European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Temporomandibular Disorders Diagnosis: Current Challenges and the Promising Role of Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Tahani Mohammed Binaljadm, Redhwan Saleh Al-Gabri, Samah Saker, Hanan Omar AboAlrejal, Musab Hamed Saeed, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1816081","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1816081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal and joint-related conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and associated structures. They are among the most common causes of non-dental orofacial pain and functional impairment, significantly affecting quality of life. Despite advances in assessment and the development of standardized diagnostic systems such as the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD) and Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), accurate diagnosis remains difficult due to the multifactorial nature of TMDs, variability in symptoms, and subjectivity in pain reporting. Diagnostic accuracy is further limited by interexaminer variability, symptom overlap with other orofacial pain conditions, and restricted access to advanced imaging techniques. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms can process complex imaging, clinical, and psychosocial data to improve diagnostic accuracy, consistency, and efficiency. AI-assisted imaging has shown strong performance in detecting disc displacement, degenerative changes, and other TMJ abnormalities, while predictive models based on symptoms, wearable sensors, and AI-driven decision-support tools are broadening diagnostic capabilities. This review summarizes current challenges in TMD diagnosis and highlights the growing role of AI in this field. Integrating AI technologies with established frameworks such as the DC/TMD may enable more objective, data-driven, and personalized diagnostic approaches. Ongoing interdisciplinary research, clinical validation, and ethical implementation are crucial for realizing AI's potential to transform TMD diagnosis and enhance patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1064-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Prediabetes on Bone Metabolism and Healing in Orthognathic Surgery: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Suchanon Siriwechadaruk, Warit Powcharoen, Kanich Tripuwabhrut, Napatsorn Imerb","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1820502","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1820502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Prediabetes, defined by impaired glucose regulation, is an increasingly prevalent metabolic disorder with implications beyond glycemic control. Its impact on bone remodeling and healing is gaining attention, particularly in orthognathic surgery. This narrative review aimed to map the current evidence regarding the impact of prediabetes on bone healing, metabolic markers, and surgical outcomes in orthognathic surgery. A comprehensive literature search was performed (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) up to January 2025, yielding 32 eligible studies. Emerging data suggest that prediabetes may influence bone homeostasis through insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. These changes may attenuate the systemic acceleratory phenomenon observed after surgical trauma, potentially delaying bone healing. However, current evidence is limited by significant assay heterogeneity, varying temporal sampling windows, and a lack of prospective surgical trials. While not as severe as overt diabetes, prediabetes constitutes an underrecognized but important risk factor in the perioperative management of orthognathic surgery patients. Future research should prioritize standardized prospective trials to establish evidence-based guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1039-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Different Cleaning Protocols on the Optical and Morphological Properties of 3D-Printed Aligners After In Vitro Aging.","authors":"Ibrahim Yawoz Abdulkarim, Sara M Al-Mashhadany","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1813031","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1813031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In-house printing of clear aligners (CAs) may represent a new revolution in CA therapy, providing a solution for the several limitations associated with indirect manufacturing. This study compared the changes in surface roughness and light transmittance (T%) of directly printed (DP) and thermoformed (TF) CAs after exposure to <i>in vitro</i> aging and different cleaning methods.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 48 aligners were fabricated using either multilayer thermoplastic polyurethane (CA Pro + , Scheu Dental; Iserlohn, Germany) or direct three-dimensional-printed resin (Tera Harz TC-85, Graphy; Seoul, Korea). CAs were aged <i>in vitro</i> (thermocycling and artificial saliva) and cleaned for 14 days with the following methods: Polident tablets, an electric toothbrush, Pril dish soap, an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and distilled water. Subsequently, alterations in surface roughness and T% were investigated using atomic force microscopy and spectrophotometry, respectively. This study was conducted from January to July 2025 at the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, with additional laboratory work at the University of Technology/Ministry of Science and Technology.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent <i>t</i>-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and post hoc tests (Tukey's honestly significant difference or Games-Howell).