European Journal of Soil Biology最新文献

{"title":"Dynamics of nitrogen mineralization and nitrogen cycling functional genes in response to soil pore size distribution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil pore distribution influences the permeability of gas, water, and solutes, affecting microbial activities such as nitrogen (N) mineralization. Understanding its impact on N mineralization and the subsequent N transformations is essential for managing compacted paddy soils. This study conducted incubation experiments on two paddy soils from typical Chinese rice regions, Northeastern meadow chernozemic Mollisols, and Southern umbric Ferralsols, under three bulk densities (1.0 g cm⁻³, 1.2 g cm⁻³, and 1.4 g cm⁻³) to investigate the effects of soil porosity on N mineralization and N cycling functional genes. Although the cumulative mineralized N showed no significant difference, with increased macropores (&gt;100 μm) and mesopores (30–100 μm), Ferralsols exhibited a significantly higher net N mineralization rate from day 0 to day 7, while Mollisols extended the mineralization after day 21. Soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) had a similar temporal trend to the net N mineralization rate, suggesting DOC was the product of mineralization. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) showed an opposite temporal trend to the net N mineralization rate in Mollisols, suggesting microbial biomass as a key N source for mineralization. Soil pores distribution did not affect nitrification under waterlogged conditions, but it affected <em>nirK</em>, <em>nirS</em> and <em>nosZ</em> genes by altering redox potential and substrates availability in the pore micro-environment. Overall, soil pores over 30 μm were the key pore size ranges affecting the intensity and duration of N mineralization, with different effects on DOC, MBC, and N cycling functional genes in Mollisols and Ferralsols. These findings emphasized the role of pore size in regulating N transformation in waterlogged conditions, contributing to the understanding of the N availability in compacted paddy soils from typical geographic rice-growing regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial resistance and resilience to drought under organic and conventional farming","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impacts of climate change, such as drought, can affect soil microbial communities. These communities are crucial for soil functioning and crop production. Organic and conventional cropping systems can promote distinct soil microbiomes and soil organic carbon contents, which might generate different capacities to mitigate drought effects on these cropping systems. A field-scale drought simulation was performed in long-term organically and conventionally managed cropping systems differing in fertilization and pesticide application. The soil microbiome was assessed during and after drought in bulk soil, rhizosphere, and roots of wheat. We found that drought reduced soil respiration and altered microbial community structures, affecting fungi in the bulk soil and rhizosphere more strongly than prokaryotes. Microbial communities associated with crops (i.e. rhizosphere and root) were more strongly influenced by drought compared to bulk soil communities. Drought legacy effects were observed in the bulk soil after harvesting and rewetting. The extent of the structural shifts in the soil microbiome in response to severe drought did not differ significantly between the organic and conventional cropping systems but each cropping system maintained a unique microbiome under drought. All cropping systems showed relative increases in potential plant growth-promoting genera under drought but some genera such as <em>Streptomyces</em>, <em>Rhizophagus, Actinomadura</em>, and <em>Aneurinibacillus</em> showed system-specific drought responses. This agricultural field study indicated that fungal communities might be less resistant to drought than prokaryotic communities in cropping systems and these effects get more pronounced in closer association with plants. Organic fertilization and the associated increase in soil organic carbon, or the reduction in pesticide application might not have the proposed ability to buffer severe drought stress on soil microbial taxonomic diversity. Yet, it remains to be elucidated whether the ability to maintain system-specific soil microbiomes also during drought translates into different functional capabilities to cope with the stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plantation conversion of Eucalyptus promotes soil microbial necromass C accumulation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103691","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stand conversion in subtropical regions has altered soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities, leading to changes in microbially mediated processes, such as microbial necromass C (MNC) formation and accumulation. However, previous studies on the effects of stand conversion on MNC are lacking, leading to gaps in our understanding regarding the influence of long-term stand conversion on MNC accumulation in different soil layers and the relative importance of soil properties for regulating MNC.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this study, we used field surveys and soil analysis to assess the effects of converting a &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; forest into other planted forest (broadleaf mixed forest [BM] and &lt;em&gt;Acacia mangium&lt;/em&gt; × &lt;em&gt;Acacia auriculiformis&lt;/em&gt; forest [AM]) on soil properties, enzyme activity, microbial community composition, and MNC after conversion 20 years in Guangdong, South China.