European Journal of Soil Biology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of heavy metal pollution on soil microorganisms: Influence of soil physicochemical properties. A systematic review","authors":"Claudia Campillo-Cora ,&nbsp;Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo ,&nbsp;Paula Pérez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;David Fernández-Calviño ,&nbsp;Vanesa Santás-Miguel","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines the complex interaction between heavy metals and soil microorganisms, focusing on five common heavy metals (HM) (chromium -Cr-, copper -Cu-, nickel -Ni-, lead -Pb-, and zinc -Zn-) in polluted areas worldwide. The systematic review was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The literature selection procedure involved searching four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed) with a variety of search queries and inclusion and exclusion criteria. As a result of the review, 106 scientific articles that addressed Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and/or Zn effect on soil microorganisms between 2018 and 2022 were identified. Soil microorganisms, crucial for soil functions/functioning, are impacted by heavy metal pollution, affecting essential functions such as nutrient cycling, organic matter cycling, and carbon sequestration. Various microbial properties (microbial activity -including enzymatic activity-, microbial community composition/diversity, microbial biomass/abundance), reflecting heavy metal effects, show diverse microbial responses influenced by both heavy metal pollution and soil properties (soil pH, organic matter content, texture). Although extensive research has been conducted in this field, further studies are needed to better understand the intricate relationship between heavy metal (HM) pollution, soil microbial responses, and soil properties influence. This review explores the most common methodologies and their main challenges and underscores the need for methodologies to specifically assess HM toxicity. Understanding these details is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of HM pollution on soil ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacy effects of grazing and nitrogen fertilization on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Lan Li ,&nbsp;Xiong Zhao He ,&nbsp;Yi Sun ,&nbsp;Tianhao Xiao ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Fujiang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage can help mitigate climate change and sustain soil fertility. Changes in herbivore and anthropogenic nutrient enrichment intensities can lead to dramatic shifts in the plant and microbial communities, soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient dynamics. However, the legacy effects of grazing and N enrichment on the biogeochemical processes remain unclear. Here, we conducted a 6-year rotational grazing (Stocking rates: 0, 8 and 16 sheep ha⁻¹) and 4-year N-addition (N addition levels: 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) experiment to investigate how soil C, N and phosphorus (P) components respond to the legacy effects of grazing and N fertilization after a 3-year cessation of grazing and N addition treatments in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). We show that previous grazing significantly increased soil total nitrogen (STN), slightly increased SOC and decreased soil total phosphorus (STP); while previous N fertilization significantly decreased SOC, but it did not significantly alter STN and STP. Previous grazing at low stocking rates (≤ 8 sheep ha⁻¹) might amplify the negative legacy effects of N fertilization on SOC, while a higher stocking rate would weaken the negative impacts of previous N fertilization on SOC. The interactive and synergistic impacts of historical grazing and N fertilization induced a significantly negative effect on STP. Previous N fertilization decreased soil microbial carbon (MBC) and increased soil available N:P, resulting in the reduction of SOC. The increase in plant diversity caused by previous grazing increased SOC, which counteracted the negative effects of increasing bacterial diversity. Previous grazing-induced decreasing bacterial community heterogeneity may lead to increased STN. Although previous grazing-induced increases in soil moisture and soil nutrient availability may have positive effects on STP, previous grazing-induced negative effects on STP may exceed those positive effects. Therefore, the legacy effects of grazing could be beneficial for improving soil C and N, but may increase the risk of soil P loss in the short term, while residual exogenous N could pose a detrimental effect on C storage over time. Reintroducing grazing and/or P addition may be an appropriate choice to offset the adverse consequence of N deposition in the context of global change. Our findings suggest that the stocking rate at about 8 sheep ha⁻¹ could be