European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Real-Time Wearable Cervical Posture Monitoring in Dentistry: A Prospective Usability Trial with Dental Students.","authors":"Abubaker Qutieshat, Ritaj Al-Busaidi, Samiya Al-Ghammari, Al-Wejdan Koofan, Tuqa Al-Lawati, Mohammad S Alrashdan, Polyxeni Petropoulou","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812110","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1812110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Dentists routinely adopt forward-lean postures that can lead to chronic spinal musculoskeletal disorders. Wearable real-time feedback may prompt microadjustments that preserve spinal health. This article aims to develop a wearable device for real-time detection of forwardleaning posture in dentistry, to assess its usability and alert rate during standardized student tasks, and to estimate cervical-disc fatigue lifetime from the measured headflexion profile using a simplified S-N model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An assistive device was constructed around an Arduino Uno interfaced with a three-axis FC-51 tilt-switch module, calibrated to trigger at > 30 degrees of head flexion. A piezo buzzer emitted pulsatile alerts when tilt exceeded the threshold. Twenty-four dental students (12 fourth year, 12 fifth year) wore the device during 30-minute simulated operative sessions. A research assistant logged each alert in real time. Postsession questionnaires (5-point Likert scale) assessed comfort, intrusiveness, distraction, workflow impact, and posture awareness. Qualitative feedback on power, alert modalities, and design refinements was collected. A fatigue model based on an S-N curve framework used measured angles to estimate years to cervical-disc fatigue under typical clinical exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Head flexion averaged 42.7 degrees (standard deviation 9.4). The device generated a mean of 7.9 alerts per session, with no significant difference between year levels. Likert ratings indicated high comfort, low intrusiveness and distraction, minimal workflow disruption, and enhanced posture awareness; 79% of participants expressed willingness to adopt the device. Common suggestions included rechargeable power, multimodal alerts, slimmer enclosures, and customizable thresholds. The S-N fatigue model predicted disc fatigue onset at approximately 20.6 years for pure flexion and 16.0 years when lateral tilt was also considered, aligning with clinical data from the literature. Simulated use of the device, limiting \"bad posture\" to 1 minute per day, extended the model's fatigue lifetime to over 900 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The goggle-mounted tilt-sensor device effectively detected and interrupted excessive forward-lean postures, was well accepted by users, and provided insights for ergonomic design improvements. Coupled with an S-N fatigue model, this approach offers both a practical intervention and a quantitative framework for mitigating career-long spinal risk in dentistry. Future work should validate long-term musculoskeletal outcomes and explore integration into clinical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1180-1187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) on PEEK Coating for Biomedical and Dental Applications.","authors":"Muhammad Amber Fareed, Khalil Ahmad","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812108","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1812108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is widely recognized for its biocompatibility and mechanical stability, making it a promising coating material for dental implants. However, unmodified surfaces may lack optimal properties for osseointegration and antibacterial resistance. Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is an advanced technique for introducing controlled micro- and nanoscale surface features to enhance implant performance. This study aims to investigate the surface characteristics, antibacterial effect, and biocompatibility of DLIP-functionalized PEEK coatings electrophoretically deposited on 316L stainless steel (SS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>PEEK was deposited onto 316L SS substrates via electrophoretic deposition and subsequently functionalized using DLIP to create periodic surface patterns with spatial periods of 1, 1.5, and 2 µm. The modified surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle (wettability), and surface roughness measurements. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the turbidity method against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Biocompatibility was evaluated via MG-63 osteoblast-like cell viability analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DLIP-functionalized PEEK surface with a 1.5-µm spatial period exhibited the most favorable surface features, with a contact angle of 92 ± 1° and surface roughness of 2.04 ± 0.03 µm. This configuration significantly inhibited <i>E. coli</i> growth and achieved 80% cell viability, indicating enhanced antibacterial properties and biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DLIP is an effective technique for functionalizing PEEK coatings, improving key surface characteristics that support antibacterial activity and osteoblast cell compatibility. Among the tested configurations, a 1.5-µm spatial period yielded the most promising results.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study supports the application of DLIP-functionalized PEEK coatings for dental implants, offering a novel and translatable surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1205-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head and Neck Radiotherapy Short-Term Oral Complications: Effect on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life at Dharmais Cancer Hospital.","authors":"Mohamad Zulfikar Idris, Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani, Widya Apsari, Masita Mandasari","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1816079","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1816079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the effect of short-term oral complications of head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy on patients' quality of life (QoL). Radiotherapy is one of the most common HNC therapy modality, either as the primary therapy or in combination with others. However, high-dose radiotherapy can cause both short- and long-term oral complications. Short-term oral complications of radiotherapy include oral mucositis, hyposalivation, dysphagia, and sensory disturbances which can affect the patients' ability to speak, chewing, and swallowing, leading to weight loss and a decline in QoL, thus delaying the therapy process.