European Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Narrative review: nutritional strategies for ageing populations - focusing on dysphagia and geriatric nutritional needs.","authors":"Edda Cava, Mauro Lombardo","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01513-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-024-01513-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increase in elderly populations worldwide highlights the urgency of addressing age-related problems through effective nutritional management to enhance the well-being of the elderly and for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The trend towards an increasing elderly population brings with it an increase in conditions such as sarcopenia, osteosarcopenia and frailty, emphasising the importance of regular checks for malnutrition in the elderly and the implementation of personalised nutritional therapies. The importance of nutrition in addressing geriatric syndromes such as frailty, sarcopenia, osteosarcopenia, obesity and metabolic syndrome is highlighted. Dysphagia, frequent in the elderly, requires special attention to prevent malnutrition and complications. It is essential to maintain muscle mass and bone health in old age. In this review we investigate the fundamental role of nutrition in geriatrics, focusing on promoting healthy ageing and managing problems such as malnutrition and overeating. The importance of protein intake and healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet are then discussed. Finally, the challenges of personalised nutritional care, including the need for artificial nutrition or oral supplements, to improve quality of life and health care in an ageing society are addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cholecalciferol versus calcifediol on serum 25(OH)D concentrations: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Selma Bouden, Meriam Ben Messaoud, Olfa Saidane, Leila Rouached, Aicha Ben Tekaya, Ines Mahmoud, Rawdha Tekaya, Chedly Dziri, Leila Abdelmoula","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01520-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01520-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deficiency in vitamin D is widely prevalent around the world. Oral vitamin D supplementation is suggested for older adults to sustain appropriate 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels throughout the year. At present, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) are the most commonly used compounds. Supplementation with calcifediol (25OHD3) rather than vitamin D itself should also be considered for the treatment. We performed a systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis to assess the effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) compared to calcifediol (25OHD3) on increasing serum 25(OH)D levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of online databases was performed electronically for all relevant observational published population-based studies until November 2023, without geographical restrictions. We included studies that directly compared the effects of cholecalciferol and calcifediol on increasing concentrations of serum 25(OH)D. Only papers in English or French languages were considered. Records were screened and data were retrieved through a standardized extraction process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies including 1575 participants were reviewed. Twelve intervention trials showed that, in spite of the dosage or the frequency of administration, calcifediol supplementation was more efficacious in raising serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared with cholecalciferol. Two studies showed that calcifediol and cholecalciferol were identically potent. According to three studies, cholecalciferol was more effective than calcifediol in raising 25(OH)D concentrations. A meta-analysis including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized trials revealed that calcifediol supplementation had a better impact on elevating serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared with the effect of cholecalciferol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis suggests that calcifediol is more effective in increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared to cholecalciferol. Consequently, calcifediol may emerge as the preferred option for supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there dietary macronutrient malabsorption in children with environmental enteropathy?","authors":"Nirupama Shivakumar,&nbsp;Douglas J. Morrison,&nbsp;Shalini G. Hegde,&nbsp;Anura V. Kurpad,&nbsp;Paul Kelly","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01510-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01510-z","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing the digestive and absorptive capacity of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) using minimally- or non-invasive methods, particularly in children, has been difficult owing to the complex physiology and variability in functional measurements. However, measuring GIT function is increasingly important with the emerging relevance of childhood environmental enteropathy (EE) as a mediating factor in linear growth faltering, severe acute malnutrition, poor oral vaccine uptake and