a suitable grassland management technique for soil fertility sequestration and mitigating the negative influences of residual exogenous N in the QTP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nitrogen addition and seasonal changes on moss biocrust soil fungal communities in a temperate desert","authors":"Tingwen Huang ,&nbsp;Xi-En Long ,&nbsp;Weiguo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many studies have reported that changes in nitrogen (N) deposition affect the structure and diversity of fungal communities in moss crust soils, but few studies have addressed the seasonal patterns of soil fungal community response to N inputs in desert habitats. Therefore, we conducted a one-time field N addition experiment in March 2017 in the Gurbantünggüt Desert, northwestern China. Four N addition rates, 0 (CK), 1.8 (LN), 3.6 (MN), and 7.2 (HN) g N m⁻² yr⁻¹, were applied, and soil was sampled at different seasons. We found that the effects of N addition on soil fungal communities varied with season, with stronger effects in November and March compared to May. Seasonal variation strongly affected fungal community structure, composition, and function, with the highest diversity index in May. The impact of N addition on fungal communities is attributed to changes in soil pH, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus, while the effect of season on fungal communities is driven by changes in temperature, soil moisture and soil organic carbon. Additionally, season has a greater effect on fungal communities than N addition. Overall, the fungal communities in soils underlying moss crusts responded strongly to seasonal variation, but their response to N addition was seasonally dependent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of soil microbial community structure under litter to changes in precipitation and nitrogen addition in a desert steppe","authors":"Jinpeng Ma ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Danbo Pang ,&nbsp;Yinglong Chen ,&nbsp;Mengyao Wu ,&nbsp;Yaqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenqiang He ,&nbsp;Xuebin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microorganisms are essential in maintaining terrestrial ecosystem function and are central drivers of soil-plant nutrient cycling. However, relatively few studies have explored the impact of precipitation and nitrogen (N) addition on soil microbial community structure beneath litter. In this study, we conducted a field simulation control experiment on litter decomposition under varying precipitation regimes (normal, increased by 30 %, and decreased by 30 %) and N addition levels (0 and 10 g m⁻² y⁻¹) in the desert steppe of Yanchi County, China. Our findings revealed that changes in precipitation and N addition promoted litter decomposition and caused the accumulation of soil nutrients. Specifically, N addition significantly increased nitrate nitrogen (51.95 %), ammonium nitrogen (42.92 %), soil organic carbon (6.81 %), and total phosphorus (7.82 %)(<em>P</em>＜0.05), decreased precipitation significantly elevated contents of nitrate nitrogen (26.80 %), total nitrogen (24.47 %), soil organic carbon (37.62 %), total phosphorus (22.78 %), and microbial biomass C (33.20 %) (<em>P</em>＜0.05). N addition decreased microbial biomarkers content by 1.13 %, but increased microbial diversity indices (<em>Shannon-Wiener</em> index (1.53 %)<em>, Brillouin</em> diversity index (0.54 %)<em>, Pielou</em> evenness index (1.12 %)<em>, Simpson</em> dominance index (0.91 %)<em>, Mcintosh</em> diversity index (1.11 %)) (<em>P</em>＜0.05). Meanwhile, decreased precipitation significantly enhanced microbial biomarkers content by 5.83 % and diversity indices (<em>Shannon-Wiener</em> index (3.67 %)<em>, Brillouin</em> diversity index (2.16 %)<em>, Pielou</em> evenness index (1.55 %)<em>, Simpson</em> dominance index (1.82 %)<em>, Mcintosh</em> diversity index (2.63 %)) (<em>P</em>＜0.05). We indicated the decreased precipitation enhanced the effect of N addition on microbial community and diversity, while increased precipitation showed the opposite trend. Redundancy analysis highlighted MBC as a critical factor influencing microbial community structure, accounting for 35.3 % of the variation (<em>P</em>＜0.01). This study provides valuable insights into managing and conserving desert steppe ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling methane oxidation and N2 fixation under methanogenic conditions in contrasting environments","authors":"Yongliang Mo ,&nbsp;Jiwei Li ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Peng ,&nbsp;Adrian Ho ,&nbsp;Zhongjun Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial methane oxidation under widespread suboxic environment is crucial for understanding methane emission. However, the role of aerobic methanotrophs in mediating methane oxidation and nitrogen fixation is less understood in oxygen-limiting environments. In this study, we