European Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of nutritional status and eating behaviours in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study.","authors":"Alice Scricciolo, Vincenza Lombardo, Karla Amada Bascuñán, Magdalena Araya, Luca Elli, Andrea Costantino, Rachele Gori, Giulia Gilberti, Flavio Caprioli, Gian Eugenio Tontini, Maurizio Vecchi, Federica Mascaretti, Luisa Doneda, Valentina Meschia, Leda Roncoroni","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01645-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01645-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with varying clinical presentations. Current literature lacks specific dietary recommendations, though diets may serve as potential tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study, conducted at IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan from April 2020 to July 2022, aimed to evaluate the diets of UC and CD patients, focusing on preferred and avoided foods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed 67.4% and 80.9% of participants in remission by Mayo and HBI scores, respectively, with normal nutritional status and higher weight in CD versus UC patients and controls. Lactose-free diets were most common (21.3% UC, 17.4% CD, 11.6% controls), followed by gluten-free diets (23.4% UC, 13.4% CD, 9.3% controls). Low-FODMAPS diet adoption was minimal. Fibre avoidance was notable in CD (52%) and UC (45%) versus controls (5%). Pasta and bread consumption were high across groups. No dietary associations with disease activity or intergroup differences were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study population exhibited mild to moderate disease activity, normal nutritional status and prevalent dietary restrictions affecting nutrient intake and quality of life. Lactose-free diets were frequently employed, while gluten-free and low-FODMAPS diets were less common. Encouraging supervised fibre intake is recommended to prevent microbiota alterations negatively impacting intestinal health and homeostasis in IBD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of kidney replacement therapy on indirect calorimetry in critically ill patients.","authors":"Annalena Knoll, Sirak Petros, Bastian Pasieka, Lorenz Weidhase","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01643-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01643-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is frequently implemented in the intensive care unit. While measuring energy expenditure is recommended in the critically ill, the influence of KRT on indirect calorimetry (IC) is not fully clear. This prospective study aimed to investigate the influence of continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) and slow extended daily dialysis (SLEDD) on IC variables.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We included critically ill mechanically ventilated adult medical patients on KRT for acute kidney injury. CVVHD was run with regional citrate anticoagulation, while SLEDD with systemic heparin anticoagulation. We conducted IC twice on every patient, either immediately before the planned termination of KRT and then an hour after the end of KRT or immediately before commencement of KRT and then again after an hour on KRT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 100 patients (75 males) with a median age of 64.0 years, a mean APACHE-II score of 30.9 and a mean SOFA score of 11.3 on the day of IC. There was no significant difference in median resting energy expenditure with versus without CVVHD (8029 [6993-9644] versus 7814 [6962-9304] kJ, p = 0.75) as well as with versus without SLEDD (9258 [8017-10,364] versus 9269 [8070-11,065] kJ, p = 0.63). The difference in resting energy expenditure between the two measurements was also not significant regardless of the sequence of IC measurements (p = 0.69).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This prospective study on critically ill adult patients did not show any significant difference for indirect calorimetry variables between measurements conducted during CVVHD and SLEDD compared to those without KRT.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov ID: NCT04599569.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An RFH-NPT-based nomogram for predicting the long-term survival of liver cirrhosis patients: a multicenter study.","authors":"Chengbin Zhu, Yuchao Wu, Fulian Zhao, Ruojing Wang, Qijuan Zang, Zhe Jiao, Yage Zhu, Taotao Yan, Juan Du, Li Zhu, Weimin Li, Yongqin Li, Qing Fan, Anping Wu, Xiaodan Liu, Dianzu Liu, Xianmei Tang, Xiaoxiao Xu, Huaying Liao, Yu Li, Yingren Zhao, Yingli He, Yuan Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01648-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01648-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) identifies nutritional risk in patients with liver disease, an important factor in cirrhosis outcomes. Recognizing the gap in existing prognostic models, which often overlook malnutrition, we developed and validated an RFH-NPT-based model for predicting outcomes of patients with cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included inpatients with cirrhosis from a single center between February and July 2016 (training cohort) and patients from six other medical centers admitted between December 2011 and May 2022 (validation cohort). RFH-NPT assessment was conducted at admission, followed by a 5-year follow-up. A nomogram was created using prognostic variables from Cox modeling, best subset regression (BSR), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Its performance was evaluated using various statistical methods and compared with that of existing models such as the Child‒Pugh, MELD, and MELD-Na.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 152 patients were included in the training cohort. The nutritional risk was significantly greater in nonsurvivors (81.1%) than in survivors (46.5%). The nomogram showed better accuracy in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival than traditional methods. The nomogram's effectiveness was confirmed in the validation cohort of 320 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study re-emphasizes the critical role of malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis and establishes an effective RFH-NPT-based model for outcome prediction.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05513651).