European Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Dissociation and dysfunctional personality traits in patients with borderline personality disorder: A study based On DSM-5 alternative model","authors":"Margherita Alfieri ,&nbsp;Anna Caterina Leucci ,&nbsp;Biancamaria Bortolotti ,&nbsp;Sara Gibiino ,&nbsp;Loredana Lia ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pelizza ,&nbsp;Marco Menchetti","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and dissociative experiences are frequently co-occurring conditions. This study aimed to assess the relationship between DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) maladaptive personality facets and self-report dissociation in a sample of patients with BPD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our sample consisted of 178 Italian adult patients who met the criteria for BPD diagnosed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV-Axis II. They were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). An agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using facets as clustering variables. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the PID-5 characteristics which could suggest a dissociative dimension.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results showed the potential of PID-5 to hypothesize a dissociative dimension towards DES scores. Therefore, we theorized a specific BPD phenotype characterized by high levels of Unusual Behaviors and Beliefs, high levels of Perceptual Dysregulation, high levels of Withdrawal, low levels of Impulsivity and Irritability, low levels of Callousness and low levels of Avoidance, for which it may be assumed a dissociative framework. Moreover, it could be postulated that patients with dissociative symptoms who will be diagnosed with BPD according to the AMDP would have the domain of Psychoticism as “specifier”.</div><div>Lastly, we highlighted the role of gender as a moderator between personality traits and dissociative symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Consistently with this study, an initial assessment with PID-5 personality facets may detect an underlying dissociative psychopathology, suggesting significant clinical implications for both treatment and prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural bases of referential thinking in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and high-risk mental states: A systematic review","authors":"Daniel Santos-Carrasco ,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Testal ,&nbsp;Manuel Vázquez-Marrufo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Nowadays, schizophrenia research is moving towards the search for early signs of illness. One of the psychosis progression markers highlighted in scientific literature is referential thinking. Thus, the main objective of this work is to analyze the main forms of assessment of referential thinking, as well as the neural bases underlying this process in people with high-risk mental states and psychotic spectrum disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was carried out in three electronic databases (Web of Science, PsycInfo, and PubMed). Experimental studies with case-control designs were searched, and then analyzed both bibliographically and based on their potential risk of bias through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO [CRD42021291691].</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 200 potentially relevant studies, 28 met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the most common way of assessment was the experimental task of making self-reflection about personality phrases and traits. In the studies reviewed, there was a greater number of negative self-references and a greater response latency among the patients when compared to controls. Regarding neural bases, patients showed more neural activity associated with referential thinking in areas such as the dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, or the precuneus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results confirm the hypothesis of referential thinking as an indicator of progression in the psychotic continuum, while highlighting a set of areas that could be hyperactivated in a network of postero-anterior functional connectivity. This antero-posterior hub could underlie the referential thinking deficit in neuropsychiatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathological and cardiometabolic efficacy of a nutritional education intervention based on symbiotics in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Two-arm Randomised Clinical Trial","authors":"Alfonso Sevillano-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Guillermo Molina-Recio ,&nbsp;Juan Antonio García-Mellado ,&nbsp;Rafael Molina-Luque ,&nbsp;Manuel Romero-Saldaña","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Advances in knowledge have contributed to the global understanding of nutritional patterns' influence on mental health. The aim was to determine the impact of a high-symbiotic diet on cardio-metabolic and psychopathological outcomes in schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A randomised clinical trial (two-arm, double-blind, balanced-block, six-month intervention) was conducted on 50 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The control group received conventional dietary advice individually. The intervention group received intensive dietary advice based on the increasing consumption of food with high symbiotic content (fermented foods, whole grains, green leafy vegetables and fruits high in dietary fibre, among others). Researchers collected data on cardiovascular and psychopathological status at baseline, three and six months. In addition, anthropometric parameters were analysed monthly.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-four subjects were analysed. Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated improvements in the PANSS-GP subscale and the PSP scale scores over 3–6 months (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Anthropometric values were decreased in all the variables (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Systolic blood pressure decreased between 3 and 6 months (<em>p</em> = 0.049).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Nutrition education for increasing the consumption of foods with high symbiotic content has positively impacted the cardio-metabolic and psychopathological profile in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In addition, advanced practice mental health nurses have been shown to play a prominent role in developing nutrition education and promoting healthy lifestyles in these patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it possible to circumnavigate the APIcalypse? On challenges to study mental health in the age of digitalization and AI","authors":"Christian Montag ,&nbsp;Brian J. Hall ,&nbsp;Yu-Hsuan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213616324000235/pdfft?md5=d8fe96d081bc08632f6324c08fb9c496&pid=1-s2.0-S0213616324000235-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An expert Delphi consensus for the characteristics of an ideal clozapine-specific side effect scale","authors":"Emilio Fernández-Egea","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study employed the Delphi method to identify the ideal characteristics of a clozapine adverse drug reaction (ADR) scale, engaging 34 clozapine specialists at the 6th NEMEA meeting. Participants emphasized the integration of clinician-rated (CROM) and patient-rated (PROM) outcomes in the scale, aiming for a balance between comprehensiveness and practicality. Key consensus points included the inclusion of specific ADRs like somnolence, sialorrhea, and compulsivity, while metabolic complications were considered less relevant. This research highlights the need for a practical, patient-inclusive tool for monitoring clozapine ADRs, reflective of both clinical expertise and patient experiences in managing treatment-resistant schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S021361632400017X/pdfft?md5=7e4cd7af1f684971a9518815882cd2ed&pid=1-s2.0-S021361632400017X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring direct experience as a core element behind mindfulness-based cognitive therapy","authors":"Joaquim Soler ,&nbsp;Daniela Otero ,&nbsp;Matilde Elices ,&nbsp;Cristina Carmona i Farrés ,&nbsp;Javier Vera ,&nbsp;Juan C. Pascual","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, there is a growing interest in exploring the underlying processes that explain how and why therapeutic approaches work. This study aims to investigate whether Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) can enhance direct experience compared to a control intervention. 72 women diagnosed with eating disorders were assigned to either MBCT or a control treatment. Pre- and post-intervention, participants were asked to eat an orange slice and write down thoughts about the eating experience, classifying the focus of each experience as either experiential or analytical. Compared with the control group, participants who underwent MBCT showed a statistically significant increase in direct experience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sleep on clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder","authors":"Carlota Moya-Lacasa ,&nbsp;Leticia González-Blanco ,&nbsp;Manuel Couce-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Clara Martínez-Cao ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Paniagua ,&nbsp;Paula Zurrón-Madera ,&nbsp;Belén Arranz ,&nbsp;Gemma Safont ,&nbsp;Pilar Sierra ,&nbsp;María Paz García-Portilla","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>Sleep disturbances are part of the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder (BD). They are prodromal symptoms of the disorder and are present during relapse and euthymia. We aimed to identify the impact of sleep, as an endophenotype, on BD patients in terms of clinical features including suicidality, severity of the disorder, somatic comorbidities, and functionality.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study including 291 outpatients during follow-up at four sites in Spain. The score on the sleep domain of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS_sleep) was used to evaluate current sleep disturbances. Other psychometric tests, such as the Young Mania Rating Scale or the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, were used to assess clinical status. Sociodemographic and other clinical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 27.0. Non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression were used.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 291 patients included in the study, 64.3 % (<em>n</em> = 187) were women. Mean age was 47.86 (SD=12.693). The sample was segmented into two groups: euthymia and non-euthymia, and the analysis was carried out separately in each. We observed no differences in either of these groups in HDRS_sleep with regard to sex, age, metabolic syndrome, coffee intake, or smoking. After adjusting for covariates, anxiety and functionality were significantly related to sleep in the non-euthymia group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Sleep disturbances are frequent in BD, even during euthymia. Its impact on functionality and anxiety levels highlights the importance of targeting sleep in clinical practice to improve the outcome of the disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213616324000144/pdfft?md5=912ed311cb8db3d82a43a49c528f4d7a&pid=1-s2.0-S0213616324000144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapy training in psychiatry residencies: A review of trainees’ perspectives","authors":"Rui M. Salgado ,&nbsp;Orlando von Doellinger","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>Incorporating psychotherapy into the curricula of psychiatry residency programs has been proven difficult, even in countries where it is a requirement for residents to become psychiatrists. The primary purpose of the article was to assess psychiatry trainees’ perspectives on psychotherapy training in residency programs worldwide.