European Journal of Soil Biology最新文献

{"title":"Soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry indicates that litter quality regulates soil microbial nutrient demand in a Tibetan alpine meadow","authors":"Xiaoping Wang ,&nbsp;Yinshan Ma ,&nbsp;Shiting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of litter quality on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities have been widely documented; however, the specific relationship between soil enzyme activity, stoichiometry and their interactions with litter and soil properties across varying litter qualities remain unclear. Freshly fallen leaves of six species were collected and divided into low- and high-quality litter based on decomposition rates. We assessed the activities of carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-acquiring enzymes—β-1,-4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (AP)—along with biotic and abiotic factors affecting enzyme activities (dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass in litter and soil) at five time points over 673 d. Enzyme vector analysis showed that vector lengths (microbial C limitation) were the largest across all treatments after 309 d, and all vector angles were &gt; 45°, suggesting that soil microbes were more limited by P than by N during decomposition process. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated that soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry were driven by different variables, depending on litter quality. In the control, soil dissolved organic carbon (SDOC) and phosphorus (SDOP) were the primary predictors of soil enzyme activity, while under low-quality litter addition, litter dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) and soil dissolved organic nitrogen (SDON) were the most influential factors, and under high-quality litter addition, litter microbial biomass carbon (LMBC), SDOC, and SDON were key drivers. Furthermore, SDOC was significantly and negatively correlated with vector length, explaining the greatest variation in soil enzyme stoichiometry across all treatments. Vector length and angle were better explained by LDOC and litter microbial biomass phosphorus (LMBP) under low-quality litter addition, in contrast, by litter microbial biomass nitrogen (LMBN) and litter dissolved organic nitrogen (LDON) under high-quality litter addition. Our results highlight that litter quality modulates soil microbial metabolism by influencing dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass in both litter and soil layers. This study reveals the mechanism mediating soil microbial metabolism during litter decomposition, which is crucial for understanding C and nutrient cycling in alpine grassland ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faba bean-wheat intercropping controls the occurrence of faba bean Fusarium wilt by improving the microecological environment of rhizosphere soil","authors":"Yiran Zheng ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Wang,&nbsp;Siyin Yang,&nbsp;Zixuan Cen,&nbsp;Yan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fusarium wilt is a severe soil-borne disease that affects faba bean production. Faba bean-wheat intercropping is often used to control the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in faba bean.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To evaluate the effects of faba bean-wheat intercropping on the occurrence of faba bean Fusarium wilt and soil microecology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We established two planting patterns, faba bean monocropping (M) and faba bean-wheat intercropping (I), to investigate Fusarium wilt occurrence and plant dry weight and assess changes in soil enzyme activities, microbial diversity, and community composition during different stages of disease onset.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intercropping effectively controlled faba bean Fusarium wilt at the three disease stages and increased the dry weight of faba bean plants. Intercropping promoted the activities of catalase (CAT), urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil of faba bean at three disease stages. Bacterial and fungal diversity decreased with disease progression, and intercropping mitigated this trend. Compared with monocropping, intercropping increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, <em>Gemmatimonas</em>, <em>Conexibacter</em>, and <em>Sphingomonas</em>, while reducing the abundance of pathogenic fungi such as <em>Alternaria</em>, <em>Cladosporium</em>, and <em>Fusarium</em>. Intercropping also increased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza, soil saprophytes, and undefined saprophytes while decreasing the abundance of plant pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Faba bean-wheat intercropping enhanced soil enzyme activities, effective nutrient content, and alpha diversity indices of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of faba bean, while promoting the abundance of beneficial bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as both soil and undefined humus. Simultaneously, intercropping reduced the abundance of plant pathogens, facilitated nutrient cycling in the soil, provided sufficient nutrients for crop uptake, and mitigated the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide on cells. Ultimately, this resulted in a reduced occurrence of Fusarium wilt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in succession of bacterial communities during co-cultivation of corn straw with different soils","authors":"Shuang Liu,&nbsp;Qingxin Meng,&nbsp;Yujia Li,&nbsp;Zhigang Wang,&nbsp;Weihui Xu,&nbsp;Yingning Sun,&nbsp;Zhidan Yu,&nbsp;Yunlong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managing carbon inputs from straw can pave the way towards carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. Straw decomposition by cooperative microbial actions is an important process of carbon cycling in nature, and in this process, microbial communities are constantly in succession. Soil is rich in microorganisms and can be a source of microbial for straw degradation. In this study, corn straw was mixed with