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study at the Dharmais Cancer Hospital in March to April 2024, with a total of 53 participants. The data collected included participants' sociodemographic profiles, oral conditions, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire, which was adapted to Indonesian language.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Kendall and Spearman tests with a significance level of 5% were used to analyze the correlations between variables for bivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study participants consisted of 32 males (60.4%) and 21 females (39.6%), with the majority (22 participants, 41.5%) aged 46 to 55 years old. Nasopharyngeal cancer was reported to be the most prevalent HNC diagnosis in this study at 69.8%. All study participants (100%) experienced xerostomia and had clinical oral dryness as their short-term radiotherapy-related oral complications. The distribution of OHIP-14 scores showed that most of the participants (73.6%) had moderate OHRQoL. Xerostomia and dysphagia were shown to have statistically significant influence on OHIP-14 score (Spearman test, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of HNC patients treated with radiotherapy in Dharmais Cancer Hospital have moderate QoL. Dysphagia and xerostomia were reported as the primary drivers of reduced QoL in our study, indicating potential key targets for preventive and management strategies in HNC radiotherapy patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1273-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146178381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping Efficiency of Heat-Treated Reciprocating Systems in Mandibular Molars: A Micro-CT Analysis.","authors":"Thamires Custódio Matos, Rayana Duarte Khoury, Carlos Henrique Sales Dias Santos, Ana Flávia Barbosa, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, Ana Paula Martins Gomes","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812495","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1812495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate untouched canal areas, canal transportation, and centering ability of WaveOne Gold, R-Motion, and Reciproc Blue systems with different apical sizes and tapers using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty mesial roots of mandibular molars with single curvature were selected and assigned to three groups (<i>n</i> = 10): WaveOne Gold (25/.07v and 35/.06v), R-Motion (25/.06 and 40/.04), and Reciproc Blue (25/.08v and 40/.06v). All canals were prepared in two sequential stages with small and then larger instruments of the same system. Micro-CT scans were performed before, between, and after instrumentation. Reconstructed images (NRecon v.1.6.10, Bruker) were used to assess untouched canal walls, canal transportation, and centering ratio at 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test and paired <i>t</i>-tests were applied (<i>α</i> = 5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative canal volume and surface area showed no significant differences among groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). All systems demonstrated similar shaping performance regarding untouched areas, transportation, and centering ability in both preparation stages (<i>p</i> > 0.05). A significant reduction in untouched canal walls was observed after the second preparation stage in all groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite similar shaping outcomes among systems, the second preparation stage significantly reduced untouched canal walls, supporting its potential role in improving root canal cleaning efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"1162-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145780477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Static Computer-Assisted Immediate and Delayed Anterior Implant Placement by Novice Clinicians.","authors":"Gyu Hwi Lee, Douglas Lau, Jaafar Abduo","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1827840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1827840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of immediate and delayed implant placements using fully guided (FG) and pilot-guided (PG) static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) protocols against the freehand (FH) technique in the anterior maxilla by novice implant clinicians.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fourteen clinicians new to implant dentistry inserted implants in fresh extraction socket (FES) and healed ridge (HR) maxillary central incisor sites of training models. Every clinician inserted an implant per site according to each protocol. The FG protocol involved guided drilling and implant placement. The PG protocol involved guidance of the pilot drill only. The FH protocol used a vacuum-formed surgical template. Deviations in angle, vertical position, and horizontal position at the implant platform and apex were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FG protocol demonstrated superior accuracy in terms of horizontal platform and apex deviations across both FES and HR sites. All three protocols showed similar magnitudes of vertical and angle deviations in the FES site. The PG and FH protocols were generally comparable in accuracy. Implant accuracy was broadly similar between FES and HR sites for the FG protocol. Greater accuracy was observed in the FES site compared to the HR site with the FH protocol. For the PG protocol, vertical and angle deviations were greater at the HR site, while platform deviation was greater at the FES site.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among novice implant clinicians, the FG protocol was superior to the PG and FH protocols and was not significantly influenced by the timing of implant placement. The accuracy of the PG and FH protocols was similar, but likely to be influenced by the timing of implant placement and ridge healing status.