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the DP aligners, the TF aligners presented greater T% under all conditions, with the highest T% in the as-received condition. The TF and DP aligners showed the lowest T% in ultrasonic cleaning and control conditions, respectively. When excluding the as-received group, most cleaning methods showed statistically significant differences in T%. The surface roughness of the TF aligners was consistently lower than that of the DP aligners, with significant differences observed between the Polident and control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cleaning methods altered the optical and morphological properties of both aligners. Customized cleaning methods are required for CAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1244-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145780446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory Investigation of Biaxial Flexural Strength and Fracture Characteristics of 3D-Printed Leucite-Reinforced BisGMA/TEGDMA Composites.","authors":"Chibuzo Emmanuel Nlemorisa, Stanley C Onwubu","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1813750","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1813750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The mechanical properties of 3D-printed dental resin materials are critical for their clinical success. Unfilled resin materials used in 3D printing for dental applications often exhibit reduced biaxial flexural strengths (BFSs) due to differences in material composition and printing processes. This article aims to evaluate and compare the BFS and fractographic characteristics of SLA-printed unfilled resin (UR) and composite (C) materials, and to identify factors influencing their mechanical properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two experimental groups were fabricated: an unfilled resin group (URG) and a leucite-reinforced composite group (CG; 35 wt% filler). The filler percentage is in an attempt to explore the possibility of slightly surpassing an already 3D printed 30 wt% ceramic composite concentrate-resin. Disc-shaped specimens (<i>n</i> = 20 per group) were printed using SLA and post-cured according to the manufacturer's recommendations. BFS was measured using the ball-on-ring test. Weibull analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess strength reliability and fracture features. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the crystalline phase of the leucite filler against International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) standards. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons were conducted after confirming data normality and homogeneity of variances at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>XRD analysis confirmed the presence of tetragonal potassium aluminum silicate (leucite) phase, aligning with ICDD reference codes. The mean BFS of the URG (228.83 MPa) was significantly higher than that of the CG (91.62 MPa). The URG exhibited brittle fracture with various hackle markings and minimal phase delamination, indicative of high flexibility and energy absorption due to increased TEGDMA ratio. The CG showed lower BFS values, with fractographic features such as porosities, minor filler particle agglomeration, and phase delamination due to settling filler particles. SEM images revealed a homogeneous distribution of filler particles in CG but also showed micro-cracks and voids that compromised its mechanical integrity. Weibull analysis revealed a higher Weibull modulus for URG (10.26) compared with CG (5.48), indicating more consistent mechanical performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The URG showed significantly higher BFS than the CG, likely due to greater elastic deformation and energy absorption from its higher TEGDMA content. In contrast, the CG's lower BFS was linked to porosity and filler particle settling during printing. SEM analysis revealed challenges in achieving uniform filler distribution and adequate curing. Future studies should focus on optimizing filler properties, conversion rates, and incorporating nanofillers to enhance the flexural strength of 3D-printed dental composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1127-1135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145984823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Dentin Remineralization and Tubule Occlusion Using Titanium Dioxide-Doped Phosphate Glass and Diode Laser: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Dawood Alshetiwi, Ahmad Alkhalaf, Abdulwahab Alkhamees, Mohammad A Mohammad, Naser Alotaibi, Saaid Al Shehadat, Ensanya A Abou Neel","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1814463","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1814463","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Titanium dioxide-doped phosphate glass (TDPG) is silica-free with enhanced chemical stability and ion release properties that could help in dentin remineralization. There is no evidence, however, regarding whether diode laser irradiation can enhance the clinical performance of TDPG paste in this regard. This article aims to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of the combined use of TDPG paste and diode laser in occluding dentinal tubules, promoting dentin remineralization, and resisting acid challenge in comparison to a commercially available fluoride-containing NuPro prophy paste.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This article aims to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of the combined use of TDPG paste and diode laser in occluding dentinal tubules, promoting dentin remineralization, and resisting acid challenge in comparison to a commercially available fluoride-containing NuPro prophy paste.