Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"The outcome of frailty in older people with diabetes as a function of glycaemic control and hypoglycaemic therapy: a review.","authors":"Grace L Keegan,&nbsp;Namita Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Ahmed H Abdelhafiz","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2239907","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2239907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Frailty is an emerging and newly recognized complication of diabetes in older people. However, frailty is not thoroughly investigated in diabetes outcome studies.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This manuscript reviews the effect of glycemic control and hypoglycemic therapy on the incidence of frailty in older people with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Current studies show that both low glycemia and high glycemia are associated with frailty. However, most of the studies, especially low glycemia studies, are cross-sectional or retrospective, suggesting association, rather than causation, of frailty. In addition, frail patients in the low glycemia studies are characterized by lower body weight or lower body mass index (BMI), contrary to those in the high glycemia studies, who are either overweight or obese. This may suggest that frailty has a heterogeneous metabolic spectrum, starting with an anorexic malnourished (AM) phenotype at one end, which is associated with low glycemia and a sarcopenic obese (SO) phenotype on the other end, which is associated with high glycemia. The current little evidence suggests that poor glycemic control increases the risk of frailty, but there is a paucity of evidence to suggest that tight glycemic control would reduce the risk of incident frailty. Metformin is the only well-studied hypoglycemic agent, so far, to have a protective effect against frailty independent of glycemic control in the non-frail older people with diabetes. However, once frailty is developed, the choice of the best hypoglycemic agent for these patients will be affected by the metabolic phenotype of frailty. For example, sodium glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are appropriate in the SO phenotype due to their weight losing properties, while insulin therapy may be considered early in the AM phenotype due to its anabolic and weight gaining benefits. Future studies are still required to further investigate the metabolic effects of frailty on older people with diabetes, determine the most appropriate HbA1c target, and explore the most suitable hypoglycemic agent in each metabolic phenotype of frailty.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"361-375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9920069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome: a study in Bangladeshi adults.","authors":"Nurshad Ali, Mitu Samadder, Firoz Mahmud, Farjana Islam","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2272867","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2272867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between serum liver enzymes and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Bangladeshi adults.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A total of 602 participants (424 males and 178 females) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT and ALP) and other biochemical parameters were measured by standard colorimetric methods. The relationship between liver enzymes and MetS was assessed by multivariable logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the prevalence of MetS was 34.9% among the participants. Of the four liver enzymes, the mean levels of serum ALT and GGT were significantly higher among subjects with MetS than those without MetS (<i>p</i> < 0.01). When liver enzyme levels were categorized into normal and elevated ranges, MetS and its component's prevalence was higher in the elevated group except for ALP. Serum ALT and GGT showed a significant relationship with the maximum components of MetS. According to the logistic regression analysis, elevated levels of ALT and GGT were significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS (<i>p</i> < 0.01 and <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that elevated ALT and GGT levels were independently associated with MetS and its components.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"541-547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49689457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The environmental burden on endocrine neoplasia: a review on the documented impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals.","authors":"Jessica Mangion, Mark Gruppetta","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2268215","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2268215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have gained more importance in the past decade, mostly due to their role in the pathogenesis of disease, especially in carcinogenesis. However, there is limited literature on the environmental burden on some of the less common endocrine neoplasia.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review focuses on both observational and experimental studies linking exposure to EDCs and endocrine neoplasia specifically pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and neuroendocrine tumors. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of English peer-reviewed literature was performed using Medline and Google Scholar, giving preference to recent publications.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Exposure to EDC occurs not only in the household but also at work, whether it is in the office, factory, or farm and during transport from one location to another. Many studies have evaluated the effect of single environmental agents; however, humans are rarely exposed to only one EDC. Different EDCs and different levels of exposure may interact together to provide either a synergistic and/or an antagonistic disruption on human health, and hence a complex mechanism to elucidate. The ultimate adverse effect is difficult to predict, as it is not only influenced by the degree of exposure, but also by genetics, lifestyle, comorbidities, and other stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"513-524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel methods for the treatment of low testosterone.","authors":"Julius Fink,&nbsp;Shigeo Horie","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2197059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2023.2197059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Testosterone replacement therapy is a promising and growing field in modern healthcare. Several novel testosterone preparations aiming at providing an efficient drug without side effects have been developed in recent years. Several oral, nasal, gel, and self-injection preparations are now available, providing a wide variety of options customized to each individual's needs.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We searched Google Scholar for keywords related to the different types of testosterone replacement therapy. This review provides information about the benefits and side effects of the newest testosterone preparations, aiming at giving a summary of the options with regard to testosterone replacement therapy to healthcare professionals.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>As testosterone replacement therapy is increasing in popularity, the development of novel ways of administration minimizing side effects associated with testosterone replacement therapy is growing. Nowadays, hypogonadal patients have several options to treat their conditions and can choose the most beneficial method for their individual condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9397528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designer GLP1 poly-agonist peptides in the management of diabesity.","authors":"Laura Statham,&nbsp;Melina Pelling,&nbsp;Petra Hanson,&nbsp;Ioannis Kyrou,&nbsp;Harpal Randeva,&nbsp;Thomas M Barber","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2204976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2023.2204976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To date, the 21^st Century has witnessed key developments in the management of diabesity (a conflation of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [T2D]), including Glucagon Like Peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonist therapies, and recently the 'designer' GLP1 Poly-agonist Peptides (GLP1PPs).