{"title":"Review of the potential value of treatment targets in obesity management.","authors":"Faisal Almohaileb, Carel W le Roux","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2516522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2025.2516522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Treatment targets can be considered the threshold where treatments generate optimal health outcomes while causing minimal complications. Treatment targets often uses a surrogate measure for the disease process, but are linked with an important outcome of disease management. Unlike chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which have clear treatment targets, obesity management lacks defined therapeutic targets. Insights from other chronic diseases may improve patient outcomes. They guide care, assess therapy response, and reduce complications.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This article explores how treatment targets for diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were developed, drawing on a narrative review of literature from 1950 to 2025 using PubMed and Embase. It examines how similar principles could inform obesity treatment, proposing early hypotheses like BMI ≤ 27 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and WHtR < 0.53 that warrant future validation.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Targets in chronic disease care reduce complications. While not yet validated, BMI ≤ 27 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and WHtR < 0.53 May serve as early anchors for structured obesity treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gut microbiota alterations and their role in the pathophysiology of obesity following bariatric surgery.","authors":"Bas Voermans, Victor Gerdes, Max Nieuwdorp","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2512551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2025.2512551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity is a global epidemic associated with significant health risks, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. Bariatric surgery remains the gold standard for achieving significant and sustained weight loss. This narrative review was created using literature searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Bariatric surgery induces shifts in gut microbiota composition, with changes in alpha and beta diversity and alters microbial phyla, such as Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota, and Verrucomicrobiota. Genera and species belonging to these groups that have been associated with the pathophysiology of obesity are reported altered as well. These microbial changes, particularly after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, are generally linked to cardiometabolic improvements to gut hormone profiles and bile acid metabolism.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>This review focuses on the changes in gut microbiota following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), highlighting longitudinal human studies. Despite conflicting results, some genera, such as <i>Veillonella</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>, show consistent increases post-surgery and may serve as markers of metabolic improvements. The predominance of facultative anaerobes suggests a shift in the gut environment post-surgery. These findings are mainly associations and could be further developed into treatment with the use of next-generation probiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sampana Fatima, Muhammad Abrar, Adeela Shahid, Hira Moin, Sadaf Majeed
{"title":"Serum asprosin and its association with bone mineral density, oxidative stress, and osteoprotegerin levels in Pakistani women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.","authors":"Sampana Fatima, Muhammad Abrar, Adeela Shahid, Hira Moin, Sadaf Majeed","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2510595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2025.2510595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Raised asprosin may be related to the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aimed to determine the role of asprosin in oxidative stress in postmenopausal osteoporosis and its relation with estrogen, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and bone mineral density (BMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study included 80 women, aged 42-65, presenting at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Informed consent was taken, and single blinding was done. Demographic details and a bone mineral density scan were done. Three ml of venous blood sample was taken to measure asprosin, glutathione (GSH), osteoprotegerin, and estrogen levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women with osteoporosis had significantly higher levels of serum asprosin and lower levels of OPG than those without osteoporosis. (<i>p</i> < 0.05) Asprosin was negatively correlated with BMD, OPG, and GSH, and positively with body mass index (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The cutoff value of serum asprosin for screening postmenopausal osteoporosis by area under the curve was > 27.4 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 75% and a 1-specificity of 14%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher serum asprosin and oxidative stress biomarkers are related to decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Asprosin may be used as a potential biomarker for early screening of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Small sample size and observational study design were the key limitations of this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lovely Jain, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Rangaswamy Roopashree, Mandeep Kaur, Manish Srivastava, Amit Barwal, G V Siva Prasad, Pranchal Rajput, Rukshar Syed, Gajendra Sharma, Sunil Kumar, Edward Mawejje, Sakshi Pandey, Manvinder Brar, Ganesh Bushi, Rachana Mehta, Sanjit Sah, Prakasini Satapathy, Shailesh Kumar Samal