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Direct Intraoral Versus Reverse Scanning for Abutment-Level Implant Impressions: an In Vitro Study.","authors":"Sumit Jairao Deshpande, Diksha Rajkumar Kasnale, Konark Patil, Parvez Abubakar, Shilpa Sinnurkar, Dinesh Rokaya","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1827796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1827796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to compare the relative accuracy of direct intraoral scanning and reverse scanning techniques (RST) for abutment-level implant impressions, with specific evaluation of putty-only impressions and alginate casts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An <i>in vitro</i> study was conducted using a 3D-printed mandibular edentulous model with four multiunit abutments. Three techniques were compared (five scans per technique; 15 digital datasets in total): (1) direct IOS (iTero Element 5D) with manufacturer-provided scan bodies; (2) reverse scanning of a putty-only impression (addition silicone); and (3) reverse scanning of an alginate cast (Cavex Cream) poured in Type IV dental stone. Both reverse scans were performed using a laboratory scanner (Medit T510). Linear distances between the scan body center points were measured in the anterior (canine-to-canine) and posterior (molar-to-molar) regions using exocad software. As no independent gold standard was used, outcomes represent relative differences between techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's HSD post-hoc test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (<i>p</i> <0.05). Direct IOS produced the smallest relative deviations, followed by reverse scanning of alginate casts, while putty-only impressions exhibited the greatest relative deviations, particularly in the posterior region. Posterior deviations were significantly greater than anterior deviations. A significant technique and region interaction indicated that putty-only impressions were disproportionately affected in the posterior region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this <i>in vitro</i> study, direct IOS demonstrated the highest relative accuracy. Reverse scanning of alginate casts showed intermediate accuracy, whereas putty-only impressions exhibited substantially greater relative deviations, particularly in the posterior regions. Material and technique selection significantly influence impression accuracy; direct IOS should be preferred when clinically feasible.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Accurate implant impressions are critical for achieving a passive fit and long-term success of implant-supported prostheses. This study indicates that direct intraoral scanning provides superior accuracy compared with RSTs, particularly in the posterior regions. When digital workflows are not feasible, alginate casts may offer a more reliable alternative to putty-only impressions, thereby helping clinicians select appropriate impression techniques to improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root Canal Taper and the Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners for Post Space Measurement: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Dusit Nantanapiboon, Porawit Kamnoedboon, Chawalid Pianmee, Chanakarn Sinsareekul, Piyanee Panitvisai, Murali Srinivasan","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1827466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1827466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study is to evaluate the accuracy (trueness and precision) of two intraoral scanners (IOSs) for measuring post space length and area deviation in root canal-treated teeth with differing canal tapers, using a caliper as the reference standard.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen endodontically treated resin teeth (<i>n</i> = 5 per group; maxillary central incisor, first premolar, and first molar) received 10 mm post spaces with sizes No. 2, No. 0.5, and No. 1, respectively. Each specimen was measured 10 times using each method: a digital caliper (reference), a conventional polyvinyl siloxane impression digitized with an extraoral scanner (inEos X5), and two IOSs, IOS-1 (Trios 4) and IOS-2 (CEREC Primescan). STL files were superimposed in OraCheck 5.0 to measure post space length and area deviation. The 10 scans were treated as replicates nested within each specimen in linear mixed-effects models; equivalence was tested using two one-sided tests against a ± 0.10 mm margin, and precision was expressed as the repeatability coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conventional impressions matched the caliper in every group and were equivalent within ± 0.10 mm. For Tooth 21, both scanners also met the equivalence margin. Both scanners underestimated Tooth 24 (IOS-1 -0.90 mm; IOS-2 -0.61 mm) and overestimated Tooth 26 (IOS-1 +0.28 mm; IOS-2 +0.25 mm), and neither met the equivalence margin (<i>p</i> <0.001). The two scanners did not differ in area deviation, which varied by tooth type only (Tooth 21 lowest). Conventional impressions were far more repeatable than the scanners (repeatability coefficient 0.08 to 0.14 mm vs. 0.29 mm for IOS-2 and 0.61 mm for IOS-1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Canal taper appeared to influence IOS accuracy: the widest-taper incisor was captured accurately by both scanners, whereas the narrower-taper groups were not. Because tooth type, taper, and post diameter varied together, taper cannot be isolated as the sole cause. Clinicians should be cautious when using IOS post space data in narrow or less-tapered canals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Vibration Therapy for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Roberto Materia, Luca Fiorillo, Vini Mehta, Angelo Alito, Francesco Gullì, Cesare D'Amico, Cosimo Galletti, Javier Flores Fraile","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1827795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1827795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) commonly present with soreness in the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular-joint (TMJ) area, along with creaking or clicking during opening or closing of the mouth. These symptoms often worsen during mastication process and while yawning or speaking, gradually interfering with normal function and daily life. This review of the literature aims to analyze the effectiveness of local vibratory therapy and its application in the treatment of TMD and orofacial pain. The PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase databases were analyzed using appropriate keywords. After screening 310 results, three TMD-specific clinical studies were selected, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. In this systematic review, evaluating local vibration therapy in TMDs and orofacial