European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Daily-Use Whitening Toothpastes on Force Degradation of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Usama Osman Shafie, Orhan Özdiler","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825871","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This in vitro study evaluated and compared the effects of various commercially available whitening toothpastes on the degradation of force and the surface properties of orthodontic elastomeric power chains (EPCs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty identical clear EPC segments were randomly divided into five groups (<i>n</i> = 10): Group A (hydrogen peroxide-based), Group B (hydrated silica-based), Group C (activated charcoal-based), Group D (regular toothpaste), and Group E (distilled water control). Specimens were stretched to 25 mm on acrylic jigs and subjected to simulated brushing twice daily for 28 days using toothpaste slurries (1:3 dilution) and were maintained in a thermostatic water bath at 37°C ± 1°C to simulate the oral environment. Force measurements were recorded at baseline, 24 hours, and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days using a digital force gauge. Statistical analysis using mixed repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant effects of time and toothpaste formulation (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Color stability and surface morphology were evaluated visually and by optical microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups exhibited significant time-dependent force loss (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with the greatest reduction (approximately 55%) occurring within the first 24 hours. Group C (charcoal-based) showed the highest force degradation (75.4% at 28 days), which was significantly greater than that observed in all other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Groups A, B, D, and E demonstrated comparable force loss patterns (approximately 65-68%). Surface roughness and discoloration increased over time, most notably in Groups B, C, and D.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Whitening toothpastes, particularly those containing activated charcoal, significantly accelerate force degradation and surface deterioration of orthodontic EPCs. Peroxide-based whitening toothpastes appear to have a less detrimental chemical effect. Careful selection of oral hygiene products is therefore recommended during orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148724121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Milled and 3D-Printed Hybrid Ceramics: Effect of Build Orientation on Specimen Strength versus Crown Fracture Resistance.","authors":"Nadaprapai Khwanpuang, Chayaporn Supachartwong, Chayanit Angkananuwat, Awiruth Klaisiri, Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong, Nantawan Krajangta","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1825555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This article aims to compare the flexural properties, fracture toughness, and fracture resistance of 3D-printed hybrid material (Varseosmile Crown plus, VS) at various build orientations versus milled hybrid materials (Cerasmart 270, CS, and Vita Enamic, E).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Specimens of 3D-printed material (VS) were fabricated at four build orientations (30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees; <i>n</i> = 10). Two milled hybrid ceramics (CS and E) served as comparative groups (<i>n</i> = 10). Flexural properties and fracture toughness were assessed on standardized bar specimens following ISO 6872:2024. Fracture resistance was tested on cemented crowns (<i>n</i> = 10). Statistical analysis was performed using Welch's ANOVA with Dunnett T3 post hoc comparison at <i>α</i> = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CS exhibited the highest flexural strength (230.19 ± 13.59 MPa), fracture toughness (1.88 ± 0.07 MPa·m^1/2), and fracture resistance (4,161.75 ± 597.50 N). E demonstrated the highest flexural modulus (26.79 ± 1.36 GPa). VS had lower values in all test parameters of this study compared to CS and E. Among VS specimens, building orientation significantly influenced flexural properties and fracture toughness, with a 90-degree building orientation yielding optimal results (flexural strength: 111.49 ± 4.15 MPa, flexural modulus: 2.32 ± 0.10 GPa, fracture toughness: 1.05 ± 0.05 MPa·m^1/2, and fracture resistance: 2,296.52 ± 282.81 N). However, building orientation did not significantly affect the fracture resistance of the cemented crown.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Milled hybrid ceramics demonstrated superior strengths to the 3D-printed specimens. While 90-degree orientation optimized strength in standardized specimens, this benefit did not translate to a significant improvement in the fracture resistance of cemented crowns, suggesting that clinical geometry and cementation may affect the effects of build anisotropy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Expression of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 in Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis and Inflammatory Gingival Hyperplasia.","authors":"Zinah A Hamdala, Hussein A Mousa, Wael Abdulazeez Kzar, Athraa Ali Mahmood","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1825553","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The nuclear protein Ki-67 and caspase-3 regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as the preservation of tissue homeostasis in response to genetic and inflammatory signals that have a role in the pathogenesis of different conditions such as gingival overgrowth. Yet, the distinct pathogenesis of these lesions could be determined by variations in cellular homeostasis mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and caspase-3 in hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) and inflammatory gingival hyperplasia (IGH), measure quantitative histopathological parameters, and investigate their association with the balance of proliferation and apoptosis underlying these different gingival overgrowth forms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;An observational cross-sectional study involved 31 gingival biopsies collected from subjects with a history of recurrent gingival enlargement, 15 subjects (9 females and 6 males, 11-46 years) with