Maxim Milosevic, Tina Sangha, Kerem Dalci, Emre Kayalar, Shilpi Ajwani, Mehmet Ali Darendeliler, Oyku Dalci
{"title":"The use of teleorthodontics and artificial intelligence for orthodontic triage and screening in a publicly funded healthcare system: A crossover randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Maxim Milosevic, Tina Sangha, Kerem Dalci, Emre Kayalar, Shilpi Ajwani, Mehmet Ali Darendeliler, Oyku Dalci","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjag050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence has been gaining popularity in all fields of dentistry. Orthodontic screening is needed to categorize patients for treatment eligibility and urgency of care in public orthodontic clinics. However, screening is time consuming due to high demand. This is the first study to investigate the use of artificial intelligence-supported teleorthodontics for orthodontic screening and triage.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of teleorthodontics and artificial intelligence (TAI) in orthodontic screening and triage in comparison to face-to-face (F2F) screening.</p><p><strong>Trial design: </strong>This study was designed as a single-centre crossover randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 255 patients referred for public orthodontic treatment were randomized into two sequences: control, F2F triage first, and test, TAI triage first. A total of 178 participants completed the trial (age range: 7-38 years) with 95 participants enrolled initially to the control and 83 to the test sequence, respectively. For TAI triage, patients submitted intraoral scans using Dental Monitoring™ (DM™), extraoral photos, and an online patient history survey. After a 2-month washout period, participants were re-triaged with the other method.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The primary outcome was the validity of TAI triage in referral acceptance or rejection based on a minimum Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) Dental Health Component (DHC) threshold of ≥3. Secondary outcomes were diagnostic validity of TAI for all IOTN grades, at referral acceptance threshold IOTN ≥ 4, and triage duration comparison.</p><p><strong>Randomization: </strong>Patients were randomized using a permuted randomized block design (allocation ratio 1:1).</p><p><strong>Blinding: </strong>Investigators and participants could not be blinded to sequence allocation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Referral acceptance or rejection at IOTN ≥ 3, TAI triage had a sensitivity of 1, a specificity of 0.67, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 0.98, with three referrals incorrectly rejected by TAI. Artificial intelligence could not detect OB and OJ correctly for some patients and did not measure important traits, including crossbite, contact point displacement, and functional shift. Teleorthodontic triage duration was 2.9 times faster than F2F.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This study was conducted in a public orthodontic clinic, and results apply to this setting when using IOTN and the hybrid method used in this investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Teleorthodontics combined with DM™ is a valid and reliable tool for orthodontic screening of patients with mild and severe malocclusions but cannot be used to confidently assign IOTN-DHC grade for patients with borderline malocclusion severity yet. The duration of screening is significantly shorter usin","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dental midline localization: development and validation of an automated deep learning pipeline.","authors":"Arda Arısan, Gökhan Serhat Duran","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjag056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop and validate an automated pipeline for maxillary dental midline localization on posed smile photographs and compare the performance of four convolutional neural network (CNN) backbones.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 221 standardized frontal posed smile photographs were collected. The maxillary dental midline was annotated by two orthodontists across two sessions, and mean coordinates served as the orthodontist-derived reference standard. An automated pipeline including face detection, interpupillary-line rotational normalization, mouth region extraction, and CNN-based keypoint regression was developed. Four CNN models (EfficientNet-B0, ResNet-18, MobileNetV3-Small, and HRNet-W18) were trained and compared using 5-fold stratified cross-validation. Deviation was expressed as the angle between the predicted dental midline and the interpupillary-derived photographic reference line (T-line).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HRNet-W18 achieved the lowest mean angular error (0.63° ± 0.63°) and the highest ≤1° error-threshold accuracy (81.0%). All 4 models exceeded 90% accuracy at the ≤2° threshold. No significant effect of tooth visibility grade on angular error was observed. HRNet-W18 also showed the highest agreement with the reference standard [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.721] and minimal Bland-Altman bias (+0.03°). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that HRNet-W18 outperformed all other models across all error metrics.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The sample was limited to standardized posed smile photographs from a single center, and generalizability to diverse populations and less controlled conditions remains to be established.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>The automated pipeline showed high accuracy for dental midline localization on posed smile photographs relative to an orthodontist-derived reference standard. Further validation on larger and more diverse datasets is needed before clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148600672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Failure rates of 958 interradicular mini-screws for maxillary total arch distalization following a well-established insertion protocol.","authors":"Lara Bettenhäuser-Hartung, Frauke Beyling, Rainer Schwestka-Polly, Christos Katsaros, Jonas Q Schmid","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjag051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Maxillary Total Arch Distalization (MTAD) with interradicular mini-screws (MSs) in combination with Completely Customized Lingual Appliances (CCLAs) is an effective concept for Class II correction in adolescents and adults which does not require any additional supraconstructions. The aim of this study was to investigate the failure rates of MSs after strictly following a defined insertion protocol.