European Journal of Soil Biology最新文献

{"title":"Testing the impacts of invasive jumping worms at their northern range limit","authors":"Samantha Bennett ,&nbsp;Helen R.P. Phillips ,&nbsp;Anne C. Dalziel ,&nbsp;Lawrence R. Manzer,&nbsp;Erin K. Cameron","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Earthworms can act as ecosystem engineers by altering soil structure, which impacts other organisms and ecosystem functioning. Jumping worms (family Megascolecidae) originating in Asia have been spreading in North America, extending their northern range limits to Ontario, Canada in the last decade and to New Brunswick in 2021. At the northern limits of their current range, little research has been done to examine the effects of jumping worms in these new habitats since their recent establishment. Our objectives were to evaluate: (1) how jumping worms impact soil nitrogen and soil carbon; (2) how their presence impacts the abundance of non-native European earthworms (family Lumbricidae); and (3) whether two sampling methods (i.e., mustard solution and wooden discs) are equally effective at detecting jumping worms. We sampled a residential property in Oromocto, New Brunswick, which was the first location where jumping worms were found in the province. Jumping worms did not have significant impacts on the abundance and biomass of European earthworms or soil carbon content in the top 5 cm of the soil, but they did significantly affect soil nitrogen levels. Both sampling methods were equally effective at detecting the presence of jumping worms. Further research is needed in managed landscapes, urban areas, and forests to determine the ecosystem impacts and invasion dynamics of jumping worms in Canada as this invasion progresses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103590"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1164556323001267/pdfft?md5=ee30952abb986d7c6bc7a30f7dc5587f&pid=1-s2.0-S1164556323001267-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere microbial community changes due to weed-weed competition","authors":"Larissa Cassemiro Pacheco Monteiro ,&nbsp;Sergio Alberto Diaz-Gallo ,&nbsp;Christiano da Conceição de Matos ,&nbsp;Carolina Gonçalves da Silva ,&nbsp;André Marcos Massenssini ,&nbsp;Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes ,&nbsp;Maurício Dutra Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103594","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Many species of weeds are present in agricultural areas, but weeds with greater competitive ability normally become dominant in the field. Rhizosphere soil microbiota can influence weed-weed interactions. However, the role of rhizosphere &lt;/span&gt;soil microorganisms&lt;span&gt; in weed-weed interactions remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the ecological relationships and microbial taxa present in the rhizosphere of weeds in monoculture and coexistence systems. The weed species &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ageratum conyzoides&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ipomoea&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; ramosissima&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bidens &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;pilosa&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; were grown in monoculture and coexistence pairs under greenhouse conditions for 80 days. The ecological relationships between weeds were analyzed by calculating the Relative Interaction Index (RII) based on the total dry mass of the plants. The rhizosphere microbiome&lt;span&gt; was analyzed after extracting the metagenomic DNA from rhizosphere microbial populations, followed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene and ITS region, using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Competitive interactions were observed for all combinations of weed species. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ageratum conyzoides&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; showed the greatest decrease in dry matter production due to competition. Weed-weed competition changed rhizosphere microbial community composition and bacterial diversity. The abundance of different bacterial genera in rhizosphere soil varied according to the treatments. When comparing the competition between &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;A. conyzoides&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;B. pilosa&lt;/em&gt; and their respective monocultures, the abundances of &lt;em&gt;Opitutus&lt;/em&gt;, Diplorickettisiales uncultured and &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bdellovibrio&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; increased in &lt;em&gt;B. pilosa&lt;/em&gt; monoculture. When comparing the competition between &lt;em&gt;A. conyzoides&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;I. ramosissima&lt;/em&gt; and their respective monocultures, the abundance of &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pseudonocardia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; increased while the