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A PubMed search of published data on the GLP1PP class of therapies was conducted. The gut-brain axis forms complex multi-directional interlinks that include autonomic nervous signaling, components of the gut microbiota (including metabolic by-products and gram-negative cell wall components [e.g. endotoxinaemia]), and incretin hormones that are secreted from the gut in response to the ingestion of nutrients. The development of dual-incretin agonist therapies includes combinations of the GLP1 peptide with Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP), Glucagon (Gcg), Cholecystokinin (CCK), Peptide YY (PYY), and Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 (GLP2). Triple incretin agonist therapies are also under development.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>At the dawn of a new era in the therapeutic management of diabesity, the designer GLP1PP class holds great promise, with each novel combination building on a preexisting palimpsest of clinical data and insights. Future innovations of the GLP1PP class will likely enable medically induced weight loss and glycemic control in diabesity to rival or even out-perform those resulting from bariatric surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9398013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low cholesterol states: clinical implications and management.","authors":"Praneet K Gill,&nbsp;Robert A Hegele","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2204932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2023.2204932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypocholesterolemia results from genetic - both monogenic and polygenic - and non-genetic causes and can sometimes be a source of clinical concern. We review etiologies and sequelae of hypocholesterolemia and therapeutics inspired from genetic hypocholesterolemia.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Monogenic hypocholesterolemia disorders caused by the complete absence of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins (abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia) or an isolated absence of apo B-48 lipoproteinemia (chylomicron retention disease) lead to clinical sequelae. These include gastrointestinal disturbances and severe vitamin deficiencies that affect multiple body systems, i.e. neurological, musculoskeletal, ophthalmological, and hematological. Monogenic hypocholesterolemia disorders with reduced but not absent levels of apo B lipoproteins have a milder clinical presentation and patients are protected against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients with heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia have somewhat increased risk of hepatic disease, while patients with PCSK9 deficiency, ANGPTL3 deficiency, and polygenic hypocholesterolemia typically have anunremarkable clinical presentation.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In patients with severe monogenic hypocholesterolemia, early initiation of high-dose vitamin therapy and a low-fat diet are essential for optimal prognosis. The molecular basis of monogenic hypocholesterolemia has inspired novel therapeutics to help patients with the opposite phenotype - i.e. elevated apo B-containing lipoproteins. In particular, inhibitors of PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 show important clinical impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"241-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9398012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with heart conditions.","authors":"Gulali Aktas,&nbsp;Burcin Meryem Atak Tel,&nbsp;Ramiz Tel,&nbsp;Buse Balci","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2204941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2023.2204941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of cardiac complications, diabetes treatment choices may increase or decrease the rates of cardiac events. In the present review, we comprehensively discussed the treatment options of diabetic subjects with cardiac conditions.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Current evidence related to diabetes treatment in cardiac situations has been reviewed. Clinical trials and meta-analyses on cardiac safety of anti-diabetic medicines are discussed. Treatment choices with proven benefits and those at least without associated increased cardiac risk were drawn from clinical trials; meta-analyses and cardiac safety studies in the recent medical literature were the basis of the suggestions in the present review.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>We can suggest that hypoglycemia and extreme hyperglycemia should be avoided in acute ischemic heart conditions. Certain diabetic treatment options, especially sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, can reduce overall cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure. Therefore, we suggest that physicians should choose SGLT2 inhibitors as the first-line treatment option in diabetic patients with heart failure or those who have a high risk of heart failure development. T2DM increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), and metformin and pioglitazone seem to reduce the risk of AF in diabetic population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"255-265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9399139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current management of diabetes patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Arup Kumar Misra, Gaurav Rangari, Madhavrao C, Sushil Sharma","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2187375","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2187375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) and the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) appear to interact in both directions. There is mounting proof that patients with DM have a worse COVID-19 prognosis than those without it. Pharmacotherapy is also known to affect in view of the possible interplay between drugs and the pathophysiology of the above conditions in a given patient.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its connections with diabetes mellitus. We also analyze the treatment modalities for COVID-19 and diabetes patients. The possible mechanisms of the different medications and their management limitations are also systematically reviewed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>COVID-19 management as well as its knowledge base is changing constantly. The Pharmacotherapy and the choice of drugs also need to be specifically considered in view of the concomitant presence of these conditions in a patient. Anti-diabetic agents must be carefully evaluated in diabetic patients in view of the disease's severity, blood glucose level, appropriate treatment, and other components that could aggravate adverse events. A methodical technique is anticipated to enable the safe and rational use of drug therapy in COVID-19-positive diabetic patients to take.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9075994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant publications in diabetes pharmacotherapy and technology in 2020","authors":"Jennifer N. Clements, Rachel Franks, Diana Isaacs, Kevin Malloy, Lisa T. Meade, Sara (Mandy) Reece, Debra J. Reid, Eileen D. Ward","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2187618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2023.2187618","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The most significant articles on diabetes pharmacotherapy and technology in the peer-reviewed literature from 2020, as determined by a panel of pharmacists with expertise in diabetes care and education, are summarized.Areas covered Members of the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists Pharmacy Community of Interest were selected to review articles published in prominent peer-reviewed journals in 2020 that most impacted diabetes pharmacotherapy and technology. A list of 37 nominated articles were compiled (22 in diabetes pharmacotherapy and 15 in diabetes technology). Based on discussion among the authors, the articles were ranked based on significant contribution, impact, and diversity to diabetes pharmacotherapy and technology. The top 10 highest ranked publications (n=6 for diabetes pharmacotherapy and n=4 in diabetes technology) are summarized in this article.Expert opinion With the significant number of publications in diabetes care and education, it can be challenging and overwhelming to remain current with published literature. This review article may be helpful in identifying key articles in diabetes pharmacotherapy and technology from the year 2020.","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notice of duplicate publication: Significant publications in diabetes pharmacotherapy and technology in 2020.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2195265","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2195265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"18 2","pages":"ii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9264174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}