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>From November 2015 to August 2025, a total of 958 interradicular MSs were inserted in the maxilla for MTAD in combination with a CCLA in one orthodontic specialist practice. The surgical procedures were performed by 8 different clinicians (6 orthodontist specialists/2 postgraduate students in orthodontics) on 283 patients (female: 199/male: 84) with an average age of 27.6 years, ±13.3. Premature loss was defined as any instance in which a MS required removal due to mobility or was lost spontaneously on a yes/no basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 958 interradicular mini-screws, 14 (1.5%) failed before schedule (palatal 13/buccal 1). No significant influence of the experience level of the clinicians (P = 0.394) on the mini-screw loss rate was observed. The highest loss rate was observed in the patients > 45 age group.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>One limitation is the retrospective study design, but no patient meeting the inclusion criteria was excluded for any reason.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interradicular mini-screws used as temporary anchorage devices for maxillary total arch distalization can exhibit comparably low failure rates (1.5%) to those placed in the anterior palate, provided that a well-established clinical protocol is strictly followed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shape variability and sexual dimorphism of the chin: a 3D geometric morphometric analysis.","authors":"Isidora Christopoulou, Georgios Kanavakis, Demetrios Halazonetis","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The chin is a distinctive anatomical trait unique to Homo sapiens, with unclear origin and function. This study aimed to investigate chin morphology, describe shape variability, and identify potential sex differences.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>The sample consisted of 95 CBCT images, from university archives. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were: age above 21 years, absence of craniofacial deformities, no missing or extracted teeth in the anterior mandibular area and no alveolar bone resorption. Raw DICOM data were converted into mesh surfaces. The following methodology comprised three steps: one manual and two automated resulting in coverage of the chin area by 640 landmarks. All landmark configurations were then superimposed with Procrustes Superimposition and the resulting shape information was reduced to Principal Components (PCs) of shape. These were used to describe shape variation in the sample. Sex differences were evaluated with permutation tests and allometry was assessed by regressing on the logarithm of centroid size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Symphyseal shape variation was primarily linked to its height-to-width ratio and to symphyseal thickness. Significant sex differences were found both in shape and size; male symphyses were 8.7% larger. Also, there were notable sex-related shape differences in mental tubercle prominence and mandibular curvature, however, these were minimized after removing the allometry effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We suggest a fast and user-friendly 3D geometric morphometric method to assess chin morphology. We identified the main symphyseal shape patterns and sex differences, which were mostly related to size, indicating a strong allometric effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Very long-term (≥ 15 years) prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in adult Herbst patients.","authors":"Sabine Ruf, Niko Christian Bock","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjaf107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>While current evidence suggests that dentofacial orthopaedic treatment neither increases nor decreases TMD signs and symptoms, corresponding data on treatment performed in adults are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the long-term (≥15 years) prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD in adult Class II Herbst-multibracket appliance (MBA) patients including oral health related quality of life.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>All patients (Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Germany) in which Herbst-MBA treatment had been performed during adulthood and ended ≥15 years ago, that could be contacted and were willing to participate. Records from before (T0) and after active treatment (T1) were compared with the recall data (T2). The DC/TMD and the Helkimo index were used for TMJ analysis. In addition, the participants filled out the oral health impact profile (OHIP) questionnaire 14 at T2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>31 out of 51 patients with an average age at recall of 43.4 ± 7.4 years participated. The prevalence of patients free of TMD signs and symptoms (DC/TMD) was 50% (T0), 84% (T1), 75% (T2). The corresponding reduction in TMD prevalence went along with a decrease in TMD severity both anamnestically and clinically (Helkimo Index). Overall, signs and symptoms fluctuated and there was a trend towards improvement (T0-T1) and recurrence (T1-T2). None of the changes was statistically significant. The level of oral health related quality of life was very high (OHIP: median = 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adult Herbst-MBA Class II treatment does not seem to be associated with a clear trend regarding incidence/prevalence of TMD in the long-term (≥15 years).</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>WHO ID: DRKS00023022.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoqin Tu, Yuxuan Wang, Yi Feng, Chuiming Wan, Yuyao Liu, Yiting Shao, Hong Ai, Zheng Chen