abundance of &lt;em&gt;Fimbriiglobus&lt;/em&gt; decreased in &lt;em&gt;A. conyzoides&lt;/em&gt; monoculture. Already the abundances of &lt;em&gt;Actinospica&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chitinophaga&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Gemmatirosa&lt;/em&gt;, 1921-2 and &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hymenobacter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; decreased &lt;em&gt;I. ramosissima&lt;/em&gt; monoculture. When comparing the competition between &lt;em&gt;B. pilosa&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;I. ramosissima&lt;/em&gt;, and their respective monocultures, the abundances of &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Flexibacter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and Candidatus Xiphinematobacter decreased &lt;em&gt;I. ramosissima&lt;/em&gt; monoculture. The abundances of &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Clostridium&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Rhodobacter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; increased in competition while the abundance of &lt;em&gt;Pajaroellobacter&lt;/em&gt; increased in &lt;em&gt;B. pilosa&lt;/em&gt; monoculture. The fungal genera that had their abundances significantly altered were &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Scytalidium&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, whose abundance decreased in competition of &lt;em&gt;A. conyzoides&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;B. pilosa&lt;/em&gt; when compared to t","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree species replacement from birch to spruce affects eukaryome in boreal forest soil","authors":"Sunil Mundra ,&nbsp;Dinesh Sanka Loganathachetti ,&nbsp;Håvard Kauserud ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Fiore-Donno ,&nbsp;Tonje Økland ,&nbsp;Jørn-Frode Nordbakken ,&nbsp;O. Janne Kjønaas","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large-scale replacements of native birch with spruce have been carried out in Western Norway for economic reasons. This tree species shift potentially affects biotic components such as the eucaryome, consisting of microscopic animals (Metazoa), protists and fungi, which are key players in the functioning of forest ecosystem. The impact on the belowground eukaryome and its interactions with vegetation and soil properties is not well assessed. We examined the impact of replacing native birch with Norway spruce plantations on the eukaryome of the boreal forest floor in Western Norway using 18S rDNA metabarcoding. The tree species shift from birch to spruce had significant impacts on the eukaryome at both taxonomic (Metazoa) and functional categories (phagotrophs, phototrophs, parasites and osmotrophs). The distinct differences in eukaryome communities were related to changes in understorey vegetation biomass and soil chemistry following the tree species shift. This had a negative effect on eukaryome richness, particularly affecting phagotrophs and parasites, while the opposite was observed for osmotroph richness. Our results indicated that the spruce plantations altered the eukaryome communities and their food-web patterns compared to what was found in the native birch forest soil. This information should be taken into consideration in forest management planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1164556323001292/pdfft?md5=2d40357547353cc3e3398c539429f1ea&pid=1-s2.0-S1164556323001292-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of grassland: A necessary tool to maintain plant and earthworm diversity","authors":"Kevin Hoeffner ,&nbsp;Frédérique Louault ,&nbsp;Lou Lerner ,&nbsp;Guénola Pérès","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In temperate grassland, earthworms contribute to the major soil processes which determine most of the ecosystem services. The characteristics of plant communities in grassland are key factors in maintaining earthworm communities, however effects of different herbage management on earthworms remain largely unknown. In this context, the aim of the present study was to determine the long-term effects of herbage management on grassland plant and earthworm communities. Plants and earthworms were sampled in a 14-years-old experiment in upland grasslands (Massif central, France). Abandoned grasslands were compared with mowed grasslands and with pastures grazed by cattle (at low or high intensities) or grazed by sheep (at low intensity). Compared to abandoned grassland, herbage management by grazing or by mowing display higher leguminous plant<span>, community-weighted mean Ellenberg light values as well as plant richness while they display lower percentage of plant litter<span> and community-weighted mean Ellenberg nitrogen values. The differences in plant richness were associated with a significant change in plant community structure. Compared to the abandoned grassland, herbage management by grazing or mowing significantly display higher earthworm biomass and total richness. Except for pastures grazed by cattle at high