impaired cognition. In EE, sub-optimal nutrient digestion and absorption (malabsorption) forms the critical link to the conditions mentioned above. The present narrative review discusses probable mechanisms that can cause malabsorption of macronutrients, along with mechanistic and experimental evidence, in children (if not, in adults) with EE. The strengths and limitations of the human experimental studies are examined in relation to a battery of existing and potential tests that are used to measure malabsorption. From the available studies conducted in children, lactose and fat malabsorption are more likely to occur in EE. Breath tests (non-invasive) measuring carbohydrate (13C-starch/sucrose/lactose), fat (13C-mixed triglyceride) and dipeptide (benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-L-1-13C-alanine) malabsorption with modifications to the existing protocols seem suitable for use in children with EE. Future research should focus on understanding the degree of macronutrient malabsorption using these tests, in different settings, and link them to functional outcomes (such as growth, muscle strength, cognition).","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 3","pages":"181-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-024-01510-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in adults with different patterns of diet: a cross-sectional study in north-western Tanzania","authors":"Evangelista Kenan Malindisa,&nbsp;Haruna Dika,&nbsp;Andrea Mary Rehman,&nbsp;Mette Frahm Olsen,&nbsp;Rikke Krogh-Madsen,&nbsp;Ruth Frikke-Schmidt,&nbsp;Henrik Friis,&nbsp;Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen,&nbsp;Suzanne Filteau,&nbsp;George PrayGod","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01518-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01518-5","url":null,"abstract":"The diabetes burden in sub-Saharan Africa is rising, but there is little African data on associations between diet, insulin resistance, and beta-cell dysfunction. We investigated the association between dietary patterns and insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction among adults in Mwanza, Tanzania. In a cross-sectional study involving adults with or without HIV, insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction were calculated from plasma insulin and glucose measures during an oral glucose tolerance test. Diet data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis and reduced rank regression. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between exposure variables (dietary patterns terciles) with outcome variables (insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction), adjusting for HIV status, age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Of 462 participants, the mean age was 42 (±12) years, 58% were females, and 60% were HIV-infected. Carbohydrate-dense patterns were associated with more insulin resistance by HOMA-IR (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5; 4.8) and Matsuda index (aOR 3.7, 95% CI 2.0; 6.7), but not with either HOMA-β, insulinogenic index or oral disposition index. The level of adherence to either the vegetable-rich or vegetable-poor pattern was not associated with any of the markers of insulin resistance or beta-cell dysfunction. HIV infection did not affect the association between patterns of diet and glucose metabolism outcomes. The lack of association between either vegetable-rich or vegetable-poor patterns with insulin resistance or beta cell dysfunction requires further research.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 2","pages":"148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvements to mood, stress and loneliness following 12-week multivitamin supplementation in older adults: a randomised, placebo-controlled, trial","authors":"Sarah Docherty,&nbsp;Mark A. Wetherell,&nbsp;Lynn McInnes,&nbsp;Crystal. F. Haskell-Ramsay","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01517-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01517-6","url":null,"abstract":"Research has indicated the potential for multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplementation to improve aspects of wellbeing and cognitive function in older adults via a range of biological mechanisms. However, outside of cognitive function and mood, this research rarely assesses other outcomes that are pertinent to the daily lives of older adults. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a MVM supplement on meaningful outcomes of everyday functioning in older adults. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups trial investigated the effects of 12-week MVM supplementation on measures of wellbeing, mood, and memory; physical health and activity; and social interaction and loneliness. Outcomes were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks in a sample of 228 (124 female) older adults ( &gt; 70 years). MVM supplementation had no effect on the primary outcome of wellbeing (p = 0.29 in males, p = 0.421 in females), but led to increased feelings of friendliness in females (p = 0.045). In males, following MVM, there were lower levels of prolonged stress reactivity (p = 0.007), lower overall stress reactivity (p = 0.019), and lower emotional loneliness (p = 0.042). This study provides novel evidence of increased friendliness and decreased stress reactivity and loneliness following MVM supplementation in older adults. These findings support the exploration of broader functions pertinent to aspects of daily living in older adults. Sex differences in response highlight the importance of exploring effects in men and women separately and support a recommendation for the inclusion of diverse samples in future research that are representative of the population.