LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends最新文献

{"title":"Nonselection and Constellation: the Principles of Acentricism in Prose by Dubravka Ugrešić, Olga Tokarchuk, and Oksana Zabuzhko (in the novels «Museum of Unconditional Surrender» by Dubravka Ugrešić, «Flights» by Olga Tokarchuk, and «Museum of Abandoned Secrets» by Oksana Zabuzhko","authors":"Kateryna Butska","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2023.21.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2023.21.3","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is the artistic embodiment of the postmodern principles of constellation (Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno) and nonselection (Douwe Fokkema) in the works of prose by Slavic writers. The novels by Croatian, Polish, and Ukrainian authors — Dubravka Ugrešić’s “Museum of Unconditional Surrender”, Olga Tokarchuk’s “Flights”, and Oksana Zabuzhko’s “Museum of Abandoned Secrets” — are analyzed within comparative approach. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that it is the first attempt to compare samples of Ukrainian, Polish, and Croatian literature in the light of the embodiment of postmodern principles of constellation and nonselection in them. The study revealed a number of formal features inherent in all three novels selected for the analysis, i.e. fragmented composition, narrative heterogeneity, multiple plotlines, and intertwining of chronotopes. At the level of content, acentric tendencies define the common for all three works emphasis on the search for meaning-making connections between random elements, attention to trifles and details as elements of the constellation structure. The motif of crossing and disappearing borders, which is realized in a specific way in the novels by Olga Tokarchuk and Dubravka Ugrešić, is eloquently acentric. The motif of crossing and disappearing borders, which is expressed in particular ways in the novels by Olga Tokarchuk and Dubravka Ugrešić, is eloquently centric. All of the works selected for analysis are distinguished by their thematic inclusiveness, which manifests itself in the actualization of the marginal, imperfect, and irrelevant: rubbish, garbage, trifles, “mistakes and dead ends of creation,” “things no one needs.” A striking manifestation of nonselection is the philosophical interpretation of rubbish presented in a postmodernist tone in the novels “Museum of Abandoned Secrets” by Oksana Zabuzhko and “Museum of Unconditional Surrender” by Dubravka Ugrešić. While Oksana Zabuzhko perceives rubbish as a trace of a person’s private life, Dubravka Ugrešić sees it as a symbol of a bygone era and a vanished country, Yugoslavia. Highlighting specific features in the realization of the universal principles of postmodernism in the works of related literatures emphasizes the peculiarity and historical background of each of them. The evidence of common philosophical tendencies and similar motifs in the analysed novels gives grounds to speak of the existence of structural and typological ties between Ukrainian, Polish and Croatian literature.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130757066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COORDINATES OF KYIV TOPOS IN THE NOVEL “TWINS” BY TARAS SHEVCHENKO: FEATURES OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF BEING","authors":"D. Boklakh","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2019.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2019.148","url":null,"abstract":"У статті досліджено просторовий континуум топосу Києва повісті «Близнецы» Т. Шевченка крізь локуси міської дійсності. Домінантним розкриттям специфіки топосу стає ретроспективна динаміка відтворення атрибутики міста. Розглянуто цивілізаційні й природні локуси у проекції місць урбаністичного простору буття героїв. Визначено, що архітектура, вулиці, атрибути міського світу, місця природи суттєво впливають на свідоме та позасвідоме начала людини в зображенні топосу Києва. Урбаністичний простір буття героїв спроектовано в ракурсах дії, пам’яті, інтуїтивного пізнання реалій міста. Просторовий континуум топосу розглянуто крізь антропологічний модус. Через психологічні, соціоісторичні, культурологічні регістри сприйняття героями міської географії схарактеризовано їхній внутрішній світ. Досліджено аксіологічний простір предметного світу міста. З’ясовано проблематику, наративну специфіку відтворення топосу Києва.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131021295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THREE MEN'S NOVELS ABOUT THE REVOLUTION OF DIGNITY: POETICS AND MYTHOLOGY OF THE MAIDAN","authors":"R. Kozlov","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2021.17.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2021.17.