intensity, earthworm abundance was at least twice that in the grassland at low grazing intensity or mowing compared to the abandoned grassland. Earthworm communities were significantly different between grazed and mown treatments notably due to changes within </span></span></span><span><em>Aporrectodea</em></span> anecic and endogeic earthworm species. Overall, herbage management by animals or by mechanical export is beneficial for plant and earthworm diversity although no clear differences between management practices for earthworm richness, total biomass or total abundance were observed. Our results highlight that abandonment does not preserve biodiversity (plant, soil macrofauna) while management of grassland by grazing or mowing is a necessary tool for biodiversity conservation and improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations of activity and community structure of nitrite-driven anaerobic methanotrophs in soils between native and invasive species in China's coastal wetlands","authors":"Jiaqi Liu ,&nbsp;Weiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Lidong Shen ,&nbsp;Yanan Bai ,&nbsp;Wangting Yang ,&nbsp;Yuling Yang ,&nbsp;Jiangbing Xu ,&nbsp;Maohui Tian ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Jinghao Jin ,&nbsp;Yuzhi Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrite-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (nitrite-driven AOM), mediated by ‘<em>Candidatus</em> Methylomirabilis oxyfera’ (<em>M. oxyfera</em>)-related bacteria, is a newly-discovered CH₄ consumption process in coastal wetlands. Although <span><em>Spartina</em><em> alterniflora</em></span> invasion significantly affects CH₄ emissions from coastal wetlands, its impact on the nitrite-driven AOM process and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we examined nitrite-driven AOM activity and <em>M. oxyfera</em><span>-related bacterial community in four coastal wetlands along the southeastern coast of China, under invasive </span><em>Spartina alterniflora</em> and native plants, including <span><em>Kandelia candel</em></span>, <span><em>Avicennia marina</em></span> or <span><em>Phragmites australis</em></span>. Linear mixed-effects models indicated that the <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> invasion stimulated the overall nitrite-driven AOM activity by an average of 61.5% in coastal wetlands (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), but had no impact on the <em>M. oxyfera</em>-related bacterial abundance (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). The nitrite-driven AOM activity was 7.1 times higher under <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> than under native species in Yueqing Bay (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and was 34.7%, 8.9% and 15.1% higher under <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> than under native species in Hengsha Island, Jiulong River and Zhanjiang, respectively (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). <em>Spartina alterniflora</em><span> invasion increased the bacterial abundance in Yueqing Bay and Jiulong River Estuary by 6.8 and 7.6 times, respectively, while decreased the abundance by 34.4% and 51.4%, respectively, in Hengsha Island and Zhanjiang (</span><em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). The partial least squares path model indicated an indirect impact of <em>Spartina alterniflora</em><span> invasion on the nitrite-driven AOM activity through its effect on soil properties<span>, primarily including dissolved organic carbon content and nitrate content. The </span></span><em>Spartina alterniflora</em> invasion did not greatly alter <em>M. oxyfera</em>-related bacterial community. Overall, we shed new light on the potential impact of <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> invasion on CH₄ cycling in coastal wetlands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric environmental selection on intraspecific body size in Collembola communities along an elevational gradient in northern Japan","authors":"Takuo Hishi ,&nbsp;Kazushige Uemori ,&nbsp;Naoaki Tashiro ,&nbsp;Takuma Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Body size is a crucial functional trait that influences the environmental filtering processes of animal communities. However, the role of intraspecific variations<span><span> in soil invertebrate communities remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of environmental changes on intraspecific body size variations in </span>Collembola<span> communities along an elevational gradient in northern Japan, using potential body length in the literature cited and realized body length actually measured. Our hypothesis posits that environmental conditions selectively filtered out smaller nymphs while sparing larger adults of Collembola, as stress tolerance, survival and mortality are directly influenced by body size in response to environmental severity. Calculating size quantiles based on observed realized individual body lengths, we found a stable size hierarchy among species across elevational sites. Species composition was significantly related with elevational gradient, with community-weighted means of smaller quantiles in body length increasing at higher elevations, while those of larger quantiles and adult body size remained unaffected. This suggests that environmental filtering predominantly influences the body size of smaller individuals, such as nymphs, but not larger adults within species. Our findings reveal asymmetric size selection among different life stages in soil animal communities.