European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Effects of In-office Bleaching Agents on Mechanical Behavior, Surface Morphology, and Color Stability of Contemporary Resin Composites: A Comparative In Vitro Investigation.","authors":"Abdullah Alshehri, Rania E Bayoumi, Ali Robaian, Heba Wageh Abozaed, Saleh Alhindi, Ahmed A AlMokhatieb, AlWaleed Abushanan, Tamer M Hamdy","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The increasing demand for aesthetic dental treatments has led to widespread use of resin composites and in-office bleaching procedures. This study evaluated the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching on the surface roughness, microhardness, wear, and color stability of three commercially available resin composites representing distinct material categories: short fiber-reinforced (everX Posterior), zirconium silicate-reinforced nanohybrid (Vittra APS), and shade-adaptive nanohybrid (Harvard MultiChrome).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 240 disc-shaped specimens were prepared (<i>n</i> = 80 per material) and divided into bleached and non-bleached groups. The bleaching protocol consisted of three 20-minute applications of 35% hydrogen peroxide gel in a single session. Surface roughness (Ra, μm), Vickers microhardness (VHN), and wear (μm) were assessed using optical and mechanical testing methods. Color changes (ΔE00) were measured using an intraoral spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Independent <i>t</i>-tests and ANOVA with Tukey's HSD post-hoc test were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bleaching significantly increased surface roughness only in Vittra APS (0.245 ± 0.01 to 0.266 ± 0.03 μm, +8.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.015), while everX Posterior (+3.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.09) and Harvard MultiChrome (+2.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.38) remained unchanged. Microhardness significantly decreased in everX Posterior (84.3 ± 1.42 to 78.6 ± 2.32 VHN, -6.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.0001) and Vittra APS (81.2 ± 2.22 to 77.0 ± 5.69 VHN, -5.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.003), whereas Harvard MultiChrome showed no significant change (-3.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.18). Wear significantly increased in Vittra APS (+30.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and Harvard MultiChrome (+25.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.03), while everX Posterior remained unaffected (+3.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.47). All materials exceeded the clinical acceptability threshold for color change (ΔE00 > 1.8): Harvard MultiChrome (3.8 ± 1.4), Vittra APS (10.6 ± 1.0), and everX Posterior (10.9 ± 4.6) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Harvard MultiChrome demonstrated relatively less degradation, while everX Posterior showed superior wear resistance. However, none maintained clinically acceptable color stability after bleaching. Mechanical alterations were modest; color changes were clinically unacceptable for all materials. Shade-adaptive composites remain underrepresented, and findings require cautious interpretation pending further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dentin Bonding Performance, Nanoleakage, and Micromorphological Characteristics of Universal Adhesives in Self-etch Mode: Comparative Evaluation.","authors":"Maryam Wessam, Mohamed Elshirbeny Elawsya, Mansoura Taher Mahmoud Elkotb, Hamdi Hamama, Salah Hasab Mahmoud","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study aimed to evaluate and compare the microtensile bond strength (µTBS), nanoleakage, and micromorphological characteristics of six universal adhesives (UAs) applied in self-etch (SE) mode to dentin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The occlusal one-third of 60 freshly extracted intact human molars was removed, and the exposed surfaces were treated with one of the six UAs (Gluma Bond [GB], Zipbond Universal [ZB], Scotchbond Universal Plus [SB + ], Single Bond Universal [SB], Futurabond U [FB], or OptiBond eXTRa Universal [OB]) in SE mode (<i>n</i> = 10). After resin composite build-up (Tetric N Ceram Bulk-Fill), specimens were subjected to 5,000 thremocycles and stored in artificial saliva in an incubator for 24 h. For each group, composite resin-dentin beams were prepared (<i>n</i> = 56) from seven specimens and the µTBS test was performed. The failure patterns of the debonded specimens were investigated using a stereo binuclear microscope (x = 30). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's significant difference (HSD) tests at a significance level of <i>p</i> < 0.05. The remaining specimens from each group (<i>n</i> = 3) were sectioned in mesio-distal direction. Buccal sections were immersed into ammoniacal silver nitrate followed by a photodeveloper under a fluorescent light and then investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) in backscattered mode. Lingual sections were used for assessing the micromorphological pattern of adhesive-dentin interface using SEM in secondary electron mode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-way ANOVA test indicated a significant difference in the microtensile bond strength among the types of the tested adhesives (<i>p</i> < 0.05). SB+ demonstrated the highest bond strength among all tested adhesives (<i>p</i> < 0.05). SB also showed significantly higher bond strength compared with the other tested adhesives, except for OB (<i>p</i> = 