moderate/severe IGH and 16 subjects with HGF (12 females and 4 males, 16-59 years) during gingivectomy and flap procedures. Anti-caspase-3 antibody and anti-Ki-67 antibody were utilized for immunohistochemistry staining. Imaging was performed at 400× magnification using a light microscope (Olympus BX51 model) equipped with an Olympus XC10-IR color camera; digital images were taken and saved in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format. Computer-assisted image analysis was conducted using Q Path software version 0.5.1, an open-source software for digital pathology, to quantify marker expression in tissue sections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Statistical analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;Mann-Whitney U-test evaluated expression levels; Spearman's correlation assessed biomarker association. Significance was set at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The present finding revealed that the percentage of caspase-3-positive cells was higher in HGF (mean rank: 21.44) compared with IGH (mean rank: 10.20), with a statistically significant difference (U = 33.000, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the H-score for caspase-3 expression was markedly elevated in HGF (mean rank: 21.25) compared with IGH (mean rank: 10.40), with a statistically significant difference (U = 36.000, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). However, the proportion of Ki-67-positive cells was significantly greater in HGF (mean rank: 21.31) than in IGH (mean rank: 10.33), with a statistically significant difference (U = 35.000, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). In contrast, the evaluation of optical density revealed higher values in IGH (mean rank: 20.07) compared with HGF (mean rank: 12.19); this difference was statistically significant (U = 59.000, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.016).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings of this study indicate that both groups reflect divergent pathobiological mechanisms. Specifically, HGF appears to involve genetically mediated tissue remodeling accompanied by compensatory apoptotic acti","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Anti-demineralization Potential of Fluoride-Free Bioactive Toners versus Fluoride-Containing Functionalized Tricalcium Phosphate Toothpaste on Dental Enamel: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Apa Juntavee, Niwut Juntavee, Ratha Rakchumchon, Supichaya Jitijesadaporn, Kochanipa Jungtanasombat, Jringjai Areemit","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1827025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1827025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Preventive dentistry increasingly focuses on bioactive materials to combat enamel demineralization. This study evaluated the anti-demineralization efficacy of two fluoride-free bioactive toners (BATs)-BAT-1 (containing nanohydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, and antibacterial agents) and BAT-2 (containing calcium phosphate and antibacterial agents)-relative to fluoride-containing functionalized tricalcium phosphate toothpaste (CPT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty human premolar specimens were prepared, randomly allocated into four groups (<i>n</i> = 15): BAT-1, BAT-2, CPT, and a nontreated control. The specimens were subjected to a 7-day pH-cycling protocol and treated with respective materials twice daily. Surface microhardness was measured at baseline and posttreatment to calculate the percentage of resistance to demineralization (%Rd) and anti-demineralization potential (%ADP). Structural and mineralogical changes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and polarized light microscopy (PLM).</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Data were analyzed via ANOVA (analysis of variance) followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc tests to identify significant differences among groups (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While BAT-1, BAT-2, and CPT showed significantly higher %Rd and %ADP than the control group, their quantitative performance was comparable (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, SEM analysis revealed that BAT-1 was superior to both BAT-2 and CPT in preserving enamel architecture and promoting mineral penetration. AFM imaging showed more densely packed and better-oriented nanohydroxyapatite crystals in the BAT-1 group. Furthermore, PLM confirmed that BAT-1 achieved the highest level of demineralization prevention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The anti-demineralization potential of BAT was comparable to CPT. Remarkably, BAT-1 tends to preserve enamel ultrastructure and prevent demineralization progression. BAT-1 appears to be a promising fluoride-free alternative for the prevention of early carious lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insertion Torque Value and Implant Stability Quotient of Bone-Level Versus Tissue-Level Dental Implants: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Ahmed Samir Elkattan, Mónica Blázquez-Hinarejos, Hassan Ahmed Assiri, Sonia Egido-Moreno, Francisco Javier Parra-Moreno, Eva Otero-Rey, Xavier Roselló-Llabrés, José López-López","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1827024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1827024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the relation of insertion torque value (ITV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) between bone-level (BL) and tissue-level (TL) dental implants (ISQ recorded immediately and 3 months after implant placement).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 90 dental implants (44 BL, 46 TL; BioHorizons Camlog, Iberica) were placed in 21 patients. ITV was recorded at placement. ISQ (Penguin device, Klockner) was measured horizontally (ISQ-H) and vertically (ISQ-V) at baseline and at the 90-day follow-up.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation tests (α = 0.05) were used for the analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference in ITV was found between the BL (36.0 ± 11.5 Ncm) and TL (38.0 ± 11.5 Ncm) groups (<i>p</i> = 0.381). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in baseline ISQ-H (<i>p</i> = 0.928) or ISQ-V (<i>p</i> = 0.874). At 90 days, ISQ-H values were marginally higher in the TL group (66.5 ± 20.9) compared to the BL group (57.1 ± 18.9; <i>p</i> = 0.029). A significant positive correlation was found between ITV and baseline ISQ (<i>r</i> = 0.493, <i>p</i> < 0.001), but not with 90-day ISQ values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implant design (BL vs. TL) did not significantly influence ITV or ISQ. The finding of greater horizontal stability for TL implants at 90 days, while marginal, suggests a potential long-term biomechanical difference warranting further study. The dissociation between insertion torque and 90-day stability indicates that secondary stability is governed by factors beyond initial mechanical engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuspal Deflection and Marginal Adaptation in Premolars Restored with Low-Shrinkage Resin Composites.","authors":"Seda Gömleksiz","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1825875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate cuspal deflection and marginal adaptation in premolars restored with conventional and low-shrinkage resin composites (RCs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-six maxillary first premolars with standardized MOD cavities were randomly assigned to four groups (<i>n</i> = 14): Clearfil Majesty Posterior (CMP), Charisma Diamond (CHD), Beautifil II LS (BL), and Filtek Z550 (FZ). Cuspal deflection was measured using a digital micrometer as the linear distance between two reference points at baseline, 5 minutes, and 24 hours after restoration. Deflection values were calculated relative to the baseline. Three samples per group were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy to assess marginal adaptation.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics V23.0. Data distribution was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests were used according to data distribution, followed by appropriate post hoc tests. The significance level was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The amount of cuspal deflection at 5 minutes was greater than that observed at 24 hours in all groups. CMP, CHD, and BL showed lower cuspal deflection compared with FZ at all time intervals (<i>p</i> < 0.001). CMP exhibited the lowest cuspal deflection values, although no significant differences were found among the low-shrinkage RCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modifications in the organic matrix or material formulation of the RCs can contribute positively to the control of cuspal deflection and support improved marginal adaptation. The reduced cuspal movement produced by low-shrinkage RCs may increase the likelihood of clinical success by helping preserve restoration integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Shaping Performance of Four Thermally Treated Single-File Systems in Simulated S-Shaped Canals.","authors":"Hala Ahmad, Samar Akil, Yasser Alsayed Tolibah","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1825556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article aims to compare the shaping performance of four thermally treated single-file systems in simulated S: -shaped root canals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty standardized double-curved resin canals were randomly assigned to four groups (<i>n</i> = 15) and prepared using Plex RC-One (25/0.06), R-Motion (25/0.06), WaveOne Gold (25/0.07) in reciprocating motion, and XP-Endo Shaper (27/0.01) in continuous rotation. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were superimposed, and resin removal was measured at 12 predefined levels. Canal enlargement (diameter increase) and canal transportation were calculated for apical, middle, and coronal regions. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures linear mixed-effects models (LMM) to account for within-specimen dependency and level-specific effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight specimens were included in the final analysis; two R-Motion canals were excluded due to apical ledge formation. The repeated-measures LMM analysis demonstrated significant effects of instrumentation system (<i>p</i> = 0.002), canal level (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and group × point interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating level-dependent shaping behavior. WaveOne Gold demonstrated the greatest enlargement, whereas XP-Endo Shaper exhibited the most conservative shaping behavior, particularly in the coronal and middle regions. Canal transportation values were generally low for all systems. Although transportation patterns varied according to canal level (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and group × point interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.001), no significant overall intergroup differences were detected (<i>p</i> = 0.581).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All systems were capable of preparing S: -shaped canals with acceptable shaping ability and generally low canal transportation. However, shaping behavior was system- and region-dependent. WaveOne Gold demonstrated the greatest canal enlargement, whereas XP-Endo Shaper exhibited a more conservative shaping pattern while maintaining comparable apical enlargement. These findings suggest that shaping behavior in S: -shaped canals is highly site-specific and influenced by instrument design, metallurgy, and kinematics in double-curved anatomies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications and Maintenance of Mandibular Two-implant Overdentures: A 3-year Pilot Randomized Clinical Study of Bar-Locator Versus Bar-Ball Attachments.","authors":"Heba Wageh Abozaed, Rafif Alshenaiber, Rania E Bayoumi, Mohamed Kamal Eid","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This 3-year pilot randomized clinical study aimed to compare prosthetic complications and maintenance requirements of mandibular two-implant overdentures retained by bar-locator and bar-ball attachment systems.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 10 completely edentulous participants were randomly allocated to receive mandibular overdentures retained by either bar-locator (<i>n</i> = 5) or bar-ball (<i>n</i> = 5) attachment systems. All participants received new complete dentures before implant placement. Two implants were inserted in the inter-foraminal region and restored with the assigned bar-retained attachment. Prosthetic complications and maintenance events were recorded during scheduled follow-up visits over 3 years. Evaluated outcomes included retentive component wear, attachment separation, screw loosening, denture tooth and base complications, opposing prosthesis fractures, and relining requirements.