identified diazotrophic methanotrophs under oxygen-limited conditions (initial O₂ of 6–8 μM) in two contrasting habitats (paddy soil and marine sediment) using DNA-based stable isotope probing combined with amplicon sequencing. Consistently, we documented significant ¹³CH₄ oxidation and ¹⁵N₂ fixation after 740 days of suboxic isotope labeling. Sequencing analysis revealed the predominance of <em>Methylobacter</em>–affiliated aerobic methanotrophs in the ¹³C-labeled DNA fractions. These <em>Methylobacter</em>-like OTUs accounted for 97.86 % in paddy soil and 99.49 % in marine sediment of the total <em>pmoA</em> gene sequences; while relative abundances for the <em>nifH</em> gene sequences were 91.59 % in paddy soil and 99.49 % in marine sediment. Taken together, our analyses revealed that <em>Methylobacter</em> is responsible for methane oxidation and nitrogen fixation under oxygen limitation in both habitats, demonstrating convergent emergence of this aerobic methanotroph under oxygen deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient supply enhances positive priming of soil organic C under straw amendment and accelerates the incorporation of straw-derived C into organic C pool in paddy soils","authors":"Yuxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengya Lu ,&nbsp;Zhiquan Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Reziwanguli Naimaiti ,&nbsp;Shangyuan Wei ,&nbsp;Xueli Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Straw return accelerates the decomposition of soil organic C (SOC), a phenomenon referred to as the priming effect. However, the interactive influence of nutrient supply levels on priming effect intensity and SOC sequestration in paddy soils still needs to be better understood. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the priming effect and associated changes in phospholipid fatty acids, enzyme activity, and microbial necromass following the addition of ¹³C-labelled rice straw (98 % atom) to soils under three nutrient supply levels during a 300-d incubation period. Our results showed that the addition of straw (5 g C kg⁻¹ soil) with no-nutrient (S + Nu₀), low nutrient (S + Nu_low, 42 mg N kg⁻¹, 10 mg P kg⁻¹), and high nutrient (S + Nu_high, 126 mg N kg⁻¹, 30 mg P kg⁻¹) supply increased total CO₂ production by 42.9 %, 59.0 %, and 97.3 %, respectively, compared to the control soil. After 300 d, the cumulative priming effect was nearly doubled in the S + Nu_low and tripled in the S + Nu_high compared to the S + Nu₀. Moreover, the intensity of priming varied with the incubation stage under nutrient treatments. Similar patterns of priming effect were observed across all straw amendments during the early incubation stages; however, the priming effect increased with the nutrient supply levels in the later stages. These patterns are linked to microbial metabolic limitation and resource acquisition strategies, as evidenced by a lower C-to-N stoichiometry of extracellular enzymes and necromass in the S + Nu_low S + Nu_high. A greater proportion of straw-derived C incorporation into SOC (indicated by higher levels ¹³C-SOC) in nutrient-enriched was found, which largely offset the native SOC losses, resulting in high SOC content by the end of incubation. Our findings highlight the critical role of nutrient supply in regulating the priming effect and the balance of SOC after straw return in paddy soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-depth insights into carbohydrate-active enzyme genes regarding the disparities in soil organic carbon after 12-year rotational cropping system field study","authors":"Hao Wang ,&nbsp;JinPing Chen ,&nbsp;Mingxue Du ,&nbsp;Yihao Ruan ,&nbsp;Jiameng Guo ,&nbsp;Ruixin Shao ,&nbsp;Yongchao Wang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) play a crucial role in plant-derived carbon utilization and decomposition and are influenced by the crop rotation system; however, our knowledge of how different agricultural systems impact CAZyme functionality is still limited. We conducted a metagenomic analysis to evaluate the functional genes of CAZymes in a 12-year in situ farmland with three commonly used crop rotation systems: wheat-maize rotation (WM), wheat-cotton rotation (WC), and wheat-soybean rotation (WS). We aimed to study the impact of long-term use of crop rotation, especially crop rotation involving soybean, on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and to gain an in-depth understanding of the CAZyme genes in context of the disparities in SOC. After 12 years, the SOC content was significantly higher in WS than in WC (5.44 %) and WM (17.6 %). Furthermore, the crop rotation system had a significant effect on the soil microbial communities and CAZyme function genes. Detailly, WS increased the phyla abundance of <em>Proteobacteria</em>, <em>Actinobacteria</em>, and <em>Firmicutes</em> and enriched the glycoside hydrolase (GH) and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) genes; WC