European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Carbonate Apatite-Bovine Gelatin Scaffolds for Endodontic Regeneration: A Lyophilization-Based Approach.","authors":"Ratih Widyasari, Arief Cahyanto, Sunardhi Widyaputra, Arif Rachman","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The challenge of endodontic regeneration requires scaffold that can facilitate dentin and pulp regeneration by providing structural support and promoting initial cell adherence to regenerate new tissue. This study explores characterization of a novel carbonate apatite-bovine gelatin (CA-BG) scaffold for endodontic regeneration that was fabricated using a lyophilization technique. CA, recognized for its biocompatibility and osteoconductive capabilities as a scaffold, was expected to provide structural support in complex biological environments such as pulp tissues. BG, a natural polymer with cell attachment substrates, was incorporated into the scaffold to enhance bioactivity, promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.Scaffolds were fabricated with varying liquid-to-powder (L/P) ratios (0.5, 0.8, and 1) using freeze drying, and then their chemical and structural properties were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of carbonate and phosphate groups, with slight peak shifts indicating CA-BG interaction. XRD analysis showed crystallinity differences, which were affected by the liquid ratio in each group. SEM results demonstrated that the L/P 1 scaffold exhibited surface roughness, which is expected to represent BG incorporation to CA. The L/P 1 scaffold was identified as the optimal candidate, balancing bioactivity and structural properties, to be able to promote dentin and pulp tissue regeneration.The findings contribute significantly to developing biocompatible, bioactive scaffolds for endodontic regeneration and broader tissue engineering applications, offering insights to achieve a balance between a scaffold structure and its biological functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Physical Properties of Three Different Tricalcium Silicate Cements: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Nandini Devi M, Ganesh Jeevanandan, Prabhadevi C Maganur, Hammam Ahmed Bahammam, Suman Panda, Ather Ahmed Syed, Satish Vishwanathaiah","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium trisilicate materials, including biodentine, are popular choices for dental restorations owing to their biocompatibility. However, their compressive strength often falls short of ideal levels for certain restorative procedures. This research investigates the new biodentine formulation in the market, augmented with barium oxide to improve compressive strength and examines its physical characteristics.Three distinct material groups were subjected to compressive strength testing. Group A comprised mineral trioxide aggregate (white MTA, Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), group B consisted of biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France), and group C featured the new commercially available biodentine formulation in the market, Kedo Bio D+ (Kedo Dental, Chennai, India). A universal testing machine was employed to conduct the compressive strength tests under standardized conditions.Across all time intervals, group C consistently displayed the highest average compressive strength, followed by group B, while group A showed the lowest values. The differences in compressive strength between the three groups were statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.001) after 7 days. The new biodentine formulation in group C withstood the highest maximum force, approximately 1,639 N, emphasizing its superior compressive strength compared with the other materials.This study demonstrated that the incorporation of barium oxide in Bio D+ formulation significantly enhanced its compressive strength compared with conventional biodentine and MTA. Kedo Bio D+ exhibited superior mechanical properties, making it a promising material for dental restorations requiring increased strength and durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cariogenic Enamel Demineralization Prevention, Detection, and Management: A Literature Review.","authors":"Rahaf Zawawi, Naif Almosa","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental caries is the most common oral disease, often resulting from complex and multifactorial interactions among cariogenic bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and host factors. Prevention is essential for reducing its incidence and can be achieved by maintaining a balanced diet and practicing good oral hygiene. Early detection of initial carious lesions, such as enamel demineralization, is essential for preventing progression and enabling effective management. Currently, there are various methods available for detecting dental caries, ranging from simple visual inspections to advanced imaging techniques, along with fluorescent and electrical detection methods, which are also instrumental in identifying lesions before they advance to more severe stages. Management strategies for enamel demineralization can vary from conservative methods, such as the use of remineralizing agents, to more invasive treatments. Herein, this article provides a comprehensive review of established and emerging approaches for preventing, detecting, and managing enamel demineralization for health care