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Seventy mid-coronal dentin discs were prepared from extracted human premolar and molar teeth and randomly distributed into seven groups (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10): sound dentin (control), etched dentin (negative control), etched dentin + diode laser, TDPG, TDPG + diode laser, NuPro, and NuPro + diode laser. Treatments were applied accordingly, followed by a 6% citric acid challenge to assess acid resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) were used to evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion and quantify mineral content [phosphate (960 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and carbonate (1,070 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)] before and after the acid challenge, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;SEM analysis showed incomplete tubules' occlusion with TDPG and a more uniform surface coverage with NuPro. Laser irradiation improved surface sealing for both materials. After the acidic challenge, NuPro + laser demonstrated better surface integrity, while TDPG + laser showed moderate resistance. RS revealed a significant reduction in the intensity of the phosphate peak after acid exposure in the NuPro groups, particularly with laser (45.8 and 48.9%, respectively), despite the initial high intensity in comparison to a reduction of 1.8% in the TDPG + laser group. TDPG-treated groups demonstrated increased phosphate and carbonate intensities post-acid challenge. Carbonate intensity followed similar trends, confirming greater acid resistance of TDPG formulations compared with NuPro.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;TDPG paste demonstrated a more chemically stable remineralization process, while NuPro prophy paste achieved better surface integrity after acidic challenge when used with a diode laser, but laser-induced damage in the form of microcracks was evident. The use of diode lasers may enhance the interaction and penetration of desensitizing agents, although compatibility with material composition must be improved for long-term performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical significance: &lt;/strong&gt;For imme","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1253-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Biphasic Hydroxyapatite/Calcium Sulfate Blocks via Hydrothermal Partial Phase Transformation for Bone Substitutes.","authors":"Sunarso Sunarso, Gita Andani Pradana, Syifaa Sagakirana, Ellyza Herda, Azizah Intan Pangesty","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1816076","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1816076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article aims to fabricate, characterize, and evaluate the mechanical strength and cytotoxicity of biphasic hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate (HA/CS) blocks using partial hydrothermal conversion of gypsum blocks.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Gypsum blocks were immersed in Na₃PO₄ solution under hydrothermal conditions at 150 °C for 6, 12, and 24 hours, denoted as 6-HA/CS, 12-HA/CS, and 24-HA/CS, respectively. After that, the phase composition was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Diametral tensile strength (DTS), solubility in Tris-HCl buffer, and cytotoxicity on cell cultures were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hydrothermal treatment produced biphasic HA/CS with increasing hydroxyapatite content. All HA/CS groups exhibited a significant reduction in DTS (∼0.5-0.7 MPa) compared with gypsum (2.06 MPa; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Solubility was lower in HA/CS than in gypsum (206.15 mg/L), with the 24-HA/CS group showing the lowest value (94.70 mg/L). Cytotoxicity testing demonstrated cell viability above 70% for all groups, meeting ISO standards of non-cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Partial hydrothermal conversion of gypsum block successfully produced biphasic HA/CS with tunable phase composition, reduced solubility, and acceptable cytotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1339-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Image Behind the Algorithm.","authors":"Reinhilde Jacobs, Rellyca Sola Gracea, Dhanaporn Papasratorn","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825554","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1023-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Periodontal Status and Prognosis in Men with Prostatitis: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.","authors":"Javier Flores-Fraile, Pablo Ortíz de Urbina Comerón, Pedro Molinero-Mourelle, Luca Fiorillo, Cosimo Galletti, Andrea Roccuzzo, María Fernanda Lorenzo Gómez","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812498","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1812498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prostatitis is the most prevalent urological condition in young adult men and may progress to prostate cancer, representing a significant public health concern. A high prevalence of inflammatory prostate disorders exists without a clearly identifiable cause. This article aimed to investigate the potential association between periodontal status and prognosis in men diagnosed with prostatitis and to evaluate whether oral health influences urological treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted on 172 adult patients with prostatitis who provided written informed consent. Participants were assigned to two groups based on bleeding index (BI): Group A (GA, <i>n</i> = 84), BI >7%, and Group B (GB, <i>n</i> = 88), BI ≤7%. All subjects underwent comprehensive periodontal assessment and nonsurgical periodontal therapy, with follow-up at 30 and 120 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, GA showed significantly greater probing depths on proximal surfaces and higher BI values than GB (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Posttreatment, BI improved significantly in both groups, although GA maintained higher residual bleeding (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Mean posttreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels did not differ significantly between groups; however, PSA decreases occurred more frequently in GB (61.5%) than in GA (28.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.039), while PSA increases were more common in GA (57.1% vs. 15.