0.317). No statistically significant differences were observed among FB, GB, ZB, and OB (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Regarding nanoleakage patterns, GB showed the highest degree while the lowest nanoleakage pattern was exhibited in OB. Resin-dentin interface exhibited the highest massive amount of resin tags in SB+ and the least amount of resin tags in FB followed by ZB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the extracted results, UA bonding performance was material dependent. The number and depth of resin tags were found to correlate with bond strength, whereas nanoleakage patterns showed no such correlation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Printing Orientation and Surface Treatment on the Surface Roughness, Shear Bond Strength, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Provisional Restoration Materials: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Kornrawee Wiroonsri, Settapak Somyhokwilas, Niyom Thamrongananskul, Suparaksa Yamockul, Atikom Surintanasarn","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1822669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1822669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of printing orientation and surface treatment on the surface roughness, shear bond strength (SBS), and flexural strength of 3D-printed provisional resin materials under laboratory conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four printing orientations (0, 45, 60, and 90°) and four surface treatments (no treatment, airborne particle abrasion, tetrahydrofuran, and HC primer) were investigated. A total of 320 specimens were fabricated and tested according to ISO standards. Of these, 240 disk-shaped specimens were used for surface roughness assessment, conducted using a non-contact profilometer, and for SBS evaluation through a notched-edge shear test. Additionally, 80 rectangular bar specimens were subjected to three-point bending for flexural strength assessment. Fracture morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Normality and homogeneity of variance were verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene's tests. Surface roughness and SBS were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, while flexural strength was analyzed using one-way ANOVA (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Printing orientation and surface treatment significantly affected the tested properties. Surface roughness varied according to orientation and treatment, with the 45° orientation exhibiting higher Ra values compared with other orientations. SBS values differed significantly among surface treatments and orientations, with higher bond strength observed in specimens treated with HC primer at 60°. Flexural strength was significantly greater at 60° compared with 90°. SEM analysis revealed more homogeneous interlayer integration at 60° and evident interlayer separation at 90°.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this in vitro study, printing orientation and surface treatment significantly affected the surface and mechanical properties of the tested 3D-printed provisional resin. A 60° printing orientation combined with chemical surface conditioning demonstrated favorable laboratory performance. Further studies incorporating aging and fatigue protocols are required to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Guided Surgical Endodontics Using Static Guidance, Dynamic Navigation, and Augmented Reality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Paak Rewthamrongsris, Uraiwan Chokechanachaisakul, Zohaib Khurshid, Thanaphum Osathanon","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Endodontic microsurgery is a treatment for persistent periapical pathology, where precision in root-end surgery is crucial for success. Advances in digital technology have introduced guided endodontic microsurgery, incorporating static guidance (SG), dynamic navigation (DN), and augmented reality (AR) to enhance surgical accuracy and efficiency. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of SG, DN, and AR in endodontic microsurgery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This review followed PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (CRD42024583867). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted from inception to February 2026. Studies comparing SG, DN, and AR in endodontic microsurgery were included. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I V2, the JBI Checklist, and the QUIN tool. Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed on studies with comparable accuracy parameters. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's <i>Q</i>-test and <i>I</i> ² statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three studies met the predefined inclusion criteria: 1 nonrandomized clinical trial, 1 case series, and 31 in vitro and cadaver studies. Due to limited clinical studies, the clinical trial and case series identified were synthesized qualitatively, while the meta-analysis pooled only in vitro and cadaveric studies. A meta-analysis demonstrated that SG and DN significantly reduced 3D global deviation at the bur tip compared with FH (<i>p</i> < 0.01). While the drilled root length error did not differ between SG and DN, DN exhibited significantly greater resection angle deviation than SG (<i>p</i> < 0.01). AR showed potential benefits in accuracy, but the data were insufficient for meta-analysis. SG required the least operating time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SG and DN enhance accuracy and efficiency in endodontic microsurgery compared with freehand techniques in in vitro and cadaveric studies. Standardized outcome measures and further clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed to validate these findings.