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines three novels about the Revolution of Dignity, written by men and published in 2015: “Fiery Winter” by Andriy Kokotyukha, “Maidan Semester” by Kyryl Halushko, “2014” by Vladyslav Ivchenko. Among other works on this subject, they are already partially characterized by critics and scholars. This article focuses on the mythologized geo-image of the Maidan, which is a source of metaphorical meanings and ultimately reveals itself in the archetypes of Chaos / Harmony / Order and Own / Stranger. This study is one of the stages in the study of the strategy of forming collective memory in Ukrainian novels about Euromaidan and was partially tested in the form of a report at the conference. The key results were achieved through a combination of the concept of artistic understanding of the myth by Northrop Fry and aspects of artistic myth-making by Elena Bondareva, which made it possible to identify the main areas of study of the key for all three plots geo-image. The place of the Maidan topos in the structure of the plots is traced, in particular its first appearance. It is concluded that the authors rely on the positive mythology present in the mind of the reader, developing its semantics in accordance with the attitude of the characters to the events of the Revolution of Dignity. The potential of binary oppositions is traced in this. It is established that a larger number and variety of characters allow the author to develop the metaphorical semantics of the Maidan mythology (V. Ivchenko), while the limited system of characters (A. Kokotyukha) preserves the semantic potential of the Maidan topos, reduces it to retransmission of already formed families. K. Halushko takes a different approach, allowing his character to change his views as a result of participating in revolutionary events. Further analysis showed that the undeveloped metaphorization of the Maidan topos does not allow A. Kokotyukha to engage in appropriate archetypes to deepen the semantics of the work as a whole. Instead, the other two authors, despite their different ways of constructing the plot, succeeded. As a result, an assumption was made about the further artistic understanding of the theme of the Revolution of Dignity and the potential of the relevant artistic strategies. The proposed approach requires further testing on a larger array of works.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121674045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"READER IN UNDISCENCE: PROCESS OF RECENT CREATIVITY\u0000IN THE CONTEXT OF THEORY OF POSSIBLE WORLD","authors":"T. Grebenyuk","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2019.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2019.134","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights a schоlarly discоursе оn thе prоblеm оf rеcеptivе indеtеrminacy in thе prоcеss\u0000оf crеatiоn and rеcеptiоn оf a litеrary wоrk. The main fоcus оf attеntiоn is development\u0000оf thе cоntеmpоrary viеw on rеadеr’s hеsitatiоns in thе prоcеss оf an artistic wоrk rеcеptiоn. This viеw\u0000is еstimatеd as crеativе dеvеlоpmеnt оf thеоriеs by R. Ingardеn and V. Izеr. Rеcеptivе indеtеrminacy\u0000is analysеd in thе cоntеxt оf pоssiblе-wоrld thеоry, dеvеlоpеd and adjustеd tо thе litеrary studiеs\u0000nееds by Lubоmir Dоlеzеl, Umbеrtо Еcо, David Hеrman, Manfrеd Jahn, Mariе-Laurе Ryan and оthеrs.\u0000David Hеrman оffеrs a tеrm “hypоthеtical fоcalizatiоn” mеaning thе articulatiоn оf pоssiblе mоdеs\u0000оf pеrcеptiоn, narrativе hеsitatiоns, and indеtеrminacy abоut thе wоrld as a whоlе. Thе schоlar\u0000idеntifiеs twо typеs оf hypоthеtical fоcalizatiоn: 1) dirеct, implicitly indicating a hypоthеtical witnеss\u0000оr spеctatоr; and 2) indirеct, dеmanding frоm an intеrprеtеr his/hеr оwn cоnclusiоns abоut fоcalizatоr\u0000activity оf a hiddеn spеctatоr. It is pоssiblе duе tо indеtеrminacy markеrs (“it lооkеd likе…”) оr duе\u0000tо cоnditiоnal vеrbs. But bоrdеrs bеtwееn Hеrman’s dirеct and indirеct fоcalizatiоns arе vеry unclеar.\u0000Jеnеtta Vardzеlashvily in hеr cоncеptiоn оf lingvо-cоgnitivе analysis оf a litеrary tеxt substantiatеs\u0000nоtiоn оf “nanо-sеnsеs” — small еlеmеnts оf sеnsеs chargеd by high еnеrgеtic and stоrеd in оur\u0000uncоnsciоusnеss. During rеadеr’s pеrcеptiоn оf a tеxt thеsе еlеmеnts influеncе оur cоnsciоus prоcеssеs.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"319 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134235686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL UNIVERSALITY OF MEMORY AND OBLIVION CATEGORIES IN LITERATURE","authors":"V. Bren","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2019.1311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2019.1311","url":null,"abstract":"This research is devoted to the concepts of memory and oblivion in terms of the universality\u0000of these categories for literature, and their interdisciplinary in history, culturology, and sociology.\u0000The theoretical basis for analysis in the artistic text is shown on the example of Ukrainian and foreign\u0000researchers, specified and illustrated manifestations in the Ukrainian novels by Y. Andrukhovych,\u0000O. Zabuzhko, S. Zhadan, O. Irvanetz, etc. Literature is the centre of individual and national cultural\u0000memory and a means of creating of it. However, it becomes a platform for social discourse of memory,\u0000as well as the preservation of individual memory as a genetic key in the text. Consequently, modern\u0000literary studies require a well-balanced approach and analysis of the ways, means, methods, and\u0000forms of its functioning in contemporary art. Such approach will enable an understanding of the past\u0000experience, as well as assessments of contemporary imprints of events in the future, on a qualitatively\u0000new level.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128177890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literary Time Travel Devices in the Epic Novel «The Dark Tower» by Stephen King","authors":"A. Trofymenko","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2023.21.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2023.21.