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 2","pages":"126-135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-024-01517-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Mediterranean diet on incidence of heart failure in European countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","authors":"Nicola Veronese,&nbsp;Francesco Saverio Ragusa,&nbsp;Stefania Maggi,&nbsp;Oliver C. Witard,&nbsp;Lee Smith,&nbsp;Ligia J. Dominguez,&nbsp;Mario Barbagallo,&nbsp;Masoud Isanejad,&nbsp;Konstantinos Prokopidis","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01519-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01519-4","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, and its prevalence is increased due to age, genetics, and lifestyle factors. Emerging evidence suggests that the Mediterranean Diet (Med Diet) is linked to lower all-cause mortality in patients with increased cardiovascular disease risk, such as those with HF. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies into the relationship between the Med Diet on HF risk. Several databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) until the 01st of May 2023 were searched. Our research was conducted based on the updated 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were reported as risk ratios (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as results of multivariate or univariate analyses. From the original 1206 studies collected, six observational prospective studies were included, with a total of 216,385 European participants without evidence of HF at baseline. Over a mean period of 11 years of follow-up, a 1-point increase in the Med Diet score was associated with a significantly lower risk of HF (RR = 0.940; 95% CI: 0.912–0.969, p &lt; 0.0001; I2 = 42.9%). Categorised by sex, a higher adherence to Med Diet was associated with a significantly lower incidence of HF in women (RR = 0.942; 95% CI: 0.912-0.973, p = 0.001; I2 = 41.8%), but not in men. The overall quality of included studies was good. Higher adherence to Med Diet across European countries is associated with lower risk of HF, particularly in women.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 3","pages":"195-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of three objective nutritional screening tools for identifying GLIM-defined malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer","authors":"Junbo Zuo,&nbsp;Yan Huang,&nbsp;Zhenhua Huang,&nbsp;Jingxin Zhang,&nbsp;Wenji Hou,&nbsp;Chen Wang,&nbsp;Xiuhua Wang,&nbsp;Xuefeng Bu","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01514-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01514-9","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare three objective nutritional screening tools for identifying GLIM-defined malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Objective nutritional screening tools including geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, were evaluated in patients with GC at our institution. Malnutrition was diagnosed according to the GLIM criteria. The diagnostic value of GNRI, PNI, and COUNT scores in identifying GLIM-defined malnutrition was assessed by conducting Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Additionally, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were determined. The Kappa coefficient (k) was used to assess agreement between three objective nutritional screening tools and GLIM criteria. A total of 316 patients were enrolled in this study, and malnutrition was diagnosed in 151 (47.8%) patients based on the GLIM criteria. The GNRI demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.805, 95% CI: 0.758–0.852) for detecting GLIM-defined malnutrition, while the PNI and COUNT score showed poor diagnostic accuracy with AUCs of 0.699 (95% CI: 0.641–0.757) and 0.665 (95% CI: 0.605–0.725) respectively. Among these objective nutritional screening tools, the GNRI-based malnutrition risk assessment demonstrated the highest specificity (80.0%), accuracy (72.8%), PPV (74.8%), NPV (71.4%), and consistency (k = 0.452) with GLIM-defined malnutrition. Compared to PNI and COUNT scores, GNRI demonstrated superior performance as an objective nutritional screening tool for identifying GLIM-defined malnutrition in GC patients.