Irene Sanita Lanny, Cendrawasih Andusyana Farmasyanti, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, Paramita Noviasari, Ananto Ali Alhasyimi
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Study into the Effect of Scar Tissue on the Displacement of the Maxillary Segments by Rapid Palatal Expansion in Unilateral Cleft Lip, Alveolus, and Palate.","authors":"Irene Sanita Lanny, Cendrawasih Andusyana Farmasyanti, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, Paramita Noviasari, Ananto Ali Alhasyimi","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1810017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1810017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scar tissue tension may potentially influence the effectiveness of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Comprehending the biomechanics of expansion appliances in individuals with UCLP is crucial in determining the suitable RPE design to rectify the asymmetric arch. This study used finite-element analysis (FEA) to investigate how scar contractures affect maxillary segments displacement during RPE in UCLP patients.A three-dimensional model of the maxilla was constructed from cone beam computed tomography images of an 11-year-old boy with UCLP who received RPE. ANSYS 2022 R2 software was employed to conduct FEA simulations with this model. Three forces were considered: expansion force, upper lip tension, and scar tension. Two simulation conditions were analyzed: a control scenario with only the expansion force and a second scenario with all three forces applied. Displacement was assessed in transversal (x-axis), vertical (y-axis), and sagittal (z-axis) directions at 14 reference points located across the palate and dentition.Both simulations exhibited similar patterns of maxillary displacement, but the magnitude of displacement was reduced when scar and lip tension were included. The minor segment exhibited a greater displacement than the major segment, with the largest movement occurring in the anterior region along the x- and z-axes, which gradually decreased posteriorly. The displacement pattern was as follows: x-axis > z-axis > y-axis for the major segment and z-axis > x-axis > y-axis for the minor segment.The FEA model demonstrated that RPE in UCLP produces an asymmetrical expansion with a pyramid-shaped displacement pattern. However, when scar tension from the palate and the upper lip is included, the extent of the segmental movement is reduced. These findings suggest that scar tissue tension may potentially influence the effectiveness of RPE in patients with UCLP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hoang Kim Loan, Hoang Viet Hai, Nguyen Anh Tung, Nguyen Manh Phu, Nguyen Minh Duc
{"title":"Treatment Outcomes of Temporomandibular Disorders Using Stabilization Splint Supported by the T-scan System.","authors":"Hoang Kim Loan, Hoang Viet Hai, Nguyen Anh Tung, Nguyen Manh Phu, Nguyen Minh Duc","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to evaluate the treatment outcomes of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) using stabilization splints (SS) supported by the T-scan system at Hanoi Medical University Hospital.A clinical, non-controlled intervention study was conducted from May 2023 to October 2024. A total of 36 patients (7 male, 29 female) diagnosed with TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) were included. All patients received treatment with stabilization splints, and the T-scan system (Tekscan, Norwood, MA, USA) was employed to assist in adjusting occlusal contacts and force distribution of the SS. Clinical outcomes, including pain scores (visual analog scale, VAS), mouth opening range (maximum comfortable opening, MCO), occlusal time (OT), and disocclusion time (DT), were recorded and compared at 1 and 3 months.Significant improvements in pain reduction and mouth opening were observed at both 1 and 3 months of treatment. The T-scan data showed a reduction in both OT and DT after 1 month.The use of stabilization splints supported by the T-scan system appears to be an effective treatment for TMD, significantly reducing pain and improving mouth opening range (MCO). Although the T-scan system provides valuable insights into occlusal contacts and force distribution, further controlled studies are needed to fully assess its role in optimizing occlusal adjustments during SS treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danya Hashem, Abeer Farag, Rania Zahran Mubarak, Amnah A Algarni, Nisreen Nabiel Hassan, Anfal Alqussier, Somaya Ali Saleh
{"title":"Student Self-Assessments in Clinical Operative Dentistry: Bridging Perception and Performance.","authors":"Danya Hashem, Abeer Farag, Rania Zahran Mubarak, Amnah A Algarni, Nisreen Nabiel Hassan, Anfal Alqussier, Somaya Ali Saleh","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809914","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1809914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Student self-assessment in operative dentistry plays a crucial role in the development of clinical skills and professional competence. This study aimed to investigate the agreement between students' self-assessment and faculty assessment in clinical operative dentistry and correlate this with the student's academic achievement and year of study.Data were collected from 126 female undergraduate 4th and 5th year dental students who conducted self-assessment of class II cavity preparations following minimal invasive principles and composite resin restorations on patients followed by evaluation by two calibrated and independent evaluators using a standardized rubric. Numerical data were presented as mean and standard deviation values. Agreement was analyzed using intra-class correlation coefficient and correlations were analyzed using Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient.For 4th-year students, there was no significant difference between