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We found that the content of soil organic C (SOC) in the surface soil (0–10 cm after litter removal) increased by 64.9 % when &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; was converted to AM, whereas there was no significant difference in the subsurface soil (10–20 cm). β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and β-1,4-N-acetaminophen glucosidase (NAG) activity increased significantly, while leucine aminopeptidase (LA) activity decreased significantly in the surface soil. In the subsurface soil, BG activity did not change significantly; nonetheless, acid phosphomonoesterase (AP) activity decreased. The fungal, bacterial, and gram-negative bacterial biomass did not significantly differ among the different forests in the surface soil, but the fungal, bacterial, gram-positive, and gram-negative bacterial biomass decreased significantly in the subsurface soil. The ratio of fungi to bacteria was highest in the BM, whereas the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria was highest in the AM. Soil fungal and microbial necromass C and the ratio of fungal to bacterial necromass C increased significantly in the surface soil when &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; was converted to AM. The contribution of MNC and fungal necromass C to SOC content significantly increased by 22.20 % and 26.23 %, respectively, when &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; was converted to AM. The main controlling factors of MNC accumulation in the surface soil were pH and total N, whereas soil enzyme activity (BG related to C-acquisition) was the dominant determinant of MNC accumulation in the subsurface soil.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our study provides evidence that converting &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/em&gt; to AM may promote MNC accumulation in the surface soil by changing soil pH and TN content to affect soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure, and ultimately changed MNC accumulation. Therefore, developing effective forest management practices, such as reasonable stand conversion may help to enhance forest SOC accumulation by increasing MNC accumulation.&lt;/d","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal distributions of CO2-fixing bacteria in forest soils and their potential associations with soil multifunctionality","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autotrophic microorganisms can fix carbon dioxide (CO₂) into organic carbon (C), potentially offering a natural mechanism to mitigate global climate change. Forest soils, recognized as vast and critical C repositories with significant microbial CO₂ fixation rates, remain understudied, particularly regarding the spatial variations of autotrophic bacteria and their relationship to soil functions in arid regions. In this study, we systematically investigated soil multifunctionality, along with the spatial distribution of autotrophic bacterial communities identified by the RubisCO <em>cbbL</em> and <em>cbbM</em> genes, and the driving factors across a longitudinal gradient in the Loess Plateau forest soils. The investigation spanned an ∼850 km west-east transect with precipitation below 600 mm. The alpha diversity of <em>cbbL</em>-containing bacteria, as measured by the Chao1 index, was correlated with climatic variables such as precipitation and elevation instead of local soil characteristics. In contrast, the alpha diversity of <em>cbbM</em>-containing bacteria was associated with soil properties. The community composition of autotrophic bacteria, based on <em>cbbL</em> and <em>cbbM</em> genes, showed greater similarity in soils from the eastern Loess Plateau and was distinct from those in the western region. The <em>cbbL-</em> and <em>cbbM-</em>containing generalist taxa were subject to differential selection and promotion between the eastern and western regions. Temperature, soil pH and spatial variables were key drivers influencing the community composition of <em>cbbL-</em> and <em>cbbM-</em>containing bacteria. The diversity and communities of soil autotrophic bacteria significantly affected soil multifunctionality. The study demonstrates that soil autotrophic bacteria in forest soils are intricately connected to climatic conditions, soil pH and spatial factors, significantly impacting soil multifunctionality. These insights provide evidence that can be instrumental in predicting and potentially enhancing the functional capacity of forest ecosystems in the Loess Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous measurement of red wood ant (Formica rufa) outdoor behaviour using passive acoustic monitoring","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ants serve as ecosystem engineers that maintain important ecological processes within forests. Given their ecological importance, it is a clear scientific shortcoming that we lack non-invasive methods to survey their behaviour inside common opaque habitats such as mounds, litter, and soil. In this study, we assess if acoustic signals from red wood ant (<em>Formica rufa</em>) mounds are useful to infer temporal changes in ant activity within forested ecosystems. We found that acoustic indices used previously as a proxy for soil fauna in soil ecological studies (Acoustic Complexity Index, Bioacoustic Index) can indeed separate sounds generated by the ant's daily routines (biophony) from other forest sounds. Yet, we also show that these indices are problematic proxies for soil diversity as they increase not only due to an increased number of species but also due to an increased number of the same species. Acoustic measures that incorporated the strength of acoustic signals, Average Power Density (APD) and Peak Power Density (PPD) also increased with increasing ant abundance and constituted the conceptually best proxy for ant activity. For example, the PPD could i) track diurnal changes in <em>Formica rufa</em> activity with a high temporal resolution (minutes) and ii) detect altered behavioural responses to temperature changes. We conclude that microphones detecting biophony can provide high-resolution information about <em>in situ</em> ant behaviours in forested ecosystems. Thus, passive acoustics monitoring offers a promising avenue as a non-invasive monitoring tool for soil macrofauna studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinus radiata seedlings rhizobiome shifts in response to foliar and root phosphite application","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil health is an emerging concern in agriculture and is dependent on the microbial communities in the rhizosphere (rhizobiome). Phosphite-based products are used as bio-stimulants and/or fungicides. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the impact of these products in nurseries, especially at the level of the rhizobiome. This work aims to assess the impact of phosphite (Phi) application on the rhizobiome of <em>Pinus radiata</em> seedlings. Two application modes (foliar and irrigation) were compared in an experimental setup with control treatments. Gas exchange parameters were evaluated to assess plant physiological performance. Bacterial rhizobiome analysis was performed using next generation sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Results showed that Phi application did not significantly affect plant photosynthetic performance. However, Phi irrigation led to a significant decrease in rhizobiome richness and diversity compared to control. Beta diversity analysis confirmed distinct microbial communities in the irrigated group. At the genus level, several acidophilic taxa, including <em>Burkholderia</em> and <em>Aciditerrimonas</em>, were significantly enriched in phosphite-irrigated samples, while others like <em>Mucilaginibacter</em> were reduced. The study reveals that Phi application, especially through irrigation, alters the structure of the rhizobiome in pine seedlings, leading to a decrease in richness and bacterial diversity. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the effects of commercial products, such as phosphite. This understanding is crucial to ensure sustainable plant growth and maintain soil health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry indicates that litter quality regulates soil microbial nutrient demand in a Tibetan alpine meadow","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of litter quality on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities have been widely documented; however, the specific relationship between soil enzyme activity, stoichiometry and their interactions with litter and soil properties across varying litter qualities remain unclear. Freshly fallen leaves of six species were collected and divided into low- and high-quality litter based on decomposition rates. We assessed the activities of carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-acquiring enzymes—β-1,-4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (AP)—along with biotic and abiotic factors affecting enzyme activities (dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass in litter and soil) at five time points over 673 d. Enzyme vector analysis showed that vector lengths (microbial C limitation) were the largest across all treatments after 309 d, and all vector angles were &gt; 45°, suggesting that soil microbes were more limited by P than by N during decomposition process. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated that soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry were driven by different variables, depending on litter quality. In the control, soil dissolved organic carbon (SDOC) and phosphorus (SDOP) were the primary predictors of soil enzyme activity, while under low-quality litter addition, litter dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) and soil dissolved organic nitrogen (SDON) were the most influential factors, and under high-quality litter addition, litter microbial biomass carbon (LMBC), SDOC, and SDON were key drivers. Furthermore, SDOC was significantly and negatively correlated with vector length, explaining the greatest variation in soil enzyme stoichiometry across all treatments. Vector length and angle were better explained by LDOC and litter microbial biomass phosphorus (LMBP) under low-quality litter addition, in contrast, by litter microbial biomass nitrogen (LMBN) and litter dissolved organic nitrogen (LDON) under high-quality litter addition. Our results highlight that litter quality modulates soil microbial metabolism by influencing dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass in both litter and soil layers. This study reveals the mechanism mediating soil microbial metabolism during litter decomposition, which is crucial for understanding C and nutrient cycling in alpine grassland ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faba bean-wheat intercropping controls the occurrence of faba bean Fusarium wilt by improving the microecological environment of rhizosphere soil","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fusarium wilt is a severe soil-borne disease that affects faba bean production. Faba bean-wheat intercropping is often used to control the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in faba bean.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To evaluate the effects of faba bean-wheat intercropping on the occurrence of faba bean Fusarium wilt and soil microecology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We established two planting patterns, faba bean monocropping (M) and faba bean-wheat intercropping (I), to investigate Fusarium wilt occurrence and plant dry weight and assess changes in soil enzyme activities, microbial diversity, and community composition during different stages of disease onset.