</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of serum total antioxidant capacity and uric acid with obesity and cardiometabolic traits in Mexican children.","authors":"Ana Nava-Cabrera, Armando Ramírez-Cruz, Araceli Pérez-Bautista, Alan Canul-Ayil, Gloria Chi-Díaz, Elena Flores-Guillén, Miguel Vazquez-Moreno, Miguel Cruz","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01651-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01651-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Serum total antioxidant capacity (sTAC) and uric acid (SUA) levels have been related to oxidative stress in metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, the evidence in epidemiological studies is still scarce and inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between sTAC, SUA, obesity, and cardiometabolic traits in Mexican children.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed anthropometric data, blood pressure, cardiometabolic traits, and SUA levels of 248 children with normal weight (NW) and 255 with obesity (OB). sTAC was measured with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>sTAC was directly related to SUA (β = 0.905 ± 0.358, p = 0.012). Obesity was positively associated with sTAC (β = 0.075 ± 0.020, p < 0.001) and SUA (β = 0.706 ± 0.129, p < 0.001). sTAC was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (β = -8.458 ± 3.758, p = 0.026) in NW children and positively associated with insulin (β = 9.511 ± 3.107, p = 0.002) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (β = 2.065 ± 0.680, p = 0.003) in OB children. SUA showed negative associations with total cholesterol (β = -4.062 ± 1.340, p = 0.003) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = -2.470 ± 1.190, p = 0.039) in NW children and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = -1.306 ± 0.409, p < 0.01) in OB children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>sTAC and SUA are positively associated and are increased in obesity. According to weight status, sTAC and SUA are associated with blood pressure, insulin resistance markers, and lipid profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dairy intake and multiple health outcomes: a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.","authors":"Saskia Akyil, Stefanie Winkler, Dorothy Meyer, Eva Kiesswetter, Martin Kussmann, Lukas Schwingshackl, Hans Hauner","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01639-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01639-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food-based dietary guidelines acknowledge non-fortified dairy foods as a source of multiple essential vitamins and minerals as well as high-quality protein. Considering the cultural significance of dairy foods in our diet and the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, it is essential to continuously evaluate the entirety of data regarding the impact of dairy consumption on various health-related outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed in three databases: Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Systematic reviews published between January 2014 and February 2024 based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies, case-control studies, and/or cross-sectional studies in adults, focusing on the consumption of bovine dairy products were evaluated for inclusion. Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund on selected cancer outcomes were also included in this review. We identified 95 reports encompassing five dairy exposure categories on 29 different health outcomes. Out of 281 associations identified, 37.7% linked dairy consumption to a reduced risk, while 48.0% showed no association with disease risk. Inconclusive results were found in 10.0% of the associations, and 4.3% indicated an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Overall, the evidence suggests that consuming dairy is not associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases or mortality. In fact, it may moderately reduce the risk of several health outcomes, including adverse cardiovascular outcomes and certain cancers such as bladder, breast, colorectal, liver, oral, and ovarian. Some studies have also linked dairy consumption to improved body composition, lower rates of type 2 diabetes, and better bone health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The acute effects of moderate-intensity continuous or high-intensity interval exercise on appetite and appetite-related hormones in South Asian and white European adults with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia.","authors":"Tonghui Shen, Alice E Thackray, Jack A Sargeant, Thomas Yates, James A King, Scott A Willis, David J Stensel","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01650-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01650-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of voluntary food reformulation targets: Mid-point assessment of Australia's voluntary sodium and saturated fat reduction policy.","authors":"Daisy H Coyle, Liping Huang, Monica Hu, Nadine Ghammachi, Simone Pettigrew, Jason H Y Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01647-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01647-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Most reformulation initiatives worldwide are implemented through voluntary measures. Despite the reliance on voluntary targets, there is limited evidence of their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess the impact of Australia's voluntary sodium and saturated fat reformulation policy halfway through its four-year implementation period.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>The 2019 and 2022 FoodSwitch databases provided data on the nutritional composition of packaged foods sold by major Australian supermarket retailers. For the food categories targeted by the policy, we assessed changes between 2019 and 2022 in (i) the overall proportions of products that met the sodium and saturated fat targets and (ii) changes in the proportion of products meeting the targets across the top 10 leading food manufacturers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2019 and 2022, there was a small increase in the proportion of products meeting the sodium targets (50.0% in 2019 versus 57.5% in 2022, p < 0.001). Across the top 10 manufacturers that sold products subject to a sodium target, seven made progress towards meeting the targets (ranging from +1.6% to +30.2%). For saturated fat, the proportion of products meeting the targets didn't change (61.1% in 2019 versus 60.2% in 2022, p = 0.74) and nine of the 10 top manufacturers did not make any progress towards meeting the targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Midway through the implementation period of Australia's voluntary sodium and saturated fat targets, food manufacturers have made minimal progress towards meeting the targets, especially for saturated fat.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum days estimation for reliable dietary intake information: findings from a digital cohort.","authors":"Rohan Singh, Mathieu Théo Eric Verest, Marcel Salathé","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01644-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01644-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Accurate dietary assessment is essential for understanding diet-health relationships, yet day-to-day variability in intake complicates the identification of individuals' usual consumption. This study aimed to determine the minimum number of days required to obtain reliable estimates of dietary intake across various nutrients and food groups using data from a large digital cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed dietary data from 958 participants of the \"Food & You\" study in Switzerland, who tracked their meals for 2-4 weeks using the AI-assisted MyFoodRepo app. Over 315,000 meals were logged across 23,335 participant days. We assessed day-of-week intake patterns using linear mixed models and estimated minimum days for reliable measurement using two complementary methods: (1) the coefficient of variation (CV) method based on within- and between-subject variability, and (2) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis across all possible day combinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicate that water, coffee, and total food quantity can be reliably estimated (r > 0.85) with just 1-2 days of data. Most macronutrients, including carbohydrates, protein, and fat, achieved good reliability (r = 0.8) within 2-3 days. Micronutrients and food groups like meat and vegetables generally required 3-4 days. Linear mixed models revealed significant day-of-week effects, with higher energy, carbohydrate, and alcohol intake on weekends-especially among younger participants and those with higher BMI. ICC analyses further showed that including both weekdays and weekends increased reliability, and specific day combinations outperformed others.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Three to four days of dietary data collection, ideally non-consecutive and including at least one weekend day, are sufficient for reliable estimation of most nutrients. These results support and refine FAO recommendations, offering more nutrient-specific guidance for efficient and accurate dietary assessment in epidemiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary diversity and metabolic health among people in Västerbotten, Sweden.","authors":"Anna Winkvist, Ciara Mangan, Ingegerd Johansson, Annemarie E Bennett","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01649-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01649-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High dietary diversity is recognized as a crucial element of diet quality because this ensures abundant nutrients. A diverse diet may also provide health benefits beyond nutritional adequacy. Few studies have evaluated associations with lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary diversity and metabolic health and common measures of diet quality in a large population-based sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional analysis within the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP). Participants filled out an extensive health questionnaire including a 66-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FFQ was used to create dietary diversity scores (DDS) for 5 major and 13 minor food groups. Associations between DDS and concurrent fasting lipid profile and measured body mass index (BMI) were explored with multivariable linear regression. Correlation analyses were used to explore the relationship between DDS and diet quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 51 ± 8.3 years, with females comprising 50.8% of the study population (n = 82,171). Higher DDS was associated with decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (all p < 0.01). DDS had no significant association with BMI. DDS had a positive correlation with the Relative Mediterranean Diet Score, the Healthy Nordic Food Index and the Healthy Diet Score, and a negative correlation with the Dietary Inflammatory Index (all p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results add to the body of research showing metabolic health benefits of dietary diversity. More consistent methods of measuring dietary diversity should be developed, with careful consideration given to the healthfulness of foods included in the definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-amylose barley bread improves postprandial glycemia compared to regular barley and wheat bread in subjects with or without type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Mette Bohl, Søren Gregersen, Zhihang Li, Andreas Blennow, Kim H Hebelstrup, Kjeld Hermansen","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01646-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01646-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genetically modified (GMO) high-amylose barley lowers postprandial glucose. Since certain EU countries do not allow GMO barley, we therefore assessed if high-amylose barley made from traditional breeding (Lean Baking Barley, LBB) lowers postprandial glucose compared to bread made from regular barley (RB) or wheat (WF) in individuals with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomised crossover design, 38 participants (18 T2D and 20 non-T2D) consumed 160 g of bread made from 100% LBB, RB, or WF. Postprandial metabolic responses, appetite and bread perception were measured. A mixed model ANOVA was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LBB bread reduced 4 h postprandial glucose measured as incremental area under the curve (iAUC) by 41% and 39% vs. WF and RB bread in T2D and by 28% and 32% in non-T2D (all, P < 0.05). In T2D, LBB reduced postprandial insulin (iAUC) by 52% and 38% vs. WF and RB, and by 60% vs. WF in non-T2D (all, P < 0.05). Postprandial GIP (iAUC) was lower after LBB in both groups vs. RB and WF (P < 0.05). GLP-1 (iAUC) and FFA (tAUC) were lower after LBB vs. WF in non-T2D (P < 0.05), but not in T2D. Appetite scores were similar for all breads. Overall liking was higher for WF but did not differ between barley types.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LBB breads reduce postprandial glucose and insulin compared to RB and WF bread in individuals irrespective of T2D. LBB may have potential as a functional food in prevention and management of T2D. ClinicalTrails.gov registration: NCT04702672.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}