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, independent samples t-tests, effect sizes, and confidence intervals were used for analysis, with emphasis placed on estimation rather than formal hypothesis testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were observed between attachment systems for individual prosthetic complications. Retentive component wear was the most common complication and occurred more frequently in the bar-locator group, whereas denture relining was more common in the bar-ball group. Although the mean number of complications per patient was higher with bar-locator attachments, the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, the large effect size suggested a potentially clinically meaningful increase in maintenance burden associated with bar-locator systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both attachment systems demonstrated frequent but manageable prosthetic complications over the 3-year follow-up period, with no statistically demonstrable superiority between designs within the limitations of this pilot study. Bar-locator attachments were associated mainly with retentive component wear, whereas bar-ball attachments showed greater relining requirements. No catastrophic mechanical failures were observed, supporting the clinical reliability of both systems. These preliminary findings may assist in the design and sample size estimation of future adequately powered clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway-centric Orthodontics: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Lubna Makki Hussein, Ammar Salim Kadhum","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Airway-centric orthodontics has been proposed as a conceptual framework that extends the traditional understanding of craniofacial development, functional disturbances, and orthodontic treatment outcomes beyond a purely dental perspective. This approach focuses on the potential interplay among upper airway characteristics, breathing patterns, and orofacial muscle function in influencing facial growth and occlusal relationships. This narrative review aims to outline the theoretical foundations of airway-centric orthodontics and to synthesize current evidence regarding the associations among upper airway characteristics, craniofacial morphology, and orthodontic interventions. A comprehensive search was conducted across major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and the Cochrane Library, with additional relevant publications identified through Google Scholar to ensure broader coverage of the available literature. Current evidence suggests associations among variations in nasal airflow, breathing patterns, pharyngeal airway constriction, and maxillofacial growth, which would result in class II patterns, vertical disproportions, and various developmental anomalies. Current evidence primarily supports morphologic airway changes following orthodontic and orthopedic interventions, particularly on CBCT-based assessment, whereas consistent functional respiratory improvements remain less clearly established. Although increasing evidence highlights the potential relevance of airway considerations in orthodontic diagnosis, existing findings are characterized by methodological heterogeneity and limited long-term data. Therefore, airway-related treatment effects should be interpreted with caution. Incorporating airway assessment into clinical evaluation may provide additional diagnostic insight; however, further well-designed longitudinal and three-dimensional studies are required to clarify the clinical significance and functional implications of these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum on Self-Reported Orthodontic Pain Associated with Stainless Steel Archwire Placement: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Joo Ming Cheong, Muhammad Izzat Noraziman, Muhammad Iqbal Zulkarnain, Mohamad Shafiq Mohd Ibrahim","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pain is the most prevalent adverse experience among orthodontic patients, especially following stainless steel (SS) archwire placement. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the short-term effects of chewing gum on self-reported pain, analgesic medication usage, and appliance breakages associated with the use of SS archwires.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-four female participants aged 20 to 40 years undergoing fixed appliance therapy were allocated in equal numbers to either the chewing gum (CG) or the control (NC) group. Participants in the CG group were instructed to chew sugar-free gum for a standardized duration of 5 minutes immediately after SS archwire placement, and to repeat this at 12-hour intervals over the subsequent 3 days. Self-reported pain was documented using a visual analogue scale at eight predefined time points: baseline (prior to SS archwire placement), immediately after placement (0 hours), and at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours. Analgesic consumption and orthodontic appliance breakages were recorded during the 3-day period. Changes in pain intensity across time and between groups were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures ANOVA (analysis of variance).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in the NC arm reported significantly greater pain levels than those allocated to the CG arm at 0, 12, and 24 hours following archwire placement. A significant main effect of group was observed (<i>p</i> = 0.023), with lower overall mean pain scores in the CG group (0.83 [standard error, SE: 0.31]) compared with the NC group (1.86 [SE: 0.30]), corresponding to a mean difference of -1.03 (95% confidence: -1.90 to -0.15). Pain levels in both groups peaked within the first 24 hours and declined thereafter over the 3-day period. Analgesic use and appliance-related breakages did not differ between groups during the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sugar-free CG may offer a modest analgesic benefit during the early post-placement period following SS archwire placement in female adult orthodontic patients, without influencing analgesic consumption or increasing the risk of appliance-related breakages.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}