increased the abundance of <em>Acidobacteria</em> and <em>Bacteroidota</em> and enriched the polysaccharide lyase gene; WM increased the abundance of <em>Nitrospirae</em>, <em>Candidatus_Rokubacteria</em>, <em>Chloroflexi</em> and <em>Gemmatimonadetes</em> and enriched the gene abundance of glycosyltransferases and auxiliary activity genes. Additionally, <em>Acidobacteria</em>, <em>Proteobacteria</em>, and <em>Actinobacteria</em> are key phyla involved in soil carbon cycling and collectively contribute &gt;70 % of the total CAZyme functional genes, which highlights their importance. In addition, our results indicated that total nitrogen content played a major role in influencing genes related to CAZymes, especially those belonging to the GH family. Our study demonstrates that WS conferred the advantage of increasing SOC across the three crop rotation systems. CAZyme analysis revealed that WS's could potentially support the increased abundance of <em>Proteobacteria</em>, <em>Actinobacteria</em> and <em>Firmicutes</em> in the soil community, at the same time potentially leading to increased number of GH and CBM genes in the soil, which may bolster the decomposition and transformation of plant-derived carbon, thus promoting an increase in SOC content. The findings of this study offer new insights into the microbial factors contributing to SOC enhancement in rotation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of nitrogen mineralization and nitrogen cycling functional genes in response to soil pore size distribution","authors":"Danni Li ,&nbsp;Yi Li ,&nbsp;Shuihong Yao ,&nbsp;Hu Zhou ,&nbsp;Shan Huang ,&nbsp;Xianlong Peng ,&nbsp;Yili Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil pore distribution influences the permeability of gas, water, and solutes, affecting microbial activities such as nitrogen (N) mineralization. Understanding its impact on N mineralization and the subsequent N transformations is essential for managing compacted paddy soils. This study conducted incubation experiments on two paddy soils from typical Chinese rice regions, Northeastern meadow chernozemic Mollisols, and Southern umbric Ferralsols, under three bulk densities (1.0 g cm⁻³, 1.2 g cm⁻³, and 1.4 g cm⁻³) to investigate the effects of soil porosity on N mineralization and N cycling functional genes. Although the cumulative mineralized N showed no significant difference, with increased macropores (&gt;100 μm) and mesopores (30–100 μm), Ferralsols exhibited a significantly higher net N mineralization rate from day 0 to day 7, while Mollisols extended the mineralization after day 21. Soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) had a similar temporal trend to the net N mineralization rate, suggesting DOC was the product of mineralization. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) showed an opposite temporal trend to the net N mineralization rate in Mollisols, suggesting microbial biomass as a key N source for mineralization. Soil pores distribution did not affect nitrification under waterlogged conditions, but it affected <em>nirK</em>, <em>nirS</em> and <em>nosZ</em> genes by altering redox potential and substrates availability in the pore micro-environment. Overall, soil pores over 30 μm were the key pore size ranges affecting the intensity and duration of N mineralization, with different effects on DOC, MBC, and N cycling functional genes in Mollisols and Ferralsols. These findings emphasized the role of pore size in regulating N transformation in waterlogged conditions, contributing to the understanding of the N availability in compacted paddy soils from typical geographic rice-growing regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial resistance and resilience to drought under organic and conventional farming","authors":"Elena Kost ,&nbsp;Dominika Kundel ,&nbsp;Rafaela Feola Conz ,&nbsp;Paul Mäder ,&nbsp;Hans-Martin Krause ,&nbsp;Johan Six ,&nbsp;Jochen Mayer ,&nbsp;Martin Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impacts of climate change, such as drought, can affect soil microbial communities. These communities are crucial for soil functioning and crop production. Organic and conventional cropping systems can promote distinct soil microbiomes and soil organic carbon contents, which might generate different capacities to mitigate drought effects on these cropping systems. A field-scale drought simulation was performed in long-term organically and conventionally managed cropping systems differing in fertilization and pesticide application. The soil microbiome was assessed during and after drought in bulk soil, rhizosphere, and roots of wheat. We found that drought reduced soil respiration and altered microbial community structures, affecting fungi in the bulk soil and rhizosphere more strongly than prokaryotes. Microbial communities associated with crops (i.e. rhizosphere and root) were more strongly influenced by drought compared to bulk soil