students' self-assessment and faculty scores regarding retention form and shade matching (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while for other parameters students' self-assessment scores were significantly higher than faculty scores (<i>p</i> < 0.05). For 5th-year students, self-assessment scores were significantly higher within all parameters (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between academic achievement (written exam scores) and the self-assessment scores in the clinical exam (<i>p</i> > 0.05) of both academic years.Students from both 4th and 5th years of study tend to overestimate the assessment of their cavity preparations and restorations; however, there is no correlation between this and their level of academic achievement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patient Satisfaction and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Quadrilateral Bar versus Bilateral Linear Bar for Mandibular Implant Overdenture: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Heba Wageh Abozaed","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate four implant complete mandibular overdentures retained with different bar designs regarding patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).Twenty participants were selected for this study. Each participant received four implants in the mandibular canine and first molar regions. All patients were divided into two equal groups based on their bar designs: quadrilateral (group I) and bilateral linear (group II). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to quantify patient satisfaction, and OHRQoL was determined using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Three months later, the VAS and OHIP-14 questions were evaluated.For properly distributed data, continuous variables were shown as mean ± standard deviation. The Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test was used to compare the two groups. The significance criterion is set at the 5% level. When <i>p</i> < 0.05, the results were deemed significant.Patient satisfaction differs significantly between the two groups, as the quadrilateral bar designs enhance denture support and retention (<i>p</i> = 0.034*) and biting or chewing food (<i>p</i> = 0.019*). However, bilateral linear bar designs improve denture comfort (<i>p</i> = 0.014*) and hygiene practices (<i>p</i> = 0.007*). There were no significant variations between the two attachment designs in the remaining items of VAS and OHIP-14 questions, except that the bilateral linear bar configuration demonstrated higher scores in functional limitation (<i>p</i> = 0.02*).The quadrilateral bar demonstrated greater patient satisfaction than the bilateral linear bar regarding denture stability/retention and biting or chewing food. However, the bilateral linear bars increase patient satisfaction with denture comfort and the ease of hygienic procedures. Furthermore, regarding the functional limitations of the OHIP-14 questions, the bilateral linear bar provides higher scores than the quadrilateral ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niwut Juntavee, Apa Juntavee, Kesinee Rattanatussanee
{"title":"Flexural Strength and Radiodensity of Different Barium Sulfate-Containing Polymethyl Methacrylate Provisional Restorative Materials.","authors":"Niwut Juntavee, Apa Juntavee, Kesinee Rattanatussanee","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Provisional restoration fabricated from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) faces radiographic clarification due to its radiolucency. This study determined the appropriate radiodensity and strength of auto-polymerized PMMA (P) upon adding barium sulfate (B) at different concentrations.A total of 90 specimens (length × width × height = 30 × 12.5 × 2.0 mm) were prepared from P containing B at different ratios (volume %B): 5P-0B (0%), 4P-1B (20%), 3P-1B (25%), 2P-1B (33.3%), 1P-1B (50%), and 1P-2B (66.7%) (<i>n</i> = 15/group). Specimens were CBCT (cone-beam computed tomography)-scanned and their radiodensity measured in Hounsfield units (HU). A three-point bending test was used to determine flexural strength (σ).ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Tukey tests were used for analyzing significant differences in radiodensity and σ among groups (α = 0.05). The correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>) between radiodensity and σ was determined with the Spearman test.Radiodensity (HU) was intense in 1P-2B (1,080.28 ± 119.8) and softest in 5P-0B (-283.3 ± 73.8), whereas σ (MPa) was highest in 5P-0B (60.3 ± 15.2) and lowest in 1P-2B (15.9 ± 3.4). Significant differences in radiodensity among groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were indicated, except between 4P-1B/3P-1B/2P-1B and 2P-1B/1P-1B. Significant differences in σ among groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were indicated, except between 3P-1B/2P-1B and 1P-1B/1P-2B. Increasing amount of B intensified radiodensity, but diminished σ, with extreme negative correlation (<i>R</i> = -0.83).Radiodensity and σ were influenced by the amount of B addition. Raising B intensifies radiopacity but lessens σ. Adding B up to 25% provides adequate radiopacity and strength for provisional restorations for use in high-stress areas. However, adding B ≥33.3% provides better radiographic visibility but minimized strength, suggesting restorations in less-stress areas or other appliances, such as radiographic and surgical guides.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reghunathan S Preethanath, Wael I Ibraheem, Abdullah A Meshni, Tazeen Dawood, Mohammad Nazish Alam, Sukumaran Anil
{"title":"The Impact of Psychological Factors on Periodontitis in the Elderly: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Reghunathan S Preethanath, Wael I Ibraheem, Abdullah A Meshni, Tazeen Dawood, Mohammad Nazish Alam, Sukumaran Anil","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological factors and periodontitis are prevalent in geriatric populations, with evolving evidence suggesting potential associations. This systematic review comprehensively examines and evaluates the bidirectional relationship between psychological factors and periodontitis in older adults. Following PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches were conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The research question was structured using the PECO framework (P = older adults aged ≥ 60 years; E = presence of psychological factors; C = absence of psychological factors; O = periodontitis and its severity). Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria, followed by data extraction. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed risk of bias and methodological quality, while the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework determined evidence certainty. Of 475 studies identified, 13 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis (8 on depression, 3 on stress, 1 on cognitive impairment, and 1 on examining multiple factors). For depression-periodontitis associations, results were inconsistent: four studies demonstrated positive associations, three found no significant relationship, and one had unclear findings. All three studies investigating stress-periodontitis relationships showed positive associations, suggesting a more consistent connection. The single study on cognitive impairment found significant independent associations with periodontitis after controlling for confounders. Only one longitudinal study (<i>n</i> = 11,454) revealed increased periodontitis risk at both 6-month and 1-year follow-ups in older adults with depression. Based on Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ratings, seven studies were deemed high quality, three moderate quality, and one low quality. GRADE assessment indicated very low certainty of evidence across all psychological factors, primarily due to methodological heterogeneity. This systematic review indicates significant associations between periodontal disease severity and psychological factors, particularly stress and cognitive impairment, in older adults. These findings suggest the importance of integrating psychological assessment into geriatric oral healthcare. More longitudinal research is needed to establish causality and bidirectional relationships, especially in middle- and low-income countries with a rapidly growing geriatric population. Mental health considerations should be incorporated into prevention and treatment strategies for periodontal disease in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Sayed Ali Bayiumy, Mohamed AboElkasme Wakwak, Salem Abdel Hakim Salem, Mohammed Said AbdAllah AbuSamadah, Mahmoud El-Said Ahmed Abd El-Aziz, Yasser R Souror
{"title":"Evaluating the Influence of Ferrule Preparation on Zirconia Endocrown Efficacy in Primary Molars: A 3D Finite Element Analysis.","authors":"Ali Sayed Ali Bayiumy, Mohamed AboElkasme Wakwak, Salem Abdel Hakim Salem, Mohammed Said AbdAllah AbuSamadah, Mahmoud El-Said Ahmed Abd El-Aziz, Yasser R Souror","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article assesses the effect of different ferrule preparations on the stress distribution in the primary second molar restored with zirconia crown.Four finite element models were created to simulate different ferrule heights: M1 (0 mm), M2 (1 mm), M3 (1.5 mm), and M4 (2 mm). A lower primary second molar was scanned to create a solid model, which was imported into finite element analysis software. Simulations included varying ferrule heights, material properties, and meshing. Models were subjected to 330 N occlusal loads at vertical, oblique, and lateral angles.The analysis revealed that stress within the endocrown body increased with greater ferrule height under vertical loading. Conversely, stress levels decreased with increased ferrule height under oblique and lateral loads. Under vertical load, peak stresses were recorded as follows: endocrown body (219.5 MPa for M1), cement layer (11.7 MPa for M1 and M4), remaining tooth (36 MPa for M1), cortical bone (59.7 MPa for M1), and cancellous bone (8.7 MPa for M1 and M4). Under oblique load, stress values increased as follows: cement layer (62.9 MPa for M4), remaining tooth (59 MPa for M1), and endocrown body (203 MPa for M1). Under lateral load, stress values increased as follows: endocrown body (321 MPa for M1), cement layer (100 MPa for M4), remaining tooth (94 MPa for M1), cortical bone (154 MPa for M1), and cancellous bone (15 MPa for M1).Ferrule height significantly influences stress distribution in the tooth structure and supporting bone. Higher ferrule heights enhance structural stability by reducing stress on underlying components.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precision and Customization: The Role of 3D Printing in Modern Prosthodontics.","authors":"Haifa Beefathimathul","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1801276","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1801276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prosthodontics focuses on the design and fitting of dental prostheses. The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized this field by transitioning from labor-intensive methods to precise, computer-aided techniques. This review assesses the impact of 3D printing on prosthodontics, highlighting technological advancements, applications, clinical outcomes, and future directions. A literature review was conducted on recent advancements in 3D printing technologies and materials, focusing on their precision and customization capabilities in dental prostheses. 3D printing technologies such as fused deposition modelling, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, continuous liquid interface production, digital light processing, and material jetting offer high precision and customization, enhancing the creation of dental implants, crowns, bridges, removable prosthodontics, orthodontic devices, and maxillofacial prosthetics. 