{"title":"Regional burden, trends, and future projections of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: insights from the global burden of disease study (1990-2021) and ARIMA forecasting.","authors":"Lovely Jain, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Rangaswamy Roopashree, Mandeep Kaur, Manish Srivastava, Amit Barwal, G V Siva Prasad, Pranchal Rajput, Rukshar Syed, Gajendra Sharma, Sunil Kumar, Edward Mawejje, Sakshi Pandey, Manvinder Brar, Ganesh Bushi, Rachana Mehta, Sanjit Sah, Prakasini Satapathy, Shailesh Kumar Samal","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2502620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2025.2502620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to Type 2Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an increasing health burden in South Asia. This study evaluates the burden, trends, and future projections of CKD from 1990-2021 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data and ARIMA modeling.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We analyzed age-standardized rates (ASR) for prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs of CKD due to T2DM in South Asia(India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal). Join point regression and ARIMAmodels were applied for trend analysis and projections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, prevalence decreased slightly (e.g. India: 5.4% to 5.2%), while mortality increased (e.g.Pakistan: 33.7 to 42.1 per 100,000). Incidence increased across all countries, with Nepal (1.3% increase) and Bhutan (1.7% increase) showing the highest growth. Projections indicate a continued rise in CKD burden, especially inNepal and India.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CKD due to T2DM is increasing, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashraf I Ahmed, Mohannad Natheef AbuHaweeleh, Aya Abdelhamid, Yazan Al-Dali, Hissa Al-Suwaidi, Yousef Khaled, Tawanda Chivese, Laiche Djouhri
{"title":"Hyperglycemia is associated with poorer cognitive performance in a cohort of middle-aged people in Qatar: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ashraf I Ahmed, Mohannad Natheef AbuHaweeleh, Aya Abdelhamid, Yazan Al-Dali, Hissa Al-Suwaidi, Yousef Khaled, Tawanda Chivese, Laiche Djouhri","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2473407","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2473407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence in Qatar is among the highest worldwide. DM has been shown to be associated with reduced performance on numerous domains of cognitive function in elderly population. Here, we sought to determine whether such association also exists in a middle-aged cohort.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 981 participants aged 40-65 years from the Qatar Biobank. We analyzed glycemic indices: HbA1c, serum glucose, insulin levels, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Cognitive function was assessed using two domains of CANTAB: the paired episodic memory (visual memory) and reaction time (motor and mental speed).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant associations between DM and cognitive impairment. Poor reaction speed was linked to DM (beta 36.80, <i>P</i> < 0.01), higher HbA1c levels (beta 10.73, <i>P</i> < 0.05), larger waist circumference (beta 1.70, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and higher waist-to-hip ratio (beta 252.56, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). Poor memory performance was also associated with increased waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The negative association between DM, its biomarkers, and cognitive impairment reported previously in elderly populations also exists in middle-aged individuals. Further research is needed to explore the causality and impact of dysglycemia on other cognitive domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"211-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Iughetti, Anna Insalaco, Barbara Predieri, Laura Lucaccioni
{"title":"Long-acting growth hormone in the treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency.","authors":"Lorenzo Iughetti, Anna Insalaco, Barbara Predieri, Laura Lucaccioni","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2486067","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2486067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The introduction of long-acting formulations in recent years is changing the landscape of growth hormone (GH) therapy. Daily recombinant human GH (rhGH) has been the treatment of choice for children and adults with GH deficiency (GHD), since its approval in 1985. However, decreasing adherence to treatment over time has been identified as a cause of the decline in rhGH efficacy, leading to significant efforts to develop long-acting rhGH (LAGH) formulations.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A comprehensive analysis of the literature was conducted to evaluate their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety profile, and administration route. The review focuses on the LAGH approved from both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of pediatric growth hormone deficiency (PGHD): Lonapegsomatropin, Somatrogon and Somapacitan. We aim to facilitate evidence-based clinical decisions by analyzing the available data on the three LAGH formulations.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Even if current evidence suggests a non-inferiority of all the three LAGH formulations when compared to daily rhGH, long-term concerns persist regarding the non-physiological GH profile associated with LAGH, characterized by weekly instead of daily peaks. Further research and real-life studies are required to better define the long-term efficacy of these formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"169-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serkan Kuccukturk, Sebnem Yosunkaya, Mehmet Ali Karaselek, Sennur Demirel, Hasibe Vural