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poultry litter biochar soil amendment affects microbial community structures, promotes phosphorus cycling and growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare)","authors":"Lea Deinert ,&nbsp;Shakhawat Hossen ,&nbsp;Israel Ikoyi ,&nbsp;Witold Kwapinksi ,&nbsp;Matthias Noll ,&nbsp;Achim Schmalenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Phosphorus (P) is a non-replaceable, finite component of fertilizers. The imbalanced resource distribution and possible depletion of P impose challenges on current crop production worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of poultry litter<span> biochar on plant growth and P mobilizing capability of the microbiome<span> in comparison to a mineral fertilizer<span> application. Spring barley (</span></span></span></span><span><em>Hordeum vulgare</em></span>) was grown in microcosms using a P-limited soil, fertilized with 0 (control), 50 (fertilizer) kg P ha⁻¹<span> or a poultry litter biochar amendment (biochar, 2% w/w). Biochar amended rhizospheres had significantly higher phosphonate-utilizing bacteria, </span><em>phoC</em> and <em>phoD</em> gene (acid and alkaline phosphatase) copy numbers and improved P availability. Spring barley dry matter yields were significantly higher for biochar and fertilizer over control; however, P uptake with biochar was higher than with fertilizer. Furthermore, biochar had higher arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and significantly raised soil pH. Fingerprint-analysis showed significant differences between all treatments for bacterial and fungal communities. 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing analysis revealed increased relative abundance of the phyla <em>Actinobacteriota</em> and <span><em>Chloroflexi</em></span><span> in biochar compared to control, potentially contributing to the ameliorated plant growth conditions. Pearson correlations of both phyla was positive with a range of P cycling variables as well as Morgan's P but negative with acid phosphatase activity. FAPROTAX analysis revealed positive correlations of aromatic compound degradation with </span><em>phoC</em> and <em>phoD</em> gene abundance, highlighting a possible link between biodegradation and P release. In conclusion, poultry litter biochar could potentially replace mineral P fertilizer for sustainable plant growth in P depleted soil environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139108735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural flexibility in Lumbricus terrestris burrowing","authors":"Kevin R. Butt ,&nbsp;Visa Nuutinen","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Lumbricus terrestris</em> is an epi-anecic earthworm, normally occupying a 1–2 m deep, vertical burrow. Some observations suggest that population persistence in much shallower burrows could be possible in a mild and humid climate. This was further investigated at an ex-industrial site in NW England, with a topsoil less than 0.15 m deep, above inert subsoil formed from semi-weathered Leblanc waste. <em>L. terrestris</em> were collected from an adjacent woodland soil and introduced into unoccupied areas. After four days, settlement and survival were studied by targeted sampling of half of the individuals, and depth of burrows were measured by resin casting. After 14 months, the second half of inoculated areas were studied and after another four years a further general survey occurred. After four days, 41 % of targeted worms were recovered, with 0.11 m mean burrow depth and burrows ending at the subsoil interface. After 14 months, all age classes of <em>L. terrestris</em> were present and burrow depth had not changed. After five years, adult, juvenile and hatchling <em>L. terrestris</em> were present, demonstrating establishment of a breeding population. In a parallel laboratory experiment, with site topsoil and subsoil in Evans’ boxes, <em>L. terrestris</em> avoided subsoil and constructed U-shaped burrows. The results show that through flexible burrow construction, <em>L. terrestris</em> can survive above highly constraining subsoil conditions. This is likely to be only possible where severe droughts are uncommon, and topsoil does not freeze in winter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103595"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1164556324000013/pdfft?md5=fe69f2a661184cd9bc5b3ba3ecdd7018&pid=1-s2.0-S1164556324000013-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139108736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of agricultural land use impacts on earthworm