different soil types and incubated in conical flasks for 70 days. Bacterial diversity and community structure were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Then, the effects of physicochemical parameters and enzyme activities on the composition of bacterial communities at different stages were evaluated. The results showed that bacterial diversity decreased during co-cultivation. The differences in bacterial communities between all treatments were greater in the later stages, with Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacillota as the major phyla. Among them, the biomarkers at different times for different treatments included <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Mycobacterium</em>, <em>Oceanobacillus</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Flavobacterium</em>, and <em>Saccharomonospora</em>. All of them showed cellulose degradation capacity; thus, the organic matter gradually decreased during the co-cultivation. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that pH, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), cellulase, β-glucosidase, and filter paper (FPase) activities had a significant effect on bacterial communities at different stages. Our findings suggested that soil microbial communities can be an effective source of cellulose-degrading microorganisms, and corn straw co-cultivation with different soil types increased the abundance of cellulose-degrading bacteria, which provides the theoretical basis for efficient cellulose-degrading agent screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application reduced soil multifunctionality in Qinghai-Tibet plateau grasslands, China","authors":"Yang Wu ,&nbsp;HuaKun Zhou ,&nbsp;WenJing Chen ,&nbsp;HaoXiang Xue ,&nbsp;HongFei Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;ShaoJuan Mao ,&nbsp;GuoBin Liu ,&nbsp;Sha Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer inputs on soil nutrient cycling and ecological function processes has garnered significant attention. Soil multifunctionality primarily refers to the soil's ability to perform multiple functions simultaneously, particularly the functions related to the genes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles, which are critical for ecosystem sustainability. Despite this, the effects of N and P fertilizers on the expression of genes involved in soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles, and their consequent influence on soil multifunctionality, remain unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a long-term nine-year experiment. The experimental site was fenced to prevent grazing and included four treatments: Control (no fertilizer), N (10 g N m⁻² y⁻¹, urea), P (5 g P m⁻² y⁻¹, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂), and NP (10 g N and 5 g P m⁻² y⁻¹, urea and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂). We examined the effects of these treatments on soil microbial functional gene abundance and multifunctionality. Our findings revealed that N addition altered the composition of soil microbial functional genes but did not affect functional diversity. Both N and P inputs, as well as their combination, negatively impacted soil carbon fixation and the genes encoding enzymes for the degradation of starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, and chitin. N input also disrupted soil nitrogen and phosphorus cycling by inhibiting the expression of soil denitrification genes (<em>nirS</em> and <em>nosZ</em>), phytate hydrolase gene (<em>cphy</em>), and a phosphatase gene (<em>phoD</em>). Additionally, P input significantly inhibited functional genes involved in soil nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, nitrogen fixation, and ammonia oxidation processes. It also adversely affected phytate synthesis and degradation. The combined N and P inputs had a substantial negative impact on soil nitrification (<em>hao</em>), denitrification (<em>narG</em>, <em>nirK</em>, <em>nirS</em>, and <em>norZ</em>), ammonification (<em>gdh</em>), nitrogen fixation, annamox, and nitrogen reduction, and inhibited the expression of soil phosphorus cycle genes. Long-term phosphorus application was found to have a more detrimental effect on soil multifunctionality compared to nitrogen application. Furthermore, our study showed that vegetation diversity and abundance are crucial drivers of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling functional genes and multifunctionality. We concluded that N and P inputs alter soil multifunctionality by influencing vegetation diversity; therefore, maintaining vegetation diversity is essential for sustaining soil multifunctionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria contribute more than fungi to SOC decomposition in a paddy field under long-term free-air CO2 enrichment","authors":"Meiling Xu ,&nbsp;Feifan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ling Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongze Zhang ,&nbsp;Caixian Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaozhi Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Ma ,&nbsp;Qiao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial responses to future climate change are important in determining soil organic carbon cycling and evaluating carbon-climate feedback. Paddy soils from a 15-year free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiment were incubated and analyzed to reveal the responses of soil microbial activity, community diversity and composition to the soil depth and elevated CO₂. Network topology analysis was conducted to determine microbial complexity and stability, and Mantel tests were used to analyze the correlation between bacteria and fungi and soil respiration. Elevated CO₂ stimulated cumulative soil respiration (topsoil 6.2 %, subsoil 21.8 %), which was positively correlated with bacterial diversity. The elevated CO₂ effects on the microbial community were greater in the topsoil than in the subsoil, namely, bacterial diversity was increased by 2.1 % in the topsoil (0–15 cm). Elevated CO₂ also increased the abundance of Nitrospirota in the top- but not in the subsoil. Fungal diversity and phyla were