone deficiency in Cushing's syndrome: an update on diagnosis and management. 生长激素缺乏症在库欣综合征：诊断和管理的最新进展。

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2559673

Nicholas A Tritos

{"title":"Growth hormone deficiency in Cushing's syndrome: an update on diagnosis and management.","authors":"Nicholas A Tritos","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2559673","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2559673","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Patients in remission may experience many comorbidities, including growth hormone deficiency (GHD).Areas covered: Electronic searches (PubMed) were conducted through July 2025. The published data largely pertain to patients with Cushing's disease (CS caused by a pituitary tumor). This article reviews the epidemiology of GHD in patients with CS in remission, underlying mechanisms, and clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of GHD is discussed along with data on the effectiveness and safety of growth hormone replacement.Expert opinion: GHD is common in patients with active CS and may persist among patients in remission. In children, decreased linear growth is prevalent. In adults in remission, GHD has been associated with a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic burden (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease), decreased muscle strength, lower bone mineral density and increased prevalence of fractures. The diagnosis of GHD generally requires stimulation testing and should only be undertaken in patients in remission. In children with CS in remission, growth hormone replacement improves adult height. In adults, growth hormone replacement may improve quality of life, bone mineral density, muscle strength and dyslipidemia but requires careful monitoring for the possible development of hyperglycemia.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"475-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145052540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth hormone treatment in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome: an update. 生长激素治疗成人普瑞德-威利综合征：最新进展。

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2571215

Graziano Grugni, Alessandro Sartorio

{"title":"Growth hormone treatment in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome: an update.","authors":"Graziano Grugni, Alessandro Sartorio","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2571215","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2571215","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare disorder caused by the lack of expression of paternal genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13. The clinical picture of PWS is characterized by neonatal hypotonia, hyperphagia, obesity, altered body composition, cognitive impairment, behavioral disturbances, short stature, and multiple endocrinopathies, including growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I axis dysfunction.Areas covered: This narrative review addresses the current state-of-the-art of recombinant human GH therapy (rhGHT) in adults with PWS, focusing on its effects on body composition, muscle strength and exercise capacity, cardiovascular and respiratory function, endocrine and metabolic parameters, bone health, and psychological aspects.Expert opinion: Available data demonstrated the positive effects of rhGHT on the body composition of GH-treated subjects. This observation is significant, as improving body composition has been shown to increase muscle strength and exercise tolerance. Overall, rhGHT appears to improve both cardiorespiratory function and psychological outcomes. However, most of the studies are uncontrolled and short-term. Therefore, longitudinal trials evaluating the long-term effects of rhGHT are recommended to confirm these findings. Since the beneficial effects of rhGHT appear to be independent of the presence of GH deficiency, we believe that its approval should be considered in adults with genetically confirmed PWS without testing for GH secretion.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"553-564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145376524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addition of sitagliptin to ongoing metformin improved metabolic profile and pancreatic function via normalizing inflammatory cytokines' levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. 在一项随机双盲临床试验中，西格列汀加入正在进行的二甲双胍，通过使2型糖尿病患者的炎症细胞因子水平正常化，改善了代谢谱和胰腺功能。

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2539252

Habib Yaribeygi, Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Ali Rashidy-Pour, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Majid Foroutan, Atousa Najmaldin, Mohammad Amin Hemmati, Nafiseh Memaripanah

{"title":"Addition of sitagliptin to ongoing metformin improved metabolic profile and pancreatic function via normalizing inflammatory cytokines' levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, a randomized double-blinded clinical trial.","authors":"Habib Yaribeygi, Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Ali Rashidy-Pour, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Majid Foroutan, Atousa Najmaldin, Mohammad Amin Hemmati, Nafiseh Memaripanah","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2539252","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2539252","url":null,"abstract":"Background: DPP-4 inhibitors have anti-diabetic effects in T2DM, but their impact on pancreatic function and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sitagliptin on pancreatic function and glucose regulation, focusing on the roles of IL-18, IL-1, and IL-6 in T2DM patients.Research design and methods: A 12-week clinical trial included 60 T2DM patients, randomly assigned to receive either metformin (2000 mg/day) or sitagliptin + metformin (100 mg and 2000 mg/day, respectively). Metabolic indices (fasting blood sugar [FBS], hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], triglycerides [TG], cholesterol [Chol]), biochemical parameters, and vitamin D3 levels were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and insulin levels were also evaluated.Results: Sitagliptin + metformin group showed a greater reduction in FBS (p = 0.005), blood sugar (p = 0.011), and improvements in cholesterol (p = 0.001), TG-G index (p = 0.017), and pancreatic efficiency (p = 0.003) compared to metformin alone. Reductions in IL-1, IL-6, and IL-18 levels were observed (p = 0.00). Sitagliptin significantly reduced IL-1 levels (p = 0.034) compared to metformin alone. No significant changes were seen in HbA1c or vitamin D3.Conclusion: Sitagliptin plus metformin improved pancreatic function, glucose homeostasis, and reduced IL-1, IL-6, and IL-18 levels in T2DM patients with inadequate glycemic control on metformin alone, offering cardiovascular benefits (Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.irct.ir/trial/44061).","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"20 6","pages":"623-631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serum asprosin and its association with bone mineral density, oxidative stress, and osteoprotegerin levels in Pakistani women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. 巴基斯坦绝经后骨质疏松症妇女血清asprosin及其与骨密度、氧化应激和骨保护素水平的关系

