Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献_第10页

Obesity and diabetes: the final frontier. 肥胖和糖尿病:最后的前沿。

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2168643

Marc S Rendell

{"title":"Obesity and diabetes: the final frontier.","authors":"Marc S Rendell","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2168643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2023.2168643","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obesity is a key target in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and independently to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. We reviewed the options now available and anticipated to deal with obesity.Areas covered: We considered the epidemiology, genetics, and causation of obesity and the relationship to diabetes, and the dietary, pharmaceutical, and surgical management of the condition. The literature search covered both popular media via Google Search and the academic literature as indexed on PubMed with search terms including obesity, childhood obesity, adipocytes, insulin resistance, mechanisms of satiety, bariatric surgery, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors.Expert opinion: Although bariatric surgery has been the primary approach to treating obese individuals, the emergence of agents impacting the brain satiety centers now promises effective, non-invasive treatment of obesity for individuals with and without diabetes. The GLP-1 receptor agonists have assumed the primary role in treating obesity with significant weight loss. Long-term results with semaglutide and tirzepatide are now approaching the success seen with bariatric surgery. Future agents combining the benefits of satiety control and thermogenesis to dissipate caloric excess are under investigation.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10772305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Non-thionamide antithyroid drug options in Graves' hyperthyroidism. Graves甲亢的非硫胺类抗甲状腺药物选择。

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2167709

Aliya Ruslan, Onyebuchi E Okosieme

{"title":"Non-thionamide antithyroid drug options in Graves' hyperthyroidism.","authors":"Aliya Ruslan, Onyebuchi E Okosieme","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2167709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2023.2167709","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The thionamide anti-thyroid drugs namely carbimazole, methimazole, and propylthiouracil, have been the predominant therapy modality for Graves' hyperthyroidism for over 60 years. Although these agents have proven efficacy and favorable side-effect profiles, non-thionamide alternatives are occasionally indicated in patients who are intolerant or unresponsive to thionamides alone. This review examines the available non-thionamide drug options for the control of Graves' hyperthyroidism and summarizes their clinical utility, efficacy, and limitations.Areas covered: We reviewed existing literature on mechanisms, therapeutic utility, and side-effect profiles of non-thionamide anti-thyroid drugs. Established non-thionamide agents act on various phases of the synthesis, release, and metabolism of thyroid hormones and comprise historical agents such as iodine compounds and potassium perchlorate as well as drug repurposing candidates like lithium, glucocorticoids, beta-blockers, and cholestyramine. Novel experimental agents in development target key players in Graves' disease pathogenesis including B-cell depletors (Rituximab), CD40 blockers (Iscalimab), TSH-receptor antagonists, blocking antibodies, and immune-modifying peptides.Expert opinion: Non-thionamide anti-thyroid drugs are useful alternatives in Graves' hyperthyroidism and more clinical trials are needed to establish their safety and long-term efficacy in hyperthyroidism control. Ultimately, the promise for a cure will lie in novel approaches that target the well-established immunopathogenesis of Graves' disease.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10772811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Resistance of neuroendocrine tumours to somatostatin analogs. 神经内分泌肿瘤对生长抑素类似物的耐药性。

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2166488

Anna Angelousi, Anna Koumarianou, Eleftherios Chatzellis, Gregory Kaltsas

{"title":"Resistance of neuroendocrine tumours to somatostatin analogs.","authors":"Anna Angelousi, Anna Koumarianou, Eleftherios Chatzellis, Gregory Kaltsas","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2166488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2023.2166488","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A common feature shared by most neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is the expression on their surface of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) that are essential for their pathophysiological regulation, diagnosis, and management. The first-generation synthetic somatostatin analogs (SSAs), octreotide and lanreotide, constitute the cornerstone of treatment for growth hormone secreting pituitary adenomas and functioning, progressive functioning, and non-functioning gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP-NETs). SSAs exert their mechanism of action through binding to the SSTRs; however, their therapeutic response is frequently attenuated or diminished by the development of resistance. The phenomenon of resistance is complex implicating the presence of additional epigenetic and genetic mechanisms.Areas covered: We aim to analyze the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms of resistance to SSA treatment. We also summarize recent clinical data related to the development of resistance on conventional and non-conventional modes of administration of the first-generation SSAs and the second-generation SSA pasireotide. We explore mechanisms used to counteract the resistance to SSAs using higher doses or more frequent mode of administration of SSAs and/or combination treatments.Expert opinion: There is considerable heterogeneity in the development of resistance to SSAs that is tumor-specific necessitating the delineation of the underlying pathophysiological processes to further expand their therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10704014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the etiology and treatment patterns of thyrotoxicosis in Africa. 非洲甲状腺毒症的病因和治疗模式的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2136165