providers to take proactive steps toward improving oral health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Combination of Graphene and Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Enhancing Bone Mineralization and Hydroxyapatite.","authors":"Silvia Anitasari, Nataniel Tandirogang, Hendrik Setia Budi, Yung-Kang Shen, Hadi Irawiraman, Marut Tangwattanachuleeporn","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating varying concentrations of graphene (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 wt%) into polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds on mineralization and hydroxyapatite formation for bone tissue engineering applications.PCL scaffolds were fabricated with three different graphene concentrations: 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 wt%. The scaffolds underwent characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to assess chemical composition and mineralization. Radiological imaging was employed to evaluate structural integrity and mineral density over a 21-day period. Additionally, histology analysis was performed to assess cellular interactions and scaffold integration.FTIR analysis on day 7 indicated early mineralization across all scaffolds, evidenced by phosphate (∼1030 cm^-1) and hydroxyl (∼3500 cm^-1) peaks, suggesting initial hydroxyapatite deposition. By day 21, the 2.5 wt% graphene scaffold demonstrated the highest degree of mineralization, with significantly increased hydroxyapatite formation compared with the other groups. However, this scaffold also exhibited signs of degradation, implying that higher graphene concentrations might compromise long-term scaffold stability. The 1.5 wt% graphene scaffold showed consistent mineralization and favorable osteoconductivity but did not reach the mineral deposition levels observed in the 2.5 wt% group.Incorporating graphene into PCL scaffolds enhances mineralization and hydroxyapatite formation, with the 2.5 wt% concentration achieving the most substantial effects. The 2.5 wt% graphene scaffold presents a balanced alternative, promoting steady mineralization and maintaining structural integrity, making it a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Hydroxyapatite as a Bone Implant Biomaterial for Triggering Osteogenesis.","authors":"Yusuf Alif Pratama, Honey Dzikri Marhaeny, Fani Deapsari, Aniek Setiya Budiatin, Mahardian Rahmadi, Andang Miatmoko, Muhammad Taher, Junaidi Khotib","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, the occurrence of bone defects has seen a notable rise. In both developed and developing nations, their prevalence tends to increase in parallel with population density and levels of physical activity. Various therapeutic approaches have been implemented to address bone fractures, focusing on preventing infections, promoting faster healing, and restoring normal bone function. Among these, bone grafting-a surgical technique involving the use of biomaterials-remains a widely utilized method for bone replacement. This review aims to identify biomaterials that have biocompatibility with bone, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties so that they can trigger good osteogenesis. This review is based on a compilation of publications from various databases related to factors affecting the process of bone ossification. This study also evaluates the characteristics of hydroxyapatite biomaterials that play a role in inducing osteogenesis. The phosphate/calcium ratio close to 1.67, porosity in the range of 40 to 60%, pore diameter of 200 to 900 nm, and crystallinity of 40 to 60% will help the osteogenesis to perform well. The results of this study highlight the advantages of hydroxyapatite in terms of its osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteointegrative properties, which can trigger osteogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Salivary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Clinical Severity of Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.","authors":"Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas, Fatimah Fauzi Basalamah, Gisela Lalita Brahmanikanya, Fatma Yasmin Mahdani, Adiastuti Endah Parmadiati, Desiana Radithia, Diah Savitri Ernawati, Madhu Shrestha, Ulinta Purwati Pasaribu, Satutya Wicaksono","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is the most common side effect of radiotherapy (RT) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the multistep pathogenesis of RIOM. However, the current understanding of the relationship between salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and the clinical severity of RIOM remains limited. This study aims to analyze the correlation between salivary oxidative stress biomarkers and the clinical severity of RIOM.This cross-sectional study analyzed the levels of salivary oxidative stress biomarkers from 25 HNC patients who underwent RT using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the clinical grades of RIOM in the cohort. The data were then analyzed using the Spearman's correlation statistical test (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05).The findings demonstrated a significant correlation between salivary glutathione levels (<i>r</i>: -0.396; <i>p</i>: 0.050), superoxide dismutase levels (<i>r</i>: -0.447; <i>p</i>: 0.025), malondialdehyde levels (<i>r</i>: 0.479; <i>p</i>: 0.015), and lactate dehydrogenase levels (<i>r</i>: 0.460; <i>p</i>: 0.025) with the clinical severity of RIOM.The higher salivary oxidative stress correlates with higher severity of RIOM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations Driving the Future of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Part I: The Technological Leap in Maxillofacial Rehabilitation.","authors":"Mostafa I Fayad, Mohamed Ashour Ahmed, Marwa Kothayer, Mona M Aboelnagga, Emad El Said Fahim Essa, Osama Abu-Hammad, Rania Moussa","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maxillofacial prosthetics is a specialized field focused on replacing part or all of the facial and cranial structures. In recent years, digital technology has gained popularity over traditional methods for fabricating maxillofacial prostheses. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of recent innovations in maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation, with an emphasis on emerging technologies and their impact on patient outcomes, treatment efficiency, and overall quality of life.A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL databases for studies published in English within the last decade. The keywords utilized included \"Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implantation,\" \"Maxillofacial Prosthesis,\" and \"rehabilitation,\" as well as \"Virtual Rehabilitation,\" \"Artificial intelligence,\" and \"digital technology.\" The initial search yielded 178 articles. After resolving 51 duplicates, 127 articles were screened based on titles and abstracts. Following full-text assessment, 81 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.The results indicated that advancements in digital technologies, digital imaging, data acquisition, and the integration of digital workflows have significantly transformed the rehabilitation of maxillofacial prosthetics. These innovations enabled customization and personalization, provided an improved fit, enhanced precision, reduced number of visits and chair time, and facilitated seamless rehabilitation of complex maxillofacial defects. Four-dimensional printing involves materials that can change shape or properties over time, enabled printed objects to adapt dynamically to external stimuli, enhancing both comfort and functionality of prosthetics. Further advancements, such as five-dimensional and six-dimensional printing, improved the sensory capabilities of prostheses. Virtual and augmented reality enhance real-world experiences by overlaying digital data, improving accuracy and fit, enabling virtual surgical planning, and developing patient-specific implants. Artificial intelligence (AI) assists automated decision-making and supports the design of AI-driven prostheses. AI algorithms have shown the potential to automate digital planning, replicate intricate anatomical features, and attain high diagnostic accuracy in maxillofacial prosthodontic scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology of Dental Anxiety and Dental Phobia: Review.","authors":"Agnieszka Piechal, Edyta Siekierska, Kamilla Blecharz-Klin","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the etiology of dental anxiety, a common yet often overlooked condition in dental practice. Ranging from mild discomfort to severe dental phobia, dental anxiety significantly affects a patient's ability to receive necessary care. Despite its prevalence, it remains underexplored in scientific research, leading to inadequate treatment and insufficient attention. Understanding the factors behind dental anxiety is crucial for prevention and for providing effective psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions.The review was based on a comprehensive search of several scientific databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source. Predefined keywords, such as \"Dental Anxiety,\" \"Dental Phobia,\" and \"Etiology,\" were used to ensure broad coverage of relevant studies. The factors contributing to dental anxiety are multifactorial and involve both internal and external influences. Internal factors, such as genetic predispositions and central nervous system dysfunctions, interact with external influences, including personal experiences, negative past dental encounters, and environmental stimuli. Demographic factors, such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status, along with personal characteristics like temperament and coping mechanisms, further contribute to the development of anxiety.Previous negative dental experiences and self-reported poor oral health exacerbate anxiety, increasing the likelihood of developing dental phobia, which often results in care avoidance. This avoidance worsens oral health, resulting in conditions such as caries and periodontal disease, and significantly diminishes the quality of life. Addressing dental anxiety is critical for improving patient cooperation and ensuring better long-term oral health outcomes. A more comprehensive understanding of dental anxiety will help identify at-risk patients early, prevent severe forms of dental phobia, and ensure dental care is accessible to all individuals.In conclusion, dental anxiety is a multifactorial issue that impacts access to dental care and overall oral health. The most significant factor contributing to dental anxiety is trauma associated with previous dental procedures. Expanding the understanding of its causes enables dental professionals to identify at-risk