{"title":"Biological significance and regulatory networks of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human periodontal ligament tissues induced by orthodontic tooth movement.","authors":"Shaoqin Tu, Yuxuan Wang, Yi Feng, Chuiming Wan, Yuyao Liu, Yiting Shao, Hong Ai, Zheng Chen","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjag053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a dynamic biological process driven by mechanically induced tissue remodeling. The transcriptional regulators, particularly the noncoding RNAs in human tissues remains limited. This study employs RNA sequencing and bioinformatics to analyze the transcriptomic profile at day 7 of OTM, and to identify potential regulatory factors associated with mechanical stimulus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RNA sequencing was performed on human periodontal ligament tissues obtained from extracted first premolars of OTM and non-OTM (control) patients (n = 3 per group) after seven days of orthodontic force application. Differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs were identified, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) networks and a mechanical stimulus-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network were constructed using bioinformatic approaches. qRT-PCR was applied for validation in an independent set of samples (n = 5 per group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with control group, a total of 337 mRNAs, 687 lncRNAs, and 377 circRNAs were significantly up-regulated in human periodontal ligament tissues of the OTM group. Conversely, 341 mRNAs, 1253 lncRNAs, and 109 circRNAs exhibited down-regulated expression during OTM. GO and KEGG analyses highlighted key biological functions and signaling pathways involved in bone modeling, with significant enrichment of inflammatory and immune-effector pathways. A predicted lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network active during OTM was constructed, and the circELP3-hsa-miR-629-3p/hsa-miR-29b-2-5p-TLR7/ITGAM axis was identified as potential regulatory pathway related to mechanical stimulus. This finding was subsequently validated by qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human periodontal tissues are differentially expressed at day 7 of OTM, and form a complex ceRNA network. The circELP3-hsa-miR-629-3p/hsa-miR-29b-2-5p-TLR7/ITGAM axis might be involved in mechanical stimulus of OTM at day 7. These findings provide insights and molecular clues that could inform future strategies for modulating bone remodeling in periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Li, Chenda Meng, YuWei Li, Xiner Ning, Gui Chen, Hong Su, Tianmin Xu
{"title":"Compensatory characteristics and influencing factors of the sagittal curvature of the maxillary arch based on three-dimensional fusion imaging.","authors":"Wei Li, Chenda Meng, YuWei Li, Xiner Ning, Gui Chen, Hong Su, Tianmin Xu","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the compensatory characteristics and influencing factors of the maxillary arch curvature in the sagittal plane.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 537 pre-treatment cases with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital dental model were included. CBCT images and dental models were registered and fused to obtain landmark coordinates of the integrated models. On the midsagittal plane, maxillary arch was fitted separately on each side using clinical crown center points, indices reflecting maxillary arch morphology were measured. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and additional statistical analyses were employed to examine the relationship between maxillary arch curvature and its influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The gingival-directional intersection angle between the anterior and posterior segments of the maxillary arch in the sagittal plane (AC/PC) was smaller in adolescents (162.42° ± 6.38°) than adults (166.09° ± 6.93°). Differences were also observed among patients with varying degrees of crowding, overjet, and overbite. In GEE analyses accounting for within-subject clustering, age demonstrated a significant positive association with AC/PC (β = 1.781, P < 0.001), whereas the maxillomandibular plane angle (MP/PP) showed a significant negative association (β = -0.902, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With increasing age, the sagittal curvature of the maxillary arch tends to flatten, whereas greater curvature is associated with a larger maxillomandibular plane angle (MP/PP). Age and vertical skeletal relationships appear to play key roles in shaping sagittal maxillary arch morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: The validation of orthodontic artificial intelligence systems that perform orthodontic diagnoses and treatment planning.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orthodontics beyond evidence? Commercialization, marketing-driven consumer demand, and the misconception of technological advancement as therapeutic innovation.","authors":"Theodore Eliades","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjag047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148194540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Havner, Åsa Mogren, Lotta Sjögreen, Anna Westerlund
{"title":"Open bite malocclusion and orofacial dysfunction in patients with rare diseases.","authors":"Christina Havner, Åsa Mogren, Lotta Sjögreen, Anna Westerlund","doi":"10.1093/ejo/cjag037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejo/cjag037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare orofacial dysfunctions (OFD) in individuals with rare diseases, with and without open bite (OB) malocclusion, and to explore the associated symptoms.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In total, data for 788 individuals representing 164 different rare diseases, were collected from the MHC database for the period of 2013-2019. The inclusion criteria were having a rare disease and having completed the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S). OB was categorized as anterior OB (AOB), lateral OB (LOB), and severe anterior OB (AOBS). The sample was divided into two groups: 142 with OB (mean age, 14.2 ± 13.0 years; 81 males, 61 females); and 557 with normal vertical relation (NVR) (mean age, 15.1 ± 12.9 years; 292 males, 265 females). OFD was compared between the groups. Items from the NOT-S test were analysed, and the Odds Ratio (OR) for OB was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The OB prevalence was 18%, with AOB being the most-common sub-type (58%), followed by AOBS (15%) and LOB (13%). Nemaline myopathy was the disease with the highest prevalence rates for OB and AOBS. The OB group had a larger proportion of OFD than the NVR group in 6/12 domains of the NOT-S. Deviant tongue posture was most strongly associated with OB (OR 6.062).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two-thirds of the individuals had OFD, and OB was a common finding (18%). Rare diseases with symptoms of orofacial hypotonia, craniofacial abnormalities and macroglossia show a higher prevalence of OB. A deviant tongue posture showed the highest odds for OB in this group of rare diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11989,"journal":{"name":"European journal of orthodontics","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13244795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148204737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}