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Overall, 29.4% of patients exhibited lower PSA levels after periodontal therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While no direct association was found between periodontal status and absolute posttreatment PSA values, healthier periodontal conditions were linked to more favorable PSA trends. These findings suggest that periodontal health may contribute to PSA stability in men with prostatitis. Larger, longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify potential mechanistic links between oral and prostatic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1109-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145780467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensional Accuracy and Clinical Fitness of Customized 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Block Grafts in Alveolar Ridge Augmentation.","authors":"Pichaya Mekcha, Faungchat Thammarakcharoen, Jintamai Suwanprateeb, Lucy Di Silvio, Borvornwut Buranawat","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812864","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1812864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article evaluates the feasibility of manufacturing customized three-dimensional (3D)-printed hydroxyapatite (3DHA) bone block grafts using binder jetting for alveolar ridge augmentation prior to implant placement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the alveolar ridge from eight patients with horizontal ridge defects were converted to STL files to generate 3D models. These models were used to design and fabricate patient-specific 3DHA bone block grafts using binder jetting. The 3D-printed grafts underwent micro-CT (μCT) scanning, generating μSTL files, which were compared with the original computer-aided design models using inspection software. Dimensional accuracy in three axes (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>z</i>) and discrepancies between the 3DHA grafts and ridge defect geometries were assessed. The 3DHA grafts were clinically evaluated for effectiveness in augmenting alveolar ridge defects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Percentage relative differences between the original STL files and those from μCT were -2.72, -7.24, and -3.26% for width, length, and height, respectively. Root mean square deviation was 0.19 ± 0.04 mm overall, -0.22 ± 0.25 mm for the margin area, -0.08 ± 0.18 mm for the inner area, and 0.03 ± 0.11 mm for the contour. Mean gap distances at the defect site were 0.19 ± 0.22 mm (marginal) and 0.37 ± 0.12 mm (internal), which are within clinical acceptable ranges. Clinical application showed no need for intraoperative graft adjustment. At 6 months postaugmentation, bone volume increased from 164.4 ± 37.87 mm³ (initial μCT) to 169.2 ± 39.38 mm³ (follow-up CBCT), though this change was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.0538). The mean dimensional change was 0.30 ± 0.14 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this pilot study, 3DHA bone block grafts demonstrated acceptable dimensional accuracy and were successfully used for alveolar ridge augmentation, indicating their potential for patient-specific applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1233-1243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145539808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Microbiome Differences in Stunted and Healthy Children: A Metagenomic Analysis.","authors":"Nila Kasuma, Haria Fitri, Reno Wiska Wulandari, Gian Ernesto, Dinda Ratna Juwita, Muhammad Dzaky Sayyid Effendi, Thifla Rafifa Wirza","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1814094","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1814094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare the composition and diversity of the salivary microbiome in stunted and nonstunted children using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the relationship between nutritional status and oral microbiota.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 20 saliva samples were collected from children aged 6 to 10 years, comprising two groups: stunted (<i>n</i> = 10) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 10). Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Bioinformatics analysis included taxonomic assignment, calculation of relative abundance, α diversity (using Shannon and Simpson indices), β diversity (UniFrac-based principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA]), and differential abundance testing using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dominant phyla in both groups were <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, and <i>Bacteroidota</i>, with <i>Proteobacteria</i> being more prevalent in the stunted group. At the genus level, <i>Neisseria</i> and <i>Veillonella</i> were more abundant in stunted children. Notably, <i>Veillonella</i> was significantly elevated in the stunted group (28.6%) compared with controls (14.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.0376). Alpha diversity indices revealed a higher diversity trend in the stunted group, although this difference was not statistically significant (Shannon, <i>p</i> = 0.130; Simpson, <i>p</i> = 0.762). Beta diversity analysis revealed no considerable clustering between groups (PERMANOVA <i>p</i> > 0.05), indicating moderate interindividual variability but no clear group separation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with stunted growth demonstrated distinct microbial signatures in their salivary microbiota, particularly in the increased abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Veillonella</i>, suggesting a potential link between chronic undernutrition and oral microbial dysbiosis. These findings underscore the need for additional studies to investigate the impact of nutritional status on oral and systemic health through the microbiome axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1297-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146009402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}