Taoreed Adegoke Azeez, Ayodeji Ogunremi Lamidi, Isaiah Olanrewaju Osin

引用次数: 0

Facial features of lysosomal storage disorders. 溶酶体贮积症的面部特征。

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2144229

Andrea D'Souza, Emory Ryan, Ellen Sidransky

{"title":"Facial features of lysosomal storage disorders.","authors":"Andrea D'Souza, Emory Ryan, Ellen Sidransky","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2022.2144229","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2022.2144229","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The use of facial recognition technology has diversified the diagnostic toolbelt for clinicians and researchers for the accurate diagnoses of patients with rare and challenging disorders. Specific identifiers in patient images can be grouped using artificial intelligence to allow the recognition of diseases and syndromes with similar features. Lysosomal storage disorders are rare, and some have prominent and unique features that may be used to train the accuracy of facial recognition software algorithms. Noteworthy features of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) include facial features such as prominent brows, wide noses, thickened lips, mouth, and chin, resulting in coarse and rounded facial features.Areas covered: We evaluated and report the prevalence of facial phenotypes in patients with different LSDs, noting two current examples when artificial intelligence strategies have been utilized to identify distinctive facies.Expert opinion: Specific LSDs, including Gaucher disease, Mucolipidosis IV and Fabry disease have recently been distinguished using facial recognition software. Additional lysosomal disorders LSDs lysosomal storage disorders with unique and distinguishable facial features also merit evaluation using this technology. These tools may ultimately aid in the identification of specific LSDs and shorten the diagnostic odyssey for patients with these rare and under-recognized disorders.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9817214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10557322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surgery as a first-line option for prolactinomas. 手术作为治疗催乳素瘤的一线选择。

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2131531

Adam Mamelak

{"title":"Surgery as a first-line option for prolactinomas.","authors":"Adam Mamelak","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2022.2131531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2022.2131531","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Treatment of prolactinomas with dopamine agonists has been the established first-line treatment option for many years, with surgery reserved for refractory cases or medication intolerance. This approach may not be the best option in many cases.Areas covered: Review of the epidemiology, biology, and treatment options available for prolactinomas, including best available data on outcomes, costs, and morbidities for each therapy. These data are then used to propose a 'surgery-first' treatment approach for a subset of prolactinomas as an alternative to primary medical management.Expert opinion: Based on the available data, there is a strong rationale that transsphenoidal surgery should be considered a first-line treatment option for both micro- and macro-prolactinomas that do not demonstrate high grade cavernous sinus invasion on MRI imaging, with dopamine agonists administered as a secondary therapy for tumors not in remission following surgery, and for giant tumors. This 'surgery-first' approach assumes the availability of skilled and experienced pituitary surgeons to ensure optimal outcomes. This approach should result in high cure rates and reduced DA requirements for patients not cured from initial surgery. Further, it will reduce medical costs over a patient's lifetime and the chronic morbidities associated with protracted dopamine agonist usage.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10478239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A current perspective of pituitary adenoma MRI characteristics: a review. 垂体腺瘤MRI特征研究进展综述。

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2144230

Mark Gruppetta

{"title":"A current perspective of pituitary adenoma MRI characteristics: a review.","authors":"Mark Gruppetta","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2022.2144230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2022.2144230","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: MR imaging is an essential and fundamental tool in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with pituitary adenomas (PAs). Recent advances have continued to enhance the usefulness of this imaging modality.Areas covered: This article focuses on signal intensity patterns of PAs and associated clinical characteristics, vertical extension patterns, and cavernous sinus invasion with a special focus on the clinical implications that arise. A search using Medline and Google Scholar was conducted using different combinations of relevant keywords, giving preference to recent publications.Expert opinion: A higher proportion of GH-secreting PAs are hypointense on T2 weighted images compared to other tumor subtypes. Hypointense tumors are generally smaller compared to hyperintense ones, and among the GH-secreting subgroup, a better response to somatostatin analogue treatment was noted together with an association for a densely granulated pattern. Nonfunctional PAs show a predilection to extend upwards while GH-secreting PAs and prolactinomas show a predominantly inferior extension growth pattern. Further studies to better understand the mechanisms responsible for this behavior are anticipated. Further development, refining and validation of predictive scoring systems for tumor behavior might be useful adjuncts in the management of patients with PAs.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10474213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The metabolic role of prolactin: systematic review, meta-analysis and preclinical considerations. 催乳素的代谢作用:系统综述、荟萃分析和临床前考虑。