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Further clinical studies with long-term follow-up are warranted to confirm the effects of guided surgical endodontics on clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Reinforced Silicone Elastomers on Candida albicans Adhesion.","authors":"Sasiwimol Sanohkan, Kemarajt Kemavongse, Dinesh Rokaya","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Silicone elastomers are widely used in prosthodontics and maxillofacial prosthetics for prosthetic rehabilitation. This study aimed to analyze the adhesion of <i>Candida albicans</i> on silicone elastomers at various concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 96 silicone elastomer specimens (<i>N</i> = 96) were prepared and divided into 6 groups (<i>n</i> = 16), incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles at concentrations of 0, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4% by weight. 0% TiO₂ nanoparticles served as a control. The specimens were submerged in artificial saliva and artificial nasal solutions. <i>Candida albicans</i> were incubated for 2 hours, after which the silicone specimens were rinsed to eliminate any nonadherent <i>C. albicans</i>. Subsequently, the stains were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, and the adherence of <i>C. albicans</i> was calculated and compared among various groups. The results were compared using one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and multiple comparisons using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference post-hoc test. A <i>p</i>-value of 0.05 was considered a significant difference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The porosity and density of silicone elastomer materials, both with and without TiO₂ nanoparticles, exhibited significant differences. In the samples immersed in artificial saliva, those with 0 and 3% concentrations of TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited the highest and lowest mean numbers of <i>C. albicans</i>, respectively. The samples immersed in artificial nasal secretion with the 0% concentration of TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited the highest number of <i>C. albicans</i>. The samples immersed in artificial nasal secretion with the concentrations of 4% TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited the lowest number of <i>C. albicans</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, the incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles influenced the surface characteristics and microbial adhesion of silicone elastomers. Silicone specimens containing TiO₂ nanoparticles demonstrated reduced adherence of <i>C. albicans</i> compared with the control group, with the 4% TiO₂ concentration showing the lowest fungal colonization in both artificial saliva and artificial nasal secretion. These findings suggest that TiO₂ nanoparticle incorporation may enhance the antifungal properties of silicone elastomers used in prosthodontic and maxillofacial prosthetic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel CHD7 Variants Associated with an Expanded Orofacial and Dental Phenotype.","authors":"Tanit Arunratanothai, Thanakorn Theerapanon, Katsushige Kawasaki, Atsushi Ohazama, Sunisa Rochanavibhata, Risa Chaisuparat, Chanatjit Cheawsamoot, Aayalida Buasong, Rungroj Thangpong, Phawin Kor-Anantakul, Vorasuk Shotelersuk, Wuttichart Kamolvisit, Thantrira Porntaveetus","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically investigate the comprehensive spectrum of dental features across a well-characterized cohort of individuals harboring pathogenic <i>CHD7</i> variants, and to explore the spatial expression pattern of <i>CHD7</i> in craniofacial tissues using an <i>in situ</i> hybridization model to support the biological relevance of the observed phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We performed a multi-case analysis (<i>n</i> = 9 pediatric patients; 7 M, 2 F; 1-18 years) with confirmed pathogenic/likely pathogenic <i>CHD7</i> variants recruited. Genetic analysis utilized whole genome or exome sequencing. <i>In situ</i> hybridization in embryonic mouse models mapped <i>CHD7</i> expression in craniofacial and dental primordia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients presented with systemic <i>CHD7</i>-related features. Dental anomalies were frequent and diverse: cleft lip/palate (<i>n</i> = 2), tooth agenesis (<i>n</i> = 2), microdontia (<i>n</i> = 1), and malocclusion (<i>n</i> = 6). Notably, novel findings included the identification of odontoma or unexplained radiopaque lesions in two distinct cases. Genetic analysis identified seven novel <i>CHD7</i> variants (two de novo). Murine <i>in situ</i> hybridization confirmed <i>CHD7</i> expression in mandibular and dental primordia, supporting its role in odontogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We suggest that <i>CHD7</i>-related disorders may be associated with a broader spectrum of dental anomalies, including potentially underrecognized features. Dental assessments, including oral and radiographic examinations, may serve as adjunctive indicators and support further clinical and genetic investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mauli Banana Stem Extract, Alone or Combined with Calcium Hydroxide, on DMP-1 Expression and Dentin Bridge Thickness After Direct Pulp Capping in Rat Molars.","authors":"Dewi Puspitasari, Ika Kustiyah Oktaviyanti, Maharani Laillyza Apriasari, Erni Marlina, Maria Tanumihardja","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1823639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1823639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of Mauli banana stem extract (MBSE), used alone or in combination with calcium hydroxide, on DMP-1 expression and dentin bridge thickness following direct pulp capping in rat molars.