patients and develop tailored interventions. By addressing anxiety early and adopting evidence-based strategies, dental professionals can reduce the prevalence of dental anxiety and improve patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of Collagen-Chitosan Hydrogel and Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration: Characterization and Growth Factor Release Pattern.","authors":"Dharmmesti Anindita Wijayanti, Gusti Ngurah Komang Agus Wirajaya, Nuansa Hanum Pratiwi, Vincensia Maria Karina, Kwartarini Murdiastuti","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The release of growth factors in injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) exhibits a peak within 24 hours and subsequent decline by day 10, underscoring immediate application, limiting its effectiveness in alveolar bone repair. In order to enhance its regenerative potential, I-PRF can be combined with biomaterial scaffolds such as collagen-chitosan hydrogels, which mimic the extracellular matrix and support tissue regeneration. This combination has been shown to enhance cellular signaling and tissue repair. This study aimed to analyze the characterization of collagen-chitosan hydrogels with I-PRF and determine the growth factor release pattern that occurs after mixing.Collagen-chitosan hydrogels were prepared and combined with I-PRF at a 1:1 ratio. The structural characterization of these hydrogels, both with and without I-PRF, was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), enabling the comparison of absorption bands. Furthermore, the release profiles of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB) were assessed in two experimental groups: The first group consisted of I-PRF alone, while the second group comprised of I-PRF combined with collagen-chitosan hydrogels. Growth factor release was evaluated at multiple time points (days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The resulting absorbance values were converted into concentration measurements (pg/mL) using a standard calibration curve. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way analysis of variance followed by a <i>post hoc</i> least significant difference test.FTIR analysis demonstrated that the functional groups present in the collagen-chitosan hydrogel remained unchanged following the incorporation of I-PRF, confirming the formation of physical rather than chemical bonds. Subsequent analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the release patterns of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB between the two groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The combination of collagen-chitosan hydrogel and I-PRF exhibited a more stable and sustained release profile from day 1 to day 17.The combination of I-PRF with collagen-chitosan hydrogels does not alter the fundamental chemical structure of the scaffold. However, this combination does influence the controlled release of growth factors. This finding indicates that the synergistic interaction between collagen and chitosan enhances the hydrogel's properties, suggesting its potential as a promising biomaterial for use as a scaffold in bone regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Varying Sintering Speed on Optical Characteristics Alteration of Different Yttria-Doped Monochromatic Partially Stabilized Zirconia: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Atthasit Boonbanyen, Niwut Juntavee, Apa Juntavee","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sintering influences the color of zirconia. This study assessed the influence of varying sintering rates on optical characteristics of 3, 4, and 5 mol% yttria (Y) containing monochromatic zirconia.A total of 135 bar specimens (width × length × thickness = 11.2 × 20 × 1.5 mm) were prepared from monochromatic 3Y, 4Y, and 5Y zirconia, and randomly sintered at regular (RS: 10°C/min), fast (FS: 35°C/min), and speed (SS: 70°C/min) sintering rate (<i>n</i> = 15/group). Translucency parameter (TP₀₀), contrast ratio (CR), opalescence parameter (OP), and color difference (∆E₀₀) were evaluated with the CIEL*a*b* system. Microstructure, crystalline [monoclinic (m), tetragonal (t), and cubic (c)] phases, and surface roughness (Ra) were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and three-dimensional digital microscopy.Analysis of variance and Bonferroni comparisons were determined for significant differences (<i>α</i> = 0.05).Significant differences in TP₀₀, CR, OP, and ∆E₀₀ upon zirconia types and sintering rates were indicated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant increasing TP₀₀, whereas decreasing CR and OP was shown upon increasing the Y content (5Y > 4Y > 3Y), and speeding sintering (SS ≅ FS > RS). Significant increasing ∆E₀₀ upon increasing the Y content (5Y > 4Y > 3Y) was shown but was within an acceptable threshold (∆E₀₀ ≤ 1.8). Ra was higher for 3Y > 4Y > 5Y. SEM indicated a larger grain for 5Y > 4Y > 3Y. XRD indicated higher <i>t</i>-phase in 3Y, whereas higher <i>c</i>-phase in 5Y.Increasing translucency, whereas reducing contrast and opalescence were affected by the amount of Y content (5Y > 4Y > 3Y) and speeding sintering rate (SS ≅ FS > RS). Increasing color alteration was affected by the amount of Y content (5Y > 4Y > 3Y), but was within acceptable limits, suggesting rapid sintering rate to achieve better optical characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}