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the literary time travel devices in the epic novel “The Dark Tower” by Stephen King, as an element of revealing the theme of apocalypse. Literary time travel devices and their use in the work are analysed, and parallels are drawn between the main motive of the work, the destruction of the world, and the temporal forms implemented in the work. In the horror genre, the Gothic chronotope underwent transformative and mutational changes, leaving behind only the generalized meaning of a certain continuum and the importance of the separation the space of the unfolding of the story from the general literary world of the work, in order to create a conditional vacuum. of Since its inception, the horror genre has been constantly undergoing transformations under the influence of the era in which it is changing. According to J. F. Lyotard, the transition from modernism to postmodernism begins at the end of the 50s of the 20th century, asserting that there is a reorientation in human consciousness from materialism to informatization. Postmodernism creates in the worldview of a person an orientation associated with such units as anxiety, irrationality and powerlessness. This is primarily related to the loss of faith in the urgent values of the era of modernism, the idea of reason, progress, and the emancipation of the individual. In horror literature, there is a modification phenomenon of merging two genres from different types of literature, in particular horror and fantasy. The hyperreality, that we outline, is a symbiotic metagenre technique that develops by combining elements of the horror genre and the dark fantasy metagenre. For example, most of S. King’s works have common citations, mentions of characters, events, locations, mentions, etc., as an element of creating a general “superchronotope” of the author’s literary world, thus creating for the reader a massive literary world as close as possible to the real one, but with idiosyncratic, genre elements. In this way, the motif of relentless apocalypse develops in the canvas of S. King’s works, which is most powerfully concentrated in the epic novel “The Dark Tower”. The results of this research may in the future constitute a component of intelligence on mass literature.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129171380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CONSTRUCT OF PRAYER IN MODELING THE IDENTITY OF THE CHARACTER (MODIFICATIONS IN THE PROSE OF O. ZABUZHKO, Y. IZDRYK, S. ZHADAN)","authors":"A. Kravchenko","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2022.19.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2022.19.7","url":null,"abstract":"Prayer as a literary genre is of some interest in the context of analyzing the work of Ukrainian writers, because as a text of religious discourse, it contains elements of the sacred, so its construction often hides key values, aspirations, and transcendental hopes of the character, which allow exploring its identity.\u0000\u0000In this article we analyze the place of prayer in the text and constructing the identity of the character in the works of Oksana Zabuzhko («Fieldwork in Ukrainian Sex», «The Museum of Abandoned Secrets»), Yuri Izdryk («Wozzeck», «Double Leon»), Serhiy Zhadan («Depeche Mode», «Voroshilovgrad»), because each of them during addressing to the same genre offers formally different ways of presenting prayer in the text, and fills it with different semantic meanings and functions.\u0000\u0000The prayers presented in O. Zabuzhko’s texts are reflections-reflections of rhetorical upward direction, which demonstrate the values ​​and moral attitudes of one or another character. Izdryk refers to prayer primarily as an intertextual game, but due to the peculiarities of the text of the work and the image of the identity of the character, prayer here at the same time acquires certain ideological and philosophical meanings. S. Zhadan uses prayers as a means of deconstructing existing texts (biblical or Soviet), changing their original meaning to demonstrate the current state or process of reformatting the identity of a character (or group of characters).\u0000\u0000The novelty of the article is due to the issue, because prayer is mostly analyzed as a poetic genre in the works of poets, while the article addresses prayer as part of a large structure (novel or story), its place and role in constructing character identities. Practical significance lies in the idea of the study of identity, including religious, through the analysis of religious concepts, which are also independent literary genres.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123492591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVENTION OF TRADITION, REGULARITY OF POSITIVE RECEIVES,\u0000DELL’ARTE CANONICAL CODE REVALUATION.\u0000COMMANDARY TRANSFORMATION OF COMMEDIA CIVILE RUSTICALE\u0000INTO COMMEDIA DELL’ARTE (ITALIAN DRAMATURGY)","authors":"V. Babenko","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2019.1310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2019.1310","url":null,"abstract":"The author of the article studies the peculiarities of comedy dell’arte, regularities of its poetic\u0000techniques. Particular attention is drawn to the style and genre of the dramatic works. The masks\u0000of dell’arte (mainly zan), having gone from the notion of a dual creature that is on the verge\u0000of a funny and terrible, profane and sacred («spirits and ghosts» of the cult of the crops of fertility,\u0000devils of the mysterious action), to the mask types of comedy del arte and further - masks-characters\u0000in the work of Goldoni, at the turn of the 19–20 centuries, turned into a symbol