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The authors performed a narrative review, resulting in 19 original research studies, published between 2001 and 2021, evaluating psychiatry residents’ perspectives by the application of questionnaires.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Psychiatry residents are interested in and value psychotherapy training, and some consider it should be an obligatory competency for psychiatrists, as it already occurs in some countries worldwide. Even though, most psychiatry trainees feel dissatisfaction with the existing training in residency curricula, pointing out concerns related to the quality of resources, time within the residency period, and financial constraints. In terms of personal psychotherapy, we found contrasting views of its importance in psychotherapy training for psychiatry residents. A crucial finding was that psychiatry residents tend to lose interest in psychotherapy during the years of the residency, and dissatisfaction with the quality of the psychotherapy curricula, lack of support, and low self-perceived competence in psychotherapy by trainees were factors associated with reduced interest in psychotherapy training.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The authors postulate that maintaining residents’ interest in psychotherapy requires improvements in the residency curricula and departmental leadership must support trainees’ goals of becoming comprehensively trained psychiatrists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of anorexia nervosa is positively associated with whole blood mitochondrial DNA copy number: A cross-sectional case-control study","authors":"Eimear Doody ,&nbsp;Karen M. Ryan ,&nbsp;Clare O'Toole ,&nbsp;Declan M. McLoughlin","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with significant physical and psychological stress. Stress causes changes at a cellular level and mitochondria may reflect this stress via changes such as alterations in DNA quantity or in their function. Mitochondria are unique in that they possess their own DNA, distinct from nuclear DNA, of which there are many copies within the cell. An indirect measure of mitochondrial function is the assessment of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). Telomere length (TL) represents a marker of normal biological ageing, and TL can be shortened by stressors. We sought to test the following hypotheses: (1) that increased mtDNAcn would be found in patients with AN in comparison to healthy controls, (2) that mtDNAcn is related to duration and severity of AN, and (3) mtDNAcn is correlated with TL.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we calculated mtDNAcn and TL using peripheral whole blood DNA collected from patients with AN (<em>n</em> = 23) compared to samples from age- and sex-matched healthy controls (<em>n</em> = 33). Clinical characteristics were also obtained.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found no difference between mtDNAcn in patients with AN in comparison to controls. mtDNAcn was positively associated with duration of illness, but not with illness severity. There was no association between mtDNAcn and TL.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Further investigations may clarify whether compensatory mechanisms increase mtDNAcn with increased illness duration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213616324000156/pdfft?md5=5945ce392f334f5eb4b09d004f1f8f3d&pid=1-s2.0-S0213616324000156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of COVID-19 on mental health of pregnant women: Does timing of infection matter?","authors":"Sara Barrio-Martínez ,&nbsp;Nancy Murillo-García ,&nbsp;Margarita Miguel-Corredera ,&nbsp;Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz ,&nbsp;Alejandra Sanz-Sanz ,&nbsp;Rosa Ayesa-Arriola","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to examine sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between pregnant women infected (cases) and non-infected (controls) with COVID-19 and their offspring, focusing on the trimester in which the infection occurred</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 115 mother-infant dyads (64 cases and 51 controls), were analysed to evaluate maternal, delivery and new-borns’ characteristics. In particular, anxiety and depressive symptoms, sleep satisfaction, perinatal stress, bonding, social support or fear of COVID-19, during pregnancy and 6-weeks after delivery were explored. Student's <em>t</em>-test, chi-square and repeated measure analysis of variance were used for comparisons when appropriate</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No significant differences were observed between the two groups in any of the variables analysed, except for the mothers’ education, which was higher in the control group. Regarding the timing of infection, those who were infected during the first trimester reported lower levels of perceived social support and higher levels of anxiety</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that the emotional impact of the pandemic may be similar throughout the population, regardless of infection status. However, the impact of the COVID-19 on mental health of future mothers appears to be more significant during the early stages of pregnancy. These results underscore the relevance of providing adequate support from the early stages of pregnancy, in order to enhance women well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}