not affected by elevated CO₂, but fungal diversity was significantly correlated with the contents of soil DOC, total dissolved N, and total P in the subsoil. Compared to the subsoil, bacterial richness was higher in topsoil, and more Ascomycota was found but fewer Mortierellomycota; the microbial network had a greater number of nodes and edges. These results suggested that 1) depth was a major factor affecting soil properties that determine microbial community and function; 2) bacterial taxa were more sensitive to elevated CO₂ than fungal taxa; 3) elevated CO₂ increased SOC decomposition directly via enhanced soil C availability and altered bacterial diversity and microbial complexity and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing crop yield and microbial diversity in saline-affected paddy soil through biochar amendment under aquaculture wastewater irrigation","authors":"Xuli Zhao ,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Grossart","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar is frequently employed to ameliorate saline-affected paddy soil. However, there are controversial research findings regarding the applicability of biochar for the enhancement of soil physicochemical properties and agricultural (crop) yield, particularly under conditions of wastewater irrigation in agricultural production. This study investigates the effects of controlled soil salinity levels (1 ‰ and 3 ‰), induced using sodium chloride, and the targeted application of biochar in a pot experiment. The study examines the impact on physicochemical characteristics of different soil layers, physicochemical properties, and physiological responses of rice plants irrigated with aquaculture wastewater. It also delves into soil microbial diversity and the predominant bacterial species. The research findings reveal that biochar exerts a significant influence on soil properties and nitrogen content in saline environments. The addition of biochar enhanced soil electrical conductivity (EC), modulated the distribution of organic carbon, and altered nitrogen transformation processes within the soil. Consequently, biochar application resulted in a 14.2 % and 6.81 % increase in rice yield at 1 ‰ and 3 ‰ salinity levels, respectively. Furthermore, biochar increased leaf area by 25.3 % and 45.9 % in 1 ‰ and 3 ‰ salinity stress separately and enhanced the nitrogen content (TN) in leaves by 28.6 % when the soil salinity is 1 g/kg, demonstrating a positive impact on nitrogen uptake. Additionally, biochar has shown potential in mitigating nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Its addition led to a reduction in the relative abundance of <em>Actinobacteria</em> while increasing the relative abundance of <em>Firmicutes</em>. These findings provide novel insights into the transformative potential of biochar in improving the characteristics of saline paddy soil and augmenting rice yield when used in conjunction with aquaculture wastewater irrigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic application of biochar with organic fertilizer positively impacts the soil micro-food web in sandy loam soils","authors":"Wanlin Zhuang ,&nbsp;Cancan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yaojun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongling Yang ,&nbsp;Guoyong Li ,&nbsp;Lei Su ,&nbsp;Shixiu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective application of biochar is critical to improving soil health, but its intricate biological impact on the soil micro-food web remains poorly understood. To address this, a field experiment with four treatments - inorganic fertilization (IF), organic fertilization (OF), inorganic fertilization with biochar addition (B + IF), and organic fertilization with biochar addition (B + OF) - was conducted within a wheat cropping system on a sandy loam soil. The study aimed to elucidate the role of biochar-induced changes in abiotic factors and plant root inputs in shaping the soil micro-food web. Results showed that the effects of biochar on the soil micro-food web varied depending on the fertilization context. Under inorganic fertilizer, biochar strongly increased the abundance of total microbes and total nematodes, but reduced the biomass of omnivores-predators. However, biochar combined with organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the abundance and biomass of total microbes as well as the biomass of total nematodes and omnivores-predators. In addition, biochar with inorganic fertilizer affected the abundance of microbes and nematodes through direct pathways and indirectly affected microbial biomass and abundance mediated by reducing NH₄⁺-N and DOC content. In contrast, in organic fertilization, the improvement of root biomass and soil pH were the most direct drivers of variation in microbial abundance. These findings highlight the potential of biochar as a strategic amendment to optimize soil micro-food web dynamics, with fertilizer type playing a critical role in determining its effectiveness. The combination of biochar with organic fertilizer provides a basis for improving soil health and supporting sustainable agricultural practices on sandy loam soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire alters soil bacterial and fungal communities and intensifies seasonal variation in subtropical forest ecosystem","authors":"Ziyue Shi ,&nbsp;Yaru Chen ,&nbsp;Aogui Li ,&nbsp;Mengjun Hu ,&nbsp;Weixing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil microbes stand as pivotal constituents and perform important ecological functions in forest ecosystems due to their extensive diversity. The increasing frequency of forest fire, coupled with the accelerating global warming, has resulted in changes in environmental conditions and forest structure, consequently influencing soil microbial communities. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the impacts of fire on soil bacterial and fungal communities. Based on a fire experimental study in subtropical forest ecosystem, we investigated the alterations in soil properties and microbial community across two seasons. The results showed that soil bacterial richness remained unchanged by fire in both seasons. In contrast, soil fungal richness decreased in spring but increased in autumn at burnt sites, indicating the amplified seasonal variation induced by fire. In addition, fire had a significant impact on soil microbial community composition. Specifically, it elevated the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota but reduced that of Acidobacteriota and Verrucomicrobiota, which was related to increased temperature, pH, and decreased nitrogen resulting from fire. The relative abundance of Ascomycota increased following fire, whereas the relative abundance of Basidiomycota decreased. These shifts in soil fungal community were mainly related to lower soil carbon:nitrogen ratio. Furthermore, bacterial community was more responsive to environmental changes than fungal community. Overall, our study demonstrates soil microbial diversity and community structure in response to forest fire and the driving factors, advancing our comprehension of soil microbial dynamics in forest ecosystems under environmental perturbations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planting Chinese milk vetch with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria inoculation enhances phosphorus turnover by altering the structure of the phoD-harboring bacteria community","authors":"Danna Chang ,&nbsp;Yarong Song ,&nbsp;Hai Liang ,&nbsp;Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Cheng Cai ,&nbsp;Shuailei Lv ,&nbsp;Yulin Liao ,&nbsp;Jun Nie ,&nbsp;Tingyu Duan ,&nbsp;Weidong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to reveal how planting Chinese milk vetch (CMV) as green manure in combination with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria-based biofertilizer can enhance phosphorus (P) utilization in CMV-rice crop rotations. The pot experiment included two factors: the presence of <em>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</em> (<em>ACC</em>) inoculation, and the variety of CMV (six varieties), resulting in 12 treatments. The experiment lasted for 190 d and soil and plants were analyzed thereafter. <em>ACC</em> inoculation increased the average shoot dry weight by 37.1 % and P uptake by 73.9 % of CMV, and increased the average content of soil labile P by 9.2 %; decreased the average content of moderately labile P by 6.9 % and stable P by 5.4 %, compared to control. <em>ACC</em> inoculation increased the average concentrations of acetic acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Structural equation model showed that organic acid and phosphatase correlated with soil labile and moderately labile P pools. The average abundance and diversity of the alkaline phosphatase gene (<em>phoD</em>) and the proportion of dominant species in the mineralization of organic P (<em>Streptomycetaceae</em>) increased under <em>ACC</em> inoculation. Thus, planting CMV with <em>ACC</em> inoculation increased the average concentrations of organic acid and alkaline phosphatase, activating insoluble inorganic P and organic P. However, their combination enhanced the average abundance and altered the structure of the <em>phoD</em>-harboring bacteria community, which in turn promoted organic P mineralization. Planting Chinese milk vetch with <em>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</em> inoculation can effectively utilize P in paddy soil, which can enhance P availability for subsequent rice crops.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of biochar addition on earthworm enhanced N2O emission","authors":"Yupeng Wu ,&nbsp;Yanbin Jiang ,&nbsp;Hong Di ,&nbsp;Juan Liu ,&nbsp;Yaoxiong Lu ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shaaban","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of biochar has been shown to suppress soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Earthworms, a key component of soil fauna, are known to increase N₂O production. While existing research has focused mainly on soil physicochemical management and microbial interactions, limited attention has been paid to how biochar interacts with soil fauna in relation to N₂O emissions. To investigate this, an incubation experiment was conducted to analyze how various biochars, including corn straw (CS), rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), nutshell (NS), wood chip (WC), rice husk (RH), apricot shell (AS), and peach shell (PS) biochar, affect earthworm (<em>Amynthas cortices</em>) enhanced N₂O emissions. Biochar addition reduced earthworm enhanced N₂O production and decreased the cumulative earthworm burrowing length compared to control. Rice straw biochar was the most effective, releasing the lowest earthworm enhanced N₂O emission at 73 μg kg⁻¹ soil and having the shortest cumulative burrowing length at 48.6 cm, whereas wood chip biochar had the least impact, with earthworm enhanced N₂O reaching 307 μg kg⁻¹ soil. The drilosphere influenced by earthworms' activity demonstrated increased pH, C/N ratio, mineral nitrogen (MN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) compared to the bulk soil, though the extent of these changes varied with the type of biochar applied. The biochar addition altered the micro-environment within the earthworm gut, including O₂ concentration and pH levels, thereby affecting the N₂O related microbial community in the drilosphere. This was evidenced by changes in the ratio of <em>nirK</em> + <em>nirS</em> to <em>nosZ</em> genes and the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria gene copies. Hierarchical partitioning analysis revealed that the biochar's properties primarily influenced earthworm burrowing activity, the dominant factor affecting earthworm enhanced N₂O emissions, followed by MN, DOC, and MBC content in the drilosphere. The impact of gut-derived microbes on N₂O emissions was comparatively insignificant. These findings highlight that biochar amendment can mitigate earthworm induced N₂O emissions, primarily by modifying earthworm activity, which is strongly influenced by the biochar's physicochemical characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12057,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Biology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}