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 1","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in the Ntele camp for internally displaced persons (Cabo Delgado, Mozambique): a preliminary study","authors":"Manuel Mussa Aly,&nbsp;Cristiana Berti,&nbsp;Felício Chemane,&nbsp;Cesar Macuelo,&nbsp;Kodak Raúl Marroda,&nbsp;Adriano La Vecchia,&nbsp;Carlo Agostoni,&nbsp;Mattia Baglioni","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01516-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01516-7","url":null,"abstract":"In July 2022, we conducted a pilot cross-sectional study, within a project funded by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, to investigate the prevalence and predictors of anemia in children aged 6–59 months living in the Ntele camp (Mozambique), created for internally displaced persons (IDPs). We analyzed blood samples for hemoglobin (Hb) and Plasmodium antigens; stool and urine for parasites. Associations between variables were assessed by performing univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Based on the World Health Organization’s Hb cut-offs, we defined anemia (Hb &lt; 110 g/L) as mild (Hb = 100–109 g/L), moderate (Hb = 70–99 g/L), and severe (Hb &lt; 70 g/L). We included 245 children, 212 (83%) were anemic, with 30 (12%) being severely anemic, and 95 (39%) suffered from malaria. Children with moderate-severe anemia were younger than others (mean age = 25.3 and 29.5 months, respectively; p = 0.02). Malaria was positively correlated with moderate to severe anemia (crude OR [95%CI] = 2.5 [1.5-4.5]; sex and age-adjusted OR [95%CI] = 3.1 [1.7-5.6]). Anemia in children under 5 years of age represents an urgent public health threat in the IDPs camp of Ntele, with malaria potentially making them much more susceptible to moderate-severe anemia and other diseases.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 1","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-024-01516-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-processed foods and health: are we correctly interpreting the available evidence?","authors":"Francesco Visioli,&nbsp;Daniele Del Rio,&nbsp;Vincenzo Fogliano,&nbsp;Franca Marangoni,&nbsp;Cristian Ricci,&nbsp;Andrea Poli","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01515-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01515-8","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have linked adverse health effects to the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) according to the NOVA classification. However, whether the consumption of UPF is the actual causal factor for such health outcomes is still unknown. Indeed, different groups of UPF examined in the same epidemiologic study often show markedly different associations with the occurrence of the health endpoints. In this Comment, we discuss some such studies and point out that the available evidence on how different UPFs have been associated with health, as well as the results of studies examining specific food additives, call into question the possibility that ultra-processing per se is the real culprit. It is possible that other unaccounted for confounding factors play an important role. Future, urgently needed studies will clarify this issue.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 3","pages":"177-180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-024-01515-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of carotenoid supplementation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Nafiseh Shokri-Mashhadi,&nbsp;Christina Baechle,&nbsp;Tim Schiemann,&nbsp;Edyta Schaefer,&nbsp;Janett Barbaresko,&nbsp;Sabrina Schlesinger","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01511-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01511-y","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of carotenoid supplementation on glycemic indices, and the certainty of evidence. A systematic literature search in PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI–Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception up to Jun 17, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of carotenoid supplementation on circulating glycemic parameters were included. Records were excluded when studies reported the effect of co-interventions with other nutrients, did not provide mean differences (MDs) and standard deviations (SD) for outcomes, or administered whole food rather than supplements of carotenoids. Summary mean differences (MDs) and 95% CI between intervention and control groups were estimated using a random-effects model. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool. Overall, 36 publications with 45 estimated effect sizes were included in the meta-analyses. The overall findings showed an improvement in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (MD = −4.54 mg/dl; 95% CI: −5.9, −3.2; n = 45), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) (MD = −0.25% (95% CI: −0.4, −0.11; n = 22) in the intervention group in comparison with the control group. Moreover, in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), interventions with astaxanthin and fucoxanthin led to a reduction in FBG by 4.36 mg/dl (95% CI: −6.13, −2.6; n = 10). The findings also showed that the intervention with crocin reduced FBG levels by 13.5 mg/dl (95% CI: −15.5, −7.8; n = 5), and HbA1C by 0.55% (95% CI: −0.77, −0.34; n = 5) in individuals with T2D. However, the certainty of evidence was very low. Carotenoid’s supplementation improved glycemic parameters especially in people with T2D. However. the certainty of evidence was very low, mainly due to small sample size, and indirectness. Therefore, no specific recommendations can be provided at present and well-designed RCTs are required. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ CRD42021285084 PROSPERO ID: CRD42021285084","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 2","pages":"113-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}