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2144829

Giovanni Corona, Giulia Rastrelli, Paolo Comeglio, Federica Guaraldi, Diego Mazzatenta, Alessandra Sforza, Linda Vignozzi, Mario Maggi

{"title":"The metabolic role of prolactin: systematic review, meta-analysis and preclinical considerations.","authors":"Giovanni Corona, Giulia Rastrelli, Paolo Comeglio, Federica Guaraldi, Diego Mazzatenta, Alessandra Sforza, Linda Vignozzi, Mario Maggi","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2022.2144829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2022.2144829","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hyperprolactinemia has been proven to induce hypogonadism and metabolic derangements in both genders, while the consequences of prolactin (PRL) deficiency have been poorly investigated.Areas covered: To systematically review and analyze data from clinical studies focusing on the metabolic consequences of abnormally high prolactin levels (HPRL) and low prolactin levels (LPRL). In addition, data from preclinical studies about underlying pathophysiological mechanisms were summarized and discussed.Expert opinion: PRL contributes to providing the correct amount of energy to support the mother and the fetus/offspring during pregnancy and lactation, but it also has a homeostatic role. Pathological PRL elevation beyond these physiological conditions, but also its reduction, impairs metabolism and body composition in both genders, increasing the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events. Hence, hypoprolactinemia should be avoided as much as possible during treatment with dopamine agonists for prolactinomas. Patients with hypoprolactinemia, because of endogenous or iatrogenic conditions, deserve, as those with hyperprolactinemia, careful metabolic assessment.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10531637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Further understanding of paternal uniparental disomy in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. 对贝克威思-魏德曼综合征父系单亲畸形的进一步认识。

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2144228

Thomas Eggermann, Dirk Prawitt

{"title":"Further understanding of paternal uniparental disomy in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.","authors":"Thomas Eggermann, Dirk Prawitt","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2022.2144228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2022.2144228","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 (upd(11)pat) accounts for up to 20% of molecularly confirmed Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) cases. It belongs to the BWSp subgroup with the second highest tumor risk, and therefore needs particular awareness in research, diagnostics and clinical management.Areas covered: We overview the contribution of paternal (mosaic) uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 (UPD, upd(11)pat) and mosaic paternal uniparental diploidy in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann features. The review comprises the current knowledge on their formation and their molecular and clinical consequences. Accordingly, the consequences for diagnostic testing and clinical monitoring are compiled.Expert opinion: The necessity to diagnostically identify and thus discriminate genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy, and upd(11)pat becomes obvious, due to the differences in the clinical course, disease prognosis, and treatment. In particular, monitoring of tumor development by liquid biopsy might be a promising option in the future. From the research point of view, it should be addressed why 11p is prone to mitotic recombination and thus also provide to the role of upd(11) as second hit in tumorigenesis.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10474949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Understanding the effect of obesity on papillary thyroid cancer: is there a need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic management? 了解肥胖对甲状腺乳头状癌的影响:是否需要定制诊断和治疗管理?

IF 3.2

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2131529

Antonio Matrone, Alessio Basolo, Ferruccio Santini, Rossella Elisei

{"title":"Understanding the effect of obesity on papillary thyroid cancer: is there a need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic management?","authors":"Antonio Matrone, Alessio Basolo, Ferruccio Santini, Rossella Elisei","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2022.2131529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2022.2131529","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Several studies have focused on the relationship between obesity and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), particularly papillary histotype (PTC). However, the association of obesity with both incidence and aggressiveness of PTC is still incompletely understood.Areas covered: We reviewed the mechanisms underlying the cross talk between obesity and thyroid carcinomas and described the most recent evidence evaluating the effect of obesity on the development of PTC, as well as the impact of excessive body weight on the clinicopathologic features and outcome of this type of cancer.Expert opinion: Available evidence suggests that excessive body weight is linked with a higher risk of getting PTC, while its impact on the aggressiveness of the disease, if present, is still not clear. Therefore, while attention should be paid to discover thyroid cancer in patients with obesity earlier, once diagnosed it should be managed following a conventional workup as in normal weight patients, based on the clinical presentation of the disease and including active surveillance if appropriate, as recommended by referral guidelines.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10464854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1