communities. Drought legacy effects were observed in the bulk soil after harvesting and rewetting. The extent of the structural shifts in the soil microbiome in response to severe drought did not differ significantly between the organic and conventional cropping systems but each cropping system maintained a unique microbiome under drought. All cropping systems showed relative increases in potential plant growth-promoting genera under drought but some genera such as <em>Streptomyces</em>, <em>Rhizophagus, Actinomadura</em>, and <em>Aneurinibacillus</em> showed system-specific drought responses. This agricultural field study indicated that fungal communities might be less resistant to drought than prokaryotic communities in cropping systems and these effects get more pronounced in closer association with plants. Organic fertilization and the associated increase in soil organic carbon, or the reduction in pesticide application might not have the proposed ability to buffer severe drought stress on soil microbial taxonomic diversity. Yet, it remains to be elucidated whether the ability to maintain system-specific soil microbiomes also during drought translates into different functional capabilities to cope with the stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plantation conversion of Eucalyptus promotes soil microbial necromass C accumulation","authors":"Min Wang ,&nbsp;Chang Liao ,&nbsp;Weili Lai ,&nbsp;Songyi Huang ,&nbsp;Shihong Xiao ,&nbsp;Caiqiong Deng ,&nbsp;Xianhua Gan ,&nbsp;Qing Ma ,&nbsp;Mengyun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103691","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stand conversion in subtropical regions has altered soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities, leading to changes in microbially mediated processes, such as microbial necromass C (MNC) formation and accumulation. However, previous studies on the effects of stand conversion on MNC are lacking, leading to gaps in our understanding regarding the influence of long-term stand conversion on MNC accumulation in different soil layers and the relative importance of soil properties for regulating MNC.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this study, we used field surveys and soil analysis to assess the effects of converting a &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; forest into other planted forest (broadleaf mixed forest [BM] and &lt;em&gt;Acacia mangium&lt;/em&gt; × &lt;em&gt;Acacia auriculiformis&lt;/em&gt; forest [AM]) on soil properties, enzyme activity, microbial community composition, and MNC after conversion 20 years in Guangdong, South China.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We found that the content of soil organic C (SOC) in the surface soil (0–10 cm after litter removal) increased by 64.9 % when &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; was converted to AM, whereas there was no significant difference in the subsurface soil (10–20 cm). β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and β-1,4-N-acetaminophen glucosidase (NAG) activity increased significantly, while leucine aminopeptidase (LA) activity decreased significantly in the surface soil. In the subsurface soil, BG activity did not change significantly; nonetheless, acid phosphomonoesterase (AP) activity decreased. The fungal, bacterial, and gram-negative bacterial biomass did not significantly differ among the different forests in the surface soil, but the fungal, bacterial, gram-positive, and gram-negative bacterial biomass decreased significantly in the subsurface soil. The ratio of fungi to bacteria was highest in the BM, whereas the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria was highest in the AM. Soil fungal and microbial necromass C and the ratio of fungal to bacterial necromass C increased significantly in the surface soil when &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; was converted to AM. The contribution of MNC and fungal necromass C to SOC content significantly increased by 22.20 % and 26.23 %, respectively, when &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; was converted to AM. The main controlling factors of MNC accumulation in the surface soil were pH and total N, whereas soil enzyme activity (BG related to C-acquisition) was the dominant determinant of MNC accumulation in the subsurface soil.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our study provides evidence that converting &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; to AM may promote MNC accumulation in the surface soil by changing soil pH and TN content to affect soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure, and ultimately changed MNC accumulation. Therefore, developing effective forest management practices, such as reasonable stand conversion may help to enhance forest SOC accumulation by increasing MNC accumulation.&lt;/d","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}