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study used a post-test control group experimental design involving mechanically exposed maxillary first molars in Wistar rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into eight groups (<i>n</i> = 5 per group), with one maxillary first molar treated in each animal. MBSE (<i>Musa acuminata</i>) was obtained through 70% ethanol maceration, concentrated by rotary evaporation, and prepared as a 50% extract. The exposed molars were treated with propylene glycol (control), calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂], 50% MBSE, or a combination of MBSE and Ca(OH)₂. The animals were euthanized at 14 and 28 days posttreatment. Dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) expression was assessed by immunohistochemically, and dentin bridge thickness was quantified from hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections using Image Raster software.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference post-hoc test, with significance set at <i>p</i> <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DMP-1 expression increased significantly across all experimental groups at both 14 and 28 days (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with the highest expression observed in the MBSE group at day 28. A time-dependent increase in dentin bridge thickness was also observed, with the MBSE and MBSE + Ca(OH)₂ groups showing greater thickness than the Ca(OH)₂ group. Nevertheless, dentin bridge thickness did not differ significantly between the MBSE and MBSE + Ca(OH)₂ groups at day 28 (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MBSE, alone and in combination with calcium hydroxide, promoted reparative responses following direct pulp capping. The combination group showed enhanced mineralization-related activity and dentin bridge formation, whereas MBSE alone also demonstrated promising bioactive potential. Additional studies incorporating early inflammatory time points and complementary outcome measures are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of PGE2, Histamine, Bradykinin, NaV-1.7, NaV-1.8, NaV-1.9 in Nerve Cells of Normal and Inflamed Dental Pulp Tissue Following Pulp Extirpation.","authors":"Galih Sampoerno, Setyabudi Setyabudi, Widya Saraswati, Agustina Restu Nurkhotimah, Hasna Shabrina, Arvia Diva Firsriana, Silvia Monica Sheren, Yasinta Izzah Afidati, Willy Prayudisti, Tengku Natasha Eleena Binti Tengku Ahmad Noor","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Post-endodontic pain may arise from endodontic therapy. Post-endodontic pain arises from the inflammatory condition of the dental pulp. This research aims to examine differences in the expressions of prostaglandin (PGE2), histamine, bradykinin, as well as voltage-gated sodium channel (Na-V) 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 between the group with pulp inflammation and the group with a normal one post-pulp extirpation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen as the subjects for this scientific experiment. Three groups of nine rats each were then created: a control group (Group 1), a group with normal one post-pulp extirpation (Group 2), and a group with pulp inflammation exposed to LPS post-pulp extirpation (Group 3). The apical region of their mandibular incisors served as test samples was subsequently analyzed using immunohistochemical methods. The expressions of PGE2, histamine, bradykinin, as well as Na-V 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 were examined using immunohistochemical staining utilizing anti-rat monoclonal antibodies specific to each marker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-pulp extirpation, histamine, bradykinin, Na-V 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 levels were significantly higher in Group 2. In contrast, the levels of PGE2, histamine, bradykinin, as well as Na-V 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 markedly diminished in the group with pulp inflammation post-pulp extirpation (Group 3) compared with those in the group with a normal one post- pulp extirpation (Group 2). The expressions of PGE2, histamine, bradykinin, as well as voltage-gated sodium channel (Na-V) 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 in the group with pulp inflammation post-pulp extirpation (Group 3) did not significantly differ from those in the control group (Group 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PGE2, histamine, bradykinin, as well as Na-V 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 levels decreased in comparison to normal pulp post-pulp extirpation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-Based Mouthwashes for Oral Wound Healing and Xerostomia.","authors":"Nabeel Reza, Omar Abdul Jabbar Abdul Qader, Matheel Al-Rawas, Marzuki Omar, Johari Yap Abdullah, Sanjida Yeasmin Urmi","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1822668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1822668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Saliva plays an essential role in maintaining oral health by providing