communities: Insights into diversity, abundance, and functional composition","authors":"Andrés Ligrone ,&nbsp;Máximo Alvarez ,&nbsp;Gabriella Jorge-Escudero ,&nbsp;Gervasio Piñeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Earthworms play a key role as soil bioengineers, but livestock farming and croplands can impact on the composition, structure, and functioning of earthworm communities. This study aimed to quantify the effects of replacing natural grasslands with crop rotations on the seasonal dynamics of key attributes of earthworm communities and explore </span>soil physicochemical properties as mechanisms behind these effects. We conducted paired samplings on seven sites across Uruguay, comparing earthworm communities in soils under grazed natural grasslands and adjacent croplands, considering earthworm species composition, richness, diversity, and evenness, biomass, density, and mean body weight, over five consecutive seasons. Results revealed a clear negative impact of croplands on earthworm communities, showing substantial reductions in all considered attributes. Observed changes were attributed to environmental filters limiting the occurrence of larger exotic earthworm species in croplands, and variations in soil physicochemical properties were identified as potentially mediating some of these effects, including </span>soil water regime<span> (particularly affecting juvenile individuals) and soil organic matter content. These impacts resulted in a shift to dominance of r strategists (smaller, surface-feeding species such as </span></span><em>Microscolex</em><span> spp. in croplands compared to larger deeper-burrowing species in grasslands) and reduced functional composition of earthworm communities. Furthermore, seasonal dynamics revealed that differences between land uses were more pronounced during wetter periods, underscoring the relevance of seasonal variations when evaluating land use impacts on earthworm communities. Earthworms mean body weight resulted a useful attribute to be included in earthworm's assessments, allowing to identify impacts in community functional composition and suggesting size dependent mechanisms. Additional research is required to comprehensively understand the mechanisms behind these patterns and to develop more sustainable agricultural practices by considering soil fauna.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two aspects of earthworm bioturbation: Crop residue burial by foraging and surface casting in no-till management","authors":"Peter Bentley ,&nbsp;Kevin R. Butt ,&nbsp;Visa Nuutinen","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In no-till agroecosystems, presence of the earthworm <span><em>Lumbricus terrestris</em></span><span><span> L. can be a key driver in the replenishment of </span>soil organic matter stocks post-harvest, through surface residue foraging and incorporation. The impact on such systems under different climatic conditions is, however, still unquantified. A field experiment was designed to determine incorporation of cereal harvest residues at three no-till agricultural sites in boreal conditions (SW Finland) focusing on </span><em>L. terrestris</em><span> impacts over the period from autumn harvest to spring sowing. Either spring barley, wheat or oats were cultivated at the sites. Following the harvests, representative masses of residues were applied on small experimental plots (0.25 m</span>²) with cleaned soil surfaces in areas of inherently high (LT+: 10.6 ± 2.1 ind. 0.25 m^-2) and low (LT-: 1.8 ± 0.7 ind. 0.25 m^-2) <em>L. terrestris</em> density within the fields. Residues were covered with metal mesh caging and left until spring sowing, when changes in residue mass were recorded and plots sampled for earthworms. The reduction of straw residue mass varied between sites, from no difference between the LT+ and LT- treatments to 19 % and 59 % higher mass reduction in LT+. Amount of earthworm castings on the residues was also quantified and findings indicated a positive correlation with earthworm (also endogeic) density. For <em>L.</em> <em>terrestris</em>, earthworm species abundance relationships indicated competitive interaction with epigeics and positive interaction with endogeics. Results showed that <em>L. terrestris</em> foraging can enhance the incorporation of cereal surface residues outside of the boreal growing season and that earthworm surface casting also has a role in residue burial. However, the increase of incorporation by <em>L. terrestris</em> activity, interrupted by winter conditions, was moderate and did not lead to marked exposition of the soil surface by experimental end, even at those plots with the highest <em>L. terrestris</em> foraging. The incorporation rate estimates may have been unrepresentative due to the exceptionally late harvest during the study period. Investigations covering the whole year from multiple growing seasons are needed for a comprehensive assessment of earthworm impacts on crop surface residue dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138839576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}