3D printing has improved the accuracy, efficiency, and customization of dental prostheses, leading to better patient outcomes. Multimaterial printing technologies like lithography-based ceramic manufacturing enable the integration of various materials in a single print, further advancing the field. Challenges such as material limitations, cost, and technical expertise remain, necessitating ongoing research and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"580-586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classifying Three-Wall Intrabony Defects from Intraoral Radiographs Using Deep Learning-Based Convolutional Neural Network Models.","authors":"Kanteera Piroonsan, Kununya Pimolbutr, Kallapat Tansriratanawong","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1791784","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1791784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong> Intraoral radiographs are used in periodontal therapy to understand interdental bony health and defects. However, identifying three-wall bony defects is challenging due to their variations. Therefore, this study aimed to classify three-wall intrabony defects using deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) models to distinguish between three-wall and non-three-wall bony defects via intraoral radiographs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong> A total of 1,369 radiographs were obtained from 556 patients who had undergone periodontal surgery. These radiographs, each featuring at least one area of intrabony defect, were categorized into 15 datasets based on the presence of three-wall or non-three-wall intrabony defects. We then trained six CNN models-InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, ResNet50V2, MobileNetV3Large, EfficientNetV2B1, and VGG19-using these datasets. Model performance was assessed based on the area under curve (AUC), with an AUC value ≥ 0.7 considered acceptable. Various metrics were thoroughly examined, including accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and F1 score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> In datasets excluding circumferential defects from bitewing radiographs, InceptionResNetV2, ResNet50V2, MobileNetV3Large, and VGG19 achieved AUC values of 0.70, 0.73, 0.77, and 0.75, respectively. Among these models, the VGG19 model exhibited the best performance, with an accuracy of 0.75, precision of 0.78, recall of 0.82, specificity of 0.67, NPV of 0.88, and an F1 score of 0.75.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> The CNN models used in the study showed an AUC value of 0.7 to 0.77 for classifying three-wall intrabony defects. These values demonstrate the potential clinical application of this approach for periodontal examination, diagnosis, and treatment planning for periodontal surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"721-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rania Lebbos, Naji Kharouf, Deepak Mehta, Jamal Jabr, Cynthia Kamel, Roula El Hachem, Youssef Haikel, Marc Krikor Kaloustian
{"title":"Effect of Apical Preparation Size and Preparation Taper on Smear Layer Removal Using Two Different Irrigation Needles: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.","authors":"Rania Lebbos, Naji Kharouf, Deepak Mehta, Jamal Jabr, Cynthia Kamel, Roula El Hachem, Youssef Haikel, Marc Krikor Kaloustian","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1791682","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1791682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong> The aim of this study was to determine the effect of apical preparation size and preparation taper on smear layer removal using a metallic needle and a new polymer needle (IrriFlex, Produits Dentaires SA \"PD,\" Vevey, Switzerland).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong> One hundred and eight single-rooted teeth with one canal were randomly divided into four groups according to the preparation and irrigation needle used: G1-30, 0.04 and IrriFlex (<i>n</i> = 25); G2-25, 0.06 and IrriFlex (<i>n</i> = 25); G3-30, 0.04 and metallic needle (<i>n</i> = 25); and G4-25, 0.06 and metallic needle (<i>n</i> = 25). All groups received the same final irrigation protocol and sonic activation. Each tooth was sectioned and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong> Data were statistically analyzed by using one-way and two-way analysis of variance on ranks with a significance level at <i>p</i> = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> For all groups, there was significantly higher smear layer in the apical third (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared with the coronal and middle thirds. The 25, 0.06 preparation demonstrated better cleaning efficiency than the 30, 0.04 preparation throughout the canal when irrigated with a metallic needle; however, there were no significant differences in the middle and apical thirds when IrriFlex was used. There were also no differences of smear layer removal between G1 and G3 and G2 and G4 in the coronal part. In the middle and apical parts, G1 showed better elimination of smear layer compared with G3. There were slight differences in the middle third between G2 and G4, while G2 showed less cleaning efficiency compared with G4 in the apical third (<i>p</i> = 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> All groups showed less smear layer in the middle and coronal thirds of the canal compared with the apical third. The 25, 0.06 preparation was more effective in removing smear layer compared with the 30, 0.04 preparation. IrriFlex improved irrigation in the 30, 0.04 preparation, while its efficacy was less evident in the 25, 0.06 preparation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"678-687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}