antimicrobial protection, regulating inflammation, and supporting tissue repair. Salivary enzymes such as lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin are central to these protective functions. Conditions associated with reduced salivary flow, including xerostomia and postoperative states, impair these mechanisms and may result in delayed wound healing, microbial imbalance, discomfort, and increased susceptibility to infection. Conventional antiseptic mouthwashes, particularly chlorhexidine, are effective in controlling oral microorganisms but are frequently associated with adverse effects, including mucosal irritation, taste alteration, tooth discoloration, and concerns about long-term use. This structured review summarizes current evidence on natural enzyme-based mouthwashes, focusing on their mechanisms of action, potential benefits for oral wound healing and xerostomia management, and antimicrobial effects, and compares their efficacy and safety with conventional antiseptic agents.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>A focused literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to December 2025, supplemented by manual screening of reference lists. Peer-reviewed English-language studies, including clinical, experimental, observational, and in vitro research addressing enzyme-based mouthwashes, were considered.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The available literature suggests that enzyme-based mouthwashes exert selective antimicrobial effects by reducing pathogenic microorganisms and biofilm formation while largely preserving the commensal oral microbiota. Lactoperoxidase contributes to antimicrobial activity through hypothiocyanite generation, lysozyme disrupts bacterial cell walls, lactoferrin limits microbial growth through iron sequestration and immunomodulatory effects, and glucose oxidase supports sustained enzymatic activity. Clinical studies report improvements in oral wound healing, relief of xerostomia-related symptoms, enhanced oral comfort, and good tolerability when compared with conventional antiseptic mouthwashes. However, limitations include variability in enzyme stability, a narrower antimicrobial spectrum, and a limited number of long-term clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In conclusion, enzyme-based mouthwashes appear to be safe and biocompatible adjuncts for supporting oral wound healing and managing xerostomia. By mimicking natural salivary defense mechanisms, they offer a microbiome-friendly, non-antibiotic alternative to conventional antiseptics in selected clinical situations. Further well-designed randomized clinical trials with standardized formulations and long-term follow-up are required to clarify their effectiveness and optimal clinical indications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thai Dental Students' Perspectives on Teledentistry: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Yousuf Moosa, Rattapong Owasitth, Lakshman P Samaranayake, Pagaporn P Pisarnturakit","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1824440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the opinions, attitudes, and perceptions of Thai dental students toward teledentistry; analyze the barriers to teledentistry adoption; and suggest the possibilities for strengthening the integration of teledentistry in undergraduate dental education in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional electronic study comprising 531 Thai dental students from 16 dental schools assessed four categories of teledentistry: opinions, practices, attitudes, and barriers. The students were categorized by their training stage: preclinical (years 2-3) and clinical (years 4-6), to analyze differences in perspective. Data were collected through a 35-item questionnaire with a binary response format. Chi-square tests and Cramer's V were utilized to examine relationships between binary and key variables, respectively, while binary logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of positive attitudes toward the use of teledentistry. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05, and the analysis was conducted using SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students generally demonstrated positive perceptions of teledentistry, particularly regarding its role in improving access to oral healthcare and facilitating patient monitoring (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Factors significantly associated with the intention to use teledentistry included prior familiarity with the concept (Cramer's V = 0.162, <i>p</i> < 0.001), perceived cost-effectiveness (Cramer's V = 0.118, <i>p</i> = 0.006), interest in digital dental examinations (OR = 2.17, <i>p</i> < 0.001), belief in teledentistry as a future standard of oral healthcare delivery (OR = 2.01, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and the perception that it could increase the availability of dental services in underserved areas (OR = 1.83, <i>p</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This first-time study offers a comprehensive overview of Thai dental students' perception toward teledentistry. While attitudes were generally positive, important barriers remain, including knowledge deficits, concerns about diagnostic accuracy, and data security. The findings highlighted the need for targeted educational strategies within undergraduate dental curricula to improve student preparedness for teledentistry, which in turn will support its broader integration into future dental practice in Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}