Burcu Özen Yeşil, Esra Köseler Beyaz, Nevra Koç, Halil İbrahim Aydın, Çiğdem Seher Kasapkara
{"title":"Evaluation of food rejection and swallowing function in inherited metabolic diseases on diet therapy","authors":"Burcu Özen Yeşil, Esra Köseler Beyaz, Nevra Koç, Halil İbrahim Aydın, Çiğdem Seher Kasapkara","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01765-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01765-8","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding difficulties and swallowing dysfunction are common clinical problems in children with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs); however, evidence in the literature remains limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate food refusal and swallowing function in children with IMDs receiving diet therapy and to investigate their relationship with malnutrition risk. This cross-sectional study included 49 children aged 2–6 years diagnosed with carbohydrate (30.6%) and protein (69.4%) metabolism disorders. The STRONGkids tool was used to evaluate malnutrition risk, while nutritional classification was based on WHO-derived anthropometric Z-scores. Swallowing function was assessed using the Pedi-EAT-10, and food refusal behaviors were evaluated with the Food Refusal Scale. Sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of high malnutrition risk. According to STRONGkids results, 85.7% of the participants were at moderate risk and 14.3% were at high risk of malnutrition. Higher Pedi-EAT-10 scores were significantly associated with early complementary feeding, prolonged feeding duration, extended total daily feeding time, and reported feeding difficulties (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that Pedi-EAT-10 (OR: 1.125; 95% CI: 1.025–1.236; p = 0.013), selectivity (OR: 1.241; 95% CI: 1.110–1.645; p = 0.044), and neophobia (OR: 1.430; 95% CI: 1.117–1.829; p = 0.005) were independently associated with high malnutrition risk. Food refusal behaviors and swallowing dysfunction are significantly associated with malnutrition risk in children with IMDs. Comprehensive assessment of feeding behavior and swallowing function may facilitate early identification of nutritional vulnerability and support individualized dietary management strategies.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 8","pages":"763-771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ezzat, H. Handoussa, K. Elsayed, M. Wanas, M. Mansour
{"title":"Nutraceuticals as modulators of genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors in obesity","authors":"M. Ezzat, H. Handoussa, K. Elsayed, M. Wanas, M. Mansour","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01751-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01751-0","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is caused by a combination of complex genetic and environmental factors. Although changing one’s lifestyle remains the foundation of therapy, forthcoming research suggests that nutraceuticals may also have an impact on the molecular pathways underlying weight regulation. The impact of particular nutraceuticals on the genetics, epigenetics of genes and hormones associated with obesity is thoroughly examined in this review. We integrated results from human clinical trials, in vivo and in vitro research. According to our research, epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification and modulation of microRNA activity, are the primary mechanisms by which these nutraceuticals alter gene expression and hormonal balance. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory qualities and capacity to regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. Based on this research, nutraceuticals that target the genetic and epigenetic landscape have great potential as complementary therapy in the prevention and control of obesity. To clarify the best dosages, long-term effects and therapeutic efficacy in various populations, more research is necessary.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 7","pages":"648-671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147981227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A call for methodological rigour: suspending systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies on ultra-processed foods","authors":"Jimmy Chun Yu Louie","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01764-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01764-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 7","pages":"643-647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-026-01764-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Goddard, Anthony Watson, Rowena Tilbury, Bernard M. Corfe, Andrea Fairley
{"title":"Circannual prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in older and minoritized ethnic adults in Northern Britain: screening outcomes from a clinical trial","authors":"Alice Goddard, Anthony Watson, Rowena Tilbury, Bernard M. Corfe, Andrea Fairley","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01760-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01760-z","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D is essential for bone and metabolic health. Deficiency remains a global health issue, particularly among older adults and ethnic minorities with darker skin pigmentation. Data on circannual variation these groups remain sparse. This study reports vitamin D status in older adults ( ≥ 65 years) and ethnic adults ( ≥ 18 years, Fitzpatrick classes IV–VI) in northern Britain, assessed during the screening phase of a supplementation trial. Participants were screened for inclusion between December 2024 and August 2025. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was assessed in dried blood spots followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. In total, 299 participants were screened. Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency ( < 50 nmol/L) was noted in 54.8% of older adults and 72.1% of ethnic individuals. These rates did not decline during summer months. These findings highlight persistently high rates of vitamin D insufficiency across high-risk groups in northern Britain and underscore the inadequacy of sunlight exposure as a corrective measure.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 8","pages":"855-858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-026-01760-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shu Ran, Haopeng Li, Zhichen Li, Yuehua Li, Yapeng Fang, Baolin Liu
{"title":"Identification of PTPRR gene associated with cirrhosