European Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Stunted African toddlers digest and obtain energy from energy-dense thick sorghum porridge.","authors":"Fatimata Cisse, Clay Swackhamer, Hawa G Diall, Atossa Rahmanifar, Mariam Sylla, Antone R Opekun, Michael A Grusak, Amy H-M Lin, Elizabeth A Pletsch, Anna M R Hayes, Roberto Quezada-Calvillo, Buford L Nichols, Bruce R Hamaker","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01632-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01632-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Increasing the energy density of porridges could help meet the needs of moderately malnourished, stunted children. However, it is not clear whether stunted toddlers can adequately digest and obtain energy from energy-dense porridges with thick texture. A clinical study was conducted in Bamako, Mali, using ¹³C-labeled substrates and serial breath sampling to determine whether stunted toddlers differed from healthy toddlers in their capacity to digest thick and thin sorghum porridges.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Experimental porridges, including a traditional porridge (control), a starch-enriched calorie-dense thick porridge, and an α-amylase-thinned calorie-dense porridge, were fed to stunted (n = 24) and healthy (n = 24) 18-30-month toddlers. Breath test results were expressed as Percent Dose Recovery and curve fit using the Weibull function to determine the kinetics of starch digestion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The stunted and healthy toddlers were able to digest and oxidize the starch from traditional porridge equally well, with no statistically significant differences between the kinetic parameters of the two groups. After consumption of thickened porridge, healthy toddlers had slightly faster starch digestion kinetics with PDR curves rising more rapidly (p < 0.05) and peaking earlier in the postprandial period (p < 0.01) for healthy individuals than for stunted individuals, yet these groups did not have differences in the overall extent of starch digestion, as their final CPDR values were not significantly different. Gastric emptying rate did not differ significantly between the healthy and stunted groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, we found that thick porridge supplied digestible carbohydrates to stunted and healthy toddlers, as well as thinned calorie-dense porridge.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise conducted prior to phenylketonuria-type meal on appetite, satiety hormones and energy expenditure: a randomised cross-over trial.","authors":"Nouf A Alghamdi, James L Dorling, Abdulrahman Alreshidi, Konstantinos Gerasimidis, Dalia Malkova","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01629-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01629-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) are at increased risk for obesity, possibly due to reduced satiety induced by a PKU diet that is low protein and high carbohydrate. It is unclear how exercise alters postprandial satiety after a PKU-like meal. The objective was to examine changes in postprandial satiety, satiety hormone concentrations, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in response to acute treadmill exercise following a PKU-like meal.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Sixteen males (mean age [±SD]: 26.5 ± 4.8 years; BMI: 23.7 ± 3.2 kg/m²) participated in a randomized cross-over trial with two conditions: exercise and control. Both trials involved consuming a PKU-like meal comprising naturally low-protein foods, a special low-protein food and a protein substitute. In the exercise trial, participants exercised at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake for 1 h before the meal; in the control trial, they rested. Satiety agents (peptide YY [PYY], glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and growth differentiation factor-15 [GDF-15]), appetite, energy expenditure, fat oxidation and carbohydrate oxidation were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (±SE) appetite and postprandial PYY and GLP-1 concentrations were unaffected by exercise (P ≥ 0.279). However, GDF-15 was higher in the exercise trial (control: 288 ± 25 pg/mL vs. exercise: 322 ± 24 pg/mL; P = 0.002). Exercise increased fat oxidation (P = 0.013) and decreased carbohydrate oxidation post-meal (P = 0.022), with concomitantly lower RER (P = 0.005). Energy expenditure rose during exercise (P < 0.001), but no difference occurred postprandially (P = 0.543).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute exercise prior to a PKU-like meal does not affect postprandial GLP-1 and PYY concentrations compared to control but GDF-15 was increased and RER was reduced, potentially improving appetite regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupoint injection increases the efficacy of vitamin B12 for diabetic neuropathy: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.","authors":"Yunfeng Yu, Tongyi Zhou, Liu Li, Xiu Liu, Yuman Yin, Rong Yu","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01631-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01631-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin B12 acupoint injections compared to other administration routes in treating diabetic neuropathy (DN). We included 20 randomized controlled trials published before March 1, 2024, sourced from eight public databases, involving 1688 participants. Subsequently, we recorded their basic data, investigated their risk of bias, and then carried out a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA). The meta-analysis revealed that compared to other administration routes of vitamin B12, acupoint injection significantly improved the clinical effectiveness proportion by 28% (risk ratio [RR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.35), peroneal nerve motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) by 4.43 m/s (MD 4.43, 95% CI 2.83-6.03), peroneal nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) by 3.82 m/s (MD 3.82, 95% CI 3.23-4.41), median nerve MNCV by 5.48 m/s (MD 5.48, 95% CI 4.71-6.24), and median nerve SNCV by 4.62 m/s (MD 4.62, 95% CI 3.84-5.39) in patients with DN, while having no significant impact on fasting blood glucose (FBG) (MD -0.18, 95% CI -0.44 to 0.08), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2h-PBG) (MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.33), and the adverse event incidence (RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.44-4.70). TSA indicated that except for FBG, 2h-PBG, and adverse event incidence, the remaining meta-analysis results were conclusive. These findings indicate that compared to other administration routes of vitamin B12, acupoint injection improves neurological function in patients with DN without increasing adverse events and economic burden, suggesting that it may be the optimal administration route for vitamin B12.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of common fats and oils with cardiometabolic health outcomes in the Framingham Offspring cohort.","authors":"Xinyi Zhou, Ioanna Yiannakou, Mengjie Yuan, Martha R Singer, Lynn L Moore","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01601-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01601-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Evidence on the long-term associations between common fats and oils and cardiometabolic health is lacking. We evaluated the associations of butter, margarine, and non-hydrogenated oils with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Framingham Offspring cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods/subjects: </strong>We included 2459 subjects (≥30 years) with valid three-day food records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios for incident CVD and T2DM over ~18 years; analysis of covariance was used to estimate adjusted mean levels of CMR factors (adiposity, insulin resistance, fasting glucose, lipids) over four years associated with baseline intakes of butter, margarine, and non-hydrogenated oils.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher intakes of butter (>5 vs. 0 g/day) were associated with less insulin resistance (p = 0.0011), higher HDL-C levels (p = 0.0021), lower triglycerides (TG) (p = 0.0032), and lower TG:HDL ratio (p = 0.0052), as well as a 31% lower risk of T2DM (95% CI: 0.49, 0.97). Higher margarine intakes (>7 vs. <2 g/day) were associated with a 29% increased risk of CVD (95% CI:1.02, 1.63) and a 41% increased risk of T2DM (95% CI:1.02, 1.95). Lastly, higher consumption of non-hydrogenated oils (>7 vs. ≤2 g/day) was associated with a 0.6 kg/m² higher BMI and 8 mg/dL higher LDL-C levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More than one teaspoon (5 g) of butter/day was beneficially associated with several CMR factors and a lower T2DM risk, while margarine was associated with an increased risk of both CVD and T2DM. These findings suggest butter may be a healthier dietary fat source for the benefit of CMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling folate deficiency: prevalence, biochemical associations, genetic determinants, and strategies for adolescent health in North India.","authors":"Janaki M Nair, Shraddha Chakraborty, Khanmi Kasomva, Ganesh Chauhan, Sandeep Mathur, Analabha Basu, Nikhil Tandon, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01627-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01627-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Micronutrient deficiency is a global public health concern, especially among the adolescents of developing countries including India. Folate, an essential B-vitamin plays an indispensable role in various physiological processes throughout life. This is a cross-sectional study to determine prevalence of folate insufficiency among North-Indian school-going adolescents of various socio-economic backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 3129 healthy school-going adolescents from North India were selected for the study and circulatory folate levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Relationship of circulatory folate with various biochemical and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. Genetic determinants of folate levels in the study population were explored via both genome-wide and exome-wide association studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results indicate higher prevalence (41%) of folate insufficiency in urban adolescents attending government-funded schools, with distinct relationship of folate levels, biochemical parameters, and anthropometric traits with varied socioeconomic strata. Girls exhibited a higher percentage of folate insufficiency than their male contemporaries. Results from genome-wide association study indicate significant associations of MYO1B (p = 5.13 × 10^-7), CDH9 (p = 5.36 × 10^-7), and PANK3 (p = 6.66 × 10^-7) genes with folate levels in adolescents. Single variant analysis from exome-wide association analysis reaffirms the association of a previously reported variant in MTHFR gene (rs1801133; p = 1.87 × 10^-6) along with identification of novel missense variants in KRT7 (rs2608009; p = 2.16 × 10^-6 and rs6580870; p = 9.49 × 10^-6) and AK9 (rs1406957; p = 4.76 × 10^-6) genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights the importance of large-scale studies on prevalence of folate insufficiency and nutrigenomic regulation of folate levels in Indian population. Implementing multifaceted measures including food fortification, dietary diversification and health education in adolescents is crucial to combat folate deficiency in developing nations like India.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Comment on “Meta-analysis of the association between the dietary inflammatory index and risk of chronic kidney disease” by Chen et al. 2024","authors":"Amirhossein Ataei Kachouei,&nbsp;Farzam Kamrani,&nbsp;Fahimeh Haghighatdoost","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01630-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01630-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 7","pages":"700-700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01630-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of diet-dependent acid load with gastrointestinal cancer risk in the Cancer Screenee Cohort in Korea.","authors":"Tao Thi Tran, Madhawa Gunathilake, Jeonghee Lee, Jeongseon Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01612-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01612-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Diet-induced acidosis is a determinant of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer susceptibility. However, the current evidence remains insufficient to establish a link between an acidogenic diet and cancer because the majority of previous studies were restricted to a case‒control design. We investigated whether the dietary acid load is involved in GI carcinogenicity.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study of 10,741 participants who attended check-ups from October 2007 to December 2020 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. The participants were followed up until December 2020 to determine incident GI cancer cases. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the dietary acid load, as reflected by the potential renal acid load (PRAL), the net endogenous acid production (NEAP), and net acid excretion (NAE), in relation to GI cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 208 incident GI cancer cases were identified during the follow-up period. We observed a significantly increased GI cancer risk among male participants with high PRAL, NEAP, and NAE scores (hazard ratios (HRs) = 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-2.22), 1.51 (1.04-2.19), and 1.73 (1.18-2.53), respectively). Importantly, acidogenic foods seem to have detrimental effects even in individuals who are not obese.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings add substantial evidence to the argument that diet-dependent acid load plays certain roles in GI carcinogenesis, especially in males. Thus, attention should be given to the dietary acid‒base load for the prevention of GI cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean diet and rheumatoid arthritis: A nine-year cohort study and systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Peipei Hu, Eric Kam-Pui Lee, Qian Li, Lai-Shan Tam, Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong, Paul Kwok-Ming Poon, Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01628-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01628-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on heart health, cognitive function, cancer, and other chronic diseases, little is known about its effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to MD and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis RA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cohort study and a systematic review. A total of 117,341 RA-free participants from the UK Biobank were included in 2006-2010 and followed for incident RA until 2021. The MEDI-LITE score was calculated using the consumption of nine food components to estimate adherence to MD. We examined the associations between the MEDI-LITE score and the risk of RA using the Cox proportional hazard model. Relevant studies for the systematic review were identified through six databases. We performed a meta-analysis to pool the effect estimates from our cohort study and identified relevant studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 9.42 years, 773 participants developed RA. Compared with the bottom quartile of the MEDI-LITE score, the risk of RA was lower in the highest quartile (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.713, 95% CI = 0.580 to 0.876). Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the highest versus lowest adherence to MD and the risk of RA was 0.838 (95% CI = 0.758 to 0.926).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher adherence to MD was associated with a lower risk of RA. Our finding provides updated evidence on the importance of diet in RA development and novel directions for RA prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal first trimester SIMPLE nutritional score, early markers of placental function and pregnancy outcome: a prospective multicenter Italian study (SIMPLE study).","authors":"Francesca Parisi, Chiara Coco, Giovanna Esposito, Stefano Guerriero, Valeria Savasi, Luca Marozio, Felice Petraglia, Arsenio Spinillo, Maurizio Guida, Giampiero Capobianco, Nicoletta Di Simone, Maddalena Morlando, Rosario D'anna, Luigi Nappi, Irene Cetin","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01619-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01619-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate associations between the first trimester SIMPLE nutritional score, early placental markers, and pregnancy outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a longitudinal prospective multicenter observational cohort study recruiting healthy women with no comorbidities and singleton viable pregnancies undergoing first trimester prenatal screening. The SIMPLE nutritional score, biochemical (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-a), free ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG)) and ultrasound (placental volume, uterine artery Doppler velocimetry) markers of placental function were collected at enrollment. Birth outcomes were collected at delivery.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Multivariate generalized linear and logistic regression models were performed to investigate associations between SIMPLE score subgroups (<6 versus ≥6) and items, placental markers, and pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 2363 women enrolled, 325 were classified at high nutritional risk based on a first trimester SIMPLE score lower than 6. Multi-adjusted models showed that the SIMPLE score subgroup was significantly associated with first trimester PAPP-a concentrations (SIMPLE score ≥6 versus <6: β = 0.047 (95% CI 0.004;0.089), p < 0.05), as well as with the emergency cesarean section rates (SIMPLE score ≥6 versus <6: aOR = 0.73 (95% CI -1.38;-0.07), p < 0.05). The single item related to the first trimester hemoglobin concentrations higher than 110 g/L was significantly associated with early placental markers, birth (β = -116.2 (95% CI -213.6;18.7), p < 0.05) and placental weights (β = -28.2 (95% CI -50.4;6.0), p < 0.05) in multi-adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observed associations support the introduction of the SIMPLE score in clinical practice as a useful tool for predicting early placental development and pregnancy outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction time of highly allergenic foods to the infant diet in a UK cohort and association with a family history of allergy.","authors":"Suzannah Helps, Gillian Mancz, Taraneh Dean","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01617-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01617-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>To describe the introduction of highly allergenic foods in a UK population sample, and to determine whether the introduction of highly allergenic foods differed in infants with family history of allergy.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>A population birth cohort study recruited eligible pregnant women while they were attending an antenatal ultrasound clinic appointment at a UK city hospital. Parent-reported family history of allergy and infant diet were collected through structured interviews at recruitment and postal questionnaires. Parents reported on their infants' diet and introduction of highly allergenic foods at around 6 months (n = 216) and around 12 months (n = 193), and infant diet around 24 months of age (n = 139).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most highly allergenic foods were introduced to infants at around 6-9 months. However, nut and egg were introduced much later, and 21% of children had not been exposed to egg and 35% of infants had not been exposed to nuts by 12 months. Family history of allergy did not predict late introduction of any of the highly allergenic foods but infants with a family history of allergy were more likely to have diets that avoided foods due to allergy (most commonly dairy, soya, egg and nuts).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The introduction of egg and nuts was delayed beyond one year of age in a large proportion of infants, and infants with a family history of allergy were more likely to have diets that avoided foods due to allergy. These could be modifiable risk factors for allergy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}