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2510595

Sampana Fatima, Muhammad Abrar, Adeela Shahid, Hira Moin, Sadaf Majeed

{"title":"Serum asprosin and its association with bone mineral density, oxidative stress, and osteoprotegerin levels in Pakistani women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.","authors":"Sampana Fatima, Muhammad Abrar, Adeela Shahid, Hira Moin, Sadaf Majeed","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2510595","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2510595","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Raised asprosin may be related to the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aimed to determine the role of asprosin in oxidative stress in postmenopausal osteoporosis and its relation with estrogen, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and bone mineral density (BMD).Methods: A case-control study included 80 women, aged 42-65, presenting at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Informed consent was taken, and single blinding was done. Demographic details and a bone mineral density scan were done. Three ml of venous blood sample was taken to measure asprosin, glutathione (GSH), osteoprotegerin, and estrogen levels.Results: Women with osteoporosis had significantly higher levels of serum asprosin and lower levels of OPG than those without osteoporosis. (p < 0.05) Asprosin was negatively correlated with BMD, OPG, and GSH, and positively with body mass index (p < 0.05). The cutoff value of serum asprosin for screening postmenopausal osteoporosis by area under the curve was > 27.4 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 75% and a 1-specificity of 14%.Conclusion: Higher serum asprosin and oxidative stress biomarkers are related to decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Asprosin may be used as a potential biomarker for early screening of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Small sample size and observational study design were the key limitations of this study.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"427-439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of thyroid function within the normal range with glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 diabetes. 1型糖尿病患者正常范围内甲状腺功能与血糖控制及心血管危险因素的关系

IF 2.9

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2532560

Mariana Lourenço, Ana Rita Leite, Patrícia Ferreira, Inês Meira, João Menino, Ana Margarida Lopes, Joana Lagoa, Beatriz Viveiros, Maria João Barbosa, Sílvia Santos Monteiro, Joana Queirós, João Sérgio Neves, Celestino Neves

{"title":"Association of thyroid function within the normal range with glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Mariana Lourenço, Ana Rita Leite, Patrícia Ferreira, Inês Meira, João Menino, Ana Margarida Lopes, Joana Lagoa, Beatriz Viveiros, Maria João Barbosa, Sílvia Santos Monteiro, Joana Queirós, João Sérgio Neves, Celestino Neves","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2532560","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2532560","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid hormone (TH) variations, even within the normal range, influence cardiometabolic health. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), optimizing glycemic control and cardiovascular risk is crucial to prevent complications. We aim to explore the association of TH within normal range with cardiometabolic profile in T1D.Research design and methods: Cross-sectional analysis including adult patients with T1D followed at our Endocrinology Department between 2022-2024. We excluded patients with TSH or fT4 outside the reference range. Associations between TH (TSH, fT4, fT3 and fT3/fT4 ratio) and glycemic, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic parameters, were evaluated using linear regression models unadjusted and adjusted for relevant variables. Restricted cubic splines between TH and glycemic control parameters were performed to assess non-linear associations.Results: We included 296 patients (median age 35 years, 42.6% female). Patients with mid-range TSH had better glycemic control, with higher time in range and a lower time above range. Waist circumference and body mass index were negatively associated with fT4, and positively with fT3 and fT3/fT4 ratio. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively associated with TSH and fT4, and positively with fT3 and fT3/fT4.Conclusions: Variations in TH within the normal range were associated with glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in T1D.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"415-425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0