{"title":"A case-control study on SH2B1 gene variants in obesity and obstructive sleep apnea severity: genetic risk factors in the leptin signaling pathway.","authors":"Serkan Kuccukturk, Sebnem Yosunkaya, Mehmet Ali Karaselek, Sennur Demirel, Hasibe Vural","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2478068","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2478068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, frequently observed in obese individuals, with shared mechanisms involving leptin and its receptor, which regulate appetite and energy expenditure. SH2B1 is a key enhancer of signaling in the leptin receptor pathway. This study aimed to investigate the association between SH2B1 variants and OSA.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This case-control study included 160 male patients with OSA and 76 healthy controls, stratified into subgroups based on BMI (≤25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Polysomnography and anthropometric measurements were performed, and genotyping of three SH2B1 variants (rs7498665, rs4788102, and rs7359397) was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mutant genotypes of all three SH2B1 variants were significantly associated with higher BMI. Additionally, normal genotypes of rs4788102 and rs7359397 were associated with higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values, indicating a potential risk for OSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that while SH2B1 variants are strongly associated with BMI, specific normal genotypes may independently contribute to OSA risk by increasing AHI values.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shilia Jacob Kurian, Ruby Benson, Murali Munisamy, Kavitha Saravu, Gabriel Sunil Rodrigues, Sunil Krishna M, Vijayanarayana Kunhikatta, Sonal Sekhar Miraj
{"title":"Plasma vitamin D status and its association with biochemical, clinical and humanistic outcomes in diabetic foot infection patients: a prospective observational study in a tertiary healthcare facility.","authors":"Shilia Jacob Kurian, Ruby Benson, Murali Munisamy, Kavitha Saravu, Gabriel Sunil Rodrigues, Sunil Krishna M, Vijayanarayana Kunhikatta, Sonal Sekhar Miraj","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2480374","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2480374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to determine the association of vitamin D3 status with biochemical, clinical, and quality of life (QoL) in diabetic foot infection (DFI) patients.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A longitudinal study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Baseline biochemical (glycemic, renal, plasma vitamin D3), clinical, and QoL data of the DFI patients were collected. Patients were followed up with over the telephone for four months to assess clinical outcomes (healed/not healed). A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-nine DFI patients were enrolled, with a median age of 55 years and a male predominance (89.9%). A significant association between vitamin D3 levels and clinical outcome was not observed (<i>p =</i> 0.66). A moderate correlation was observed with the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (<i>r</i> = 0.24, <i>p = 0.02</i>). Regarding QoL, emotions (domain) were significantly associated with vitamin D3 levels (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The subgroup analysis showed that vitamin D3 supplements did not affect the clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The plasma vitamin D3 levels and vitamin D3 supplements do not significantly affect the biochemical, clinical, and humanistic outcomes, indicating vitamin D3 did not have a positive effect on DFI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Possible attenuation of gout risk by SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients using thiazide and loop diuretics.","authors":"Kannan Sridharan","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2480695","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2480695","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"249-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying-Ju Liao, Chao-Yi Chen, Hsien-Te Lin, Dee Pei, Yao-Jen Liang
{"title":"The application of 3D printing technology in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: an integrated strategy for glycemic control and wound care.","authors":"Ying-Ju Liao, Chao-Yi Chen, Hsien-Te Lin, Dee Pei, Yao-Jen Liang","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2467658","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2467658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a severe complication of diabetes, often leading to amputation. Hyperglycemia induced nerve and vascular damage significantly increases DFU risk. The advent of 3D printing technology presents a revolutionary concurrently address glycemic control and wound management, potentially improving patient adherence and offering a more holistic treatment strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article reviews current oral antidiabetic medications and explores the potential of innovative 3D printing technology to develop extended release tablets in two distinct release profiles. Additionally, it investigates the application of this technology in creating novel wound dressing solutions aimed at facilitating DFU healing. .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The integration of 3D printing technology enables the production of customized, extended-release oral medications that optimize glycemic control while minimizing fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Furthermore, 3D-printed wound dressings demonstrate promising potentialfor enhancing wound healing by providing personalized structural support and controlled drug delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multidisciplinary approach that integrates advanced wound care and diabetes management is crucial to address the escalating challenges posed by DFUs. Leveraging3D printing technology to develop sustained-release medications and innovative wound dressingsmay significantly improve DFU outcomes and improve the quality of life for individuals with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"201-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}