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intercropping effectively controlled faba bean Fusarium wilt at the three disease stages and increased the dry weight of faba bean plants. Intercropping promoted the activities of catalase (CAT), urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil of faba bean at three disease stages. Bacterial and fungal diversity decreased with disease progression, and intercropping mitigated this trend. Compared with monocropping, intercropping increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, <em>Gemmatimonas</em>, <em>Conexibacter</em>, and <em>Sphingomonas</em>, while reducing the abundance of pathogenic fungi such as <em>Alternaria</em>, <em>Cladosporium</em>, and <em>Fusarium</em>. Intercropping also increased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza, soil saprophytes, and undefined saprophytes while decreasing the abundance of plant pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Faba bean-wheat intercropping enhanced soil enzyme activities, effective nutrient content, and alpha diversity indices of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of faba bean, while promoting the abundance of beneficial bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as both soil and undefined humus. Simultaneously, intercropping reduced the abundance of plant pathogens, facilitated nutrient cycling in the soil, provided sufficient nutrients for crop uptake, and mitigated the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide on cells. Ultimately, this resulted in a reduced occurrence of Fusarium wilt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in succession of bacterial communities during co-cultivation of corn straw with different soils","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managing carbon inputs from straw can pave the way towards carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. Straw decomposition by cooperative microbial actions is an important process of carbon cycling in nature, and in this process, microbial communities are constantly in succession. Soil is rich in microorganisms and can be a source of microbial for straw degradation. In this study, corn straw was mixed with different soil types and incubated in conical flasks for 70 days. Bacterial diversity and community structure were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Then, the effects of physicochemical parameters and enzyme activities on the composition of bacterial communities at different stages were evaluated. The results showed that bacterial diversity decreased during co-cultivation. The differences in bacterial communities between all treatments were greater in the later stages, with Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacillota as the major phyla. Among them, the biomarkers at different times for different treatments included <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Mycobacterium</em>, <em>Oceanobacillus</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Flavobacterium</em>, and <em>Saccharomonospora</em>. All of them showed cellulose degradation capacity; thus, the organic matter gradually decreased during the co-cultivation. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that pH, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), cellulase, β-glucosidase, and filter paper (FPase) activities had a significant effect on bacterial communities at different stages. Our findings suggested that soil microbial communities can be an effective source of cellulose-degrading microorganisms, and corn straw co-cultivation with different soil types increased the abundance of cellulose-degrading bacteria, which provides the theoretical basis for efficient cellulose-degrading agent screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application reduced soil multifunctionality in Qinghai-Tibet plateau grasslands, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer inputs on soil nutrient cycling and ecological function processes has garnered significant attention. Soil multifunctionality primarily refers to the soil's ability to perform multiple functions simultaneously, particularly the functions related to the genes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles, which are critical for ecosystem sustainability. Despite this, the effects of N and P fertilizers on the expression of genes involved in soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles, and their consequent influence on soil multifunctionality, remain unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a long-term nine-year experiment. The experimental site was fenced to prevent grazing and included four treatments: Control (no fertilizer), N (10 g N m⁻² y⁻¹, urea), P (5 g P m⁻² y⁻¹, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂), and NP (10 g N and 5 g P m⁻² y⁻¹, urea and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂). We examined the effects of these treatments on soil microbial functional gene abundance and multifunctionality. Our findings revealed that N addition altered the composition of soil microbial functional genes but did not affect functional diversity. Both N and P inputs, as well as their combination, negatively impacted soil carbon fixation and the genes encoding enzymes for the degradation of starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, and chitin. N input also disrupted soil nitrogen and phosphorus cycling by inhibiting the expression of soil denitrification genes (<em>nirS</em> and <em>nosZ</em>), phytate hydrolase gene (<em>cphy</em>), and a phosphatase gene (<em>phoD</em>). Additionally, P input significantly inhibited functional genes involved in soil nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, nitrogen fixation, and ammonia oxidation processes. It also adversely affected phytate synthesis and degradation. The combined N and P inputs had a substantial negative impact on soil nitrification (<em>hao</em>), denitrification (<em>narG</em>, <em>nirK</em>, <em>nirS</em>, and <em>norZ</em>), ammonification (<em>gdh</em>), nitrogen fixation, annamox, and nitrogen reduction, and inhibited the expression of soil phosphorus cycle genes. Long-term phosphorus application was found to have a more detrimental effect on soil multifunctionality compared to nitrogen application. Furthermore, our study showed that vegetation diversity and abundance are crucial drivers of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling functional genes and multifunctionality. We concluded that N and P inputs alter soil multifunctionality by influencing vegetation diversity; therefore, maintaining vegetation diversity is essential for sustaining soil multifunctionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}