of the ancient theater,\u0000theater-balagan, the theater is extremely conditional and play, emphasizing the concept of «theatrical\u0000theater» in art. Mask dell’arte as the unity of the actor and the character actually ceased to exist,\u0000but it was in the traditions of this theater and its characters found inspiration for directors, poets, artists\u0000at the turn of the century. The main artistic means of comedy dell’arte are analyzed. The conducted\u0000research shows that the main aesthetic principles of commedia dell’arte are reduced to the aesthetic\u0000system, which contains three essential elements: firstly, the theater is kept by a professional actor,\u0000who completely gives himself to the theater; secondly, the influence of the theater is stronger because\u0000of the synthesis of arts: plastic, music, dance and words; and thirdly, the soul of the performance is\u0000an action. The methods used in the paper are mixed: close reading, historical data processing, analyses\u0000of interdisciplinary resources (literary gerontology, social gerontology, theatre studies). The innovative\u0000solution lies in the application of interdisciplinary approach to close reading of drama texts. The results\u0000can be practical for classes of Italian literature and study of culture, theatre.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"23 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124506305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODIFICATIONS OF THE HORROR GENRE","authors":"Анастасия Ивановна Трофименко","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2022.20.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2022.20.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the history and genre system of the formation of horror literature and highlights its role in the modern era. Examining the origins of the horror genre in literature, one can trace the combination of mysticism, mystery, and mythological imagery, which acquire new features with the flow of literature.\u0000\u0000article briefly reveals the genesis of the horror genre in the cluster of genres of horror literature. The structure of the genetic and typological evolution of the genre of horror literature in literary studies is analysed, and the systematisation of genre-creating elements is also presented. It is proven that horror by its nature belongs to those genres that are realized in literature on the basis of genre memory, which was formed in the modification process of the transition from stylistic reception to the actual genre.\u0000\u0000Horror literature is a complex polysemantic construct, for the interpretation of which, in addition to general scientific methods (descriptive, typological), such methods as hermeneutic, cultural-historical, mythopoetic, psychoanalytic, bibliographic, comparativist, philological, structuralist, and intertextual are used in the article. Such scientific research methods will allow a more detailed description of the functioning structure of both the system of genres as a whole and a separate genre.\u0000\u0000The horror genre was formed in uneven waves. This process can be characterised as a gradual crystallization of the genre structure, taking into account stable stylistic elements. In the course of its genetic and typological apparatus, the horror genre developed its inevitable functions: specific types of chronotopes and mechanisms for the implementation of genre memory.\u0000\u0000The article is supplemented with a concise bibliography of thematic critical literary texts and source materials.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114620840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“FRENCH LETTERS” BY ISMAIL GASPRYNSKIY AS TRAVEL SKETCHES","authors":"Mykola Vaskiv","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2019.1314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2019.1314","url":null,"abstract":"The author of the article, considering poly-genre basis of the “French Letters” by Crimean Tatar\u0000educator, public figure and writer Ismail Gasprynskiy, is focused on the analysis of genologic features\u0000of travel sketches in a text. A hero of the “French Letters”, Molla Abbas, is a protagonist of the author and\u0000represents the author’s own experience in his impressions from western life. In order to keep the reader’s\u0000interest at a high level, the author uses the principles of belle-lettres in descriptive material, and often\u0000uses such artistic technique as defamiliarization. The “French Letters” is a first book of travel sketches,\u0000in which the Turk Muslim’s view to a Christian-atheist Europe, especially France, is presented. A constant\u0000desire to compare the living conditions of the “native” East and civilized West as a need to separate\u0000among “alien” those things, which I. Gasprynskiy considers as absolutely necessary ones to introduce\u0000in motherland, is pointed out. First of all, it is an extensive system of education and researches, powerful\u0000industrial and financial development, social protection, competitive judicial system, wide participation\u0000of women in public life etc. In turn, the rationalistic West is opposed to the high moral values of Islam\u0000and the justice of the relationship between Muslims. Molla Abbas (and therefore I. Gasprynskiy) comes\u0000to the conclusion that the most promising way of development of Turk peoples and whole","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121270354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}