pain, a total of 76 participants from three TMD-specific clinical studies were included. Significant heterogeneity was found in intervention protocols, vibration modalities, treatment duration, and outcome assessment methods. Short-term improvement was noted in TMJ pain, muscular pain, headache intensity, painful sites to palpation, maximal mouth opening, and mandibular function after active vibration interventions. Placebo or inactive-device groups generally demonstrated limited or no comparable improvement. Overall, the available evidence suggests a potential short-term symptomatic benefit of local vibration therapy; however, the certainty of the evidence remains limited. Although the available clinical evidence suggests short-term pain relief and functional improvement with local vibration therapy in TMD and orofacial pain, it remains inadequate for a definitive clinical recommendation. Hence, its therapeutic utility should be further evaluated through standardized protocols and rigorously designed future randomized controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Clinically Relevant Seating Loads on Shear-Thinning Behavior and Film Thickness of Light-Cure Veneer Cements.","authors":"Randa Sabry Ibrahim","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1827464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1827464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This article aims to evaluate the shear rate-dependent rheological behavior of light-cure resin cements used for lithium disilicate veneers and assess its relationship with cement film thickness under standardized and clinically relevant seating loads.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Five light-cure resin cements (RXV, CVE, ACV, NXL, and VLE) were tested using rotational rheometry under a standardized baseline gap. Apparent viscosity (η) was determined at 10 s^-1 and 100 s^-1. Cement film thickness was measured following ISO 4049 under 150 N and under reduced loads of 50 and 30 N. All measurements were performed in triplicate (<i>n</i> = 3 per cement for rheology; <i>n</i> = 3 per cement per seating load for film thickness).</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey post hoc tests where appropriate. Linear regression and Pearson's correlation analyses were used to examine load-film thickness trends and viscosity-film thickness associations. The significance level was set at <i>α</i> = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Viscosity differed significantly among materials at both shear rates (<i>p</i> < 0.001). At 10 s^-1, viscosity ranged from 210 ± 2 Pa·s (VLE) to 1820 ± 20 Pa·s (NXL), while at 100 s^-1 it ranged from 164 ± 2 Pa·s (RXV) to 440 ± 2 Pa·s (VLE). Four cements showed pronounced shear-thinning behavior (-82.6% to -86.3%), whereas VLE showed an inverse response (-109.5%). Film thickness differed significantly across all seating loads (150 N: <i>p</i> = 0.004; 50 and 30 N: <i>p</i> < 0.001). At 30 N, values ranged from 48.3 ± 3.5 µm (RXV) to 74.7 ± 2.5 µm (NXL). Weak positive associations were observed between viscosity and film thickness under reduced seating conditions (<i>r</i> = 0.25 at 30 N; <i>r</i> = 0.24 at 50 N).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Seating load was the main determinant of cement film thickness, while shear rate-dependent viscosity showed a secondary, material-dependent contribution under reduced pressure. Favorable shear-thinning behavior may support improved seating adaptation and more consistent film thickness control during veneer placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bond Characteristics of Dual-Cure Self-Adhesive Resin Cements on Eroded Dentin.","authors":"Andrea Maria Chisnoiu, Mihaela Păstrav, Andreea Kui, Marius Negucioiu, Oana Burlacu, Ioana Mărginean, Ioan Petean, Stanca Cuc, Codruta Sarosi, Radu Chisnoiu","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1827798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0046-1827798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and post-debonding surface characteristics of three dual-cure self-adhesive resin cements-SpeedCem Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), BisCem (Bisco), and RelyX U200 (3M ESPE)-bonded to sound and eroded human dentin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty dentin specimens (<i>n</i> = 10 per subgroup) were prepared from freshly extracted caries-free human molars. Erosion was induced by immersion in 0.01 M hydrochloric acid (pH 2.0) for 2 minutes once daily over 14 consecutive days; all specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C throughout. Each cement was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and light-cured for 20 seconds. After 24 hours, SBS was measured with a universal testing machine. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize post-debonding surface topography, roughness, and failure modes.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>SBS and surface roughness were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (substrate condition × cement type) with Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference post-hoc test. Failure-mode distributions were compared using Fisher's exact test with the Freeman-Halton extension. The significance level was set at α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SBS was markedly lower on eroded than on sound dentin for all three cements, with values on eroded dentin approaching the lower measurement threshold. On sound dentin, RelyX U200 achieved the highest bond strength; on eroded dentin, SpeedCem Plus showed the least reduction. AFM and SEM revealed distinct failure patterns: cohesive and mixed failures predominated on sound dentin, whereas debonding on eroded dentin occurred almost entirely at the adhesive interface. Erosion of the dentin substrate substantially impaired the adhesive performance of all tested self-adhesive resin cements. The residual bond strengths recorded on eroded dentin were too low to be considered clinically reliable, indicating that the eroded substrate-rather than the choice of cement-is the dominant determinant of bonding outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dental erosion severely compromises the bonding of dual-cure self-adhesive resin cements to dentin. Since no cement achieved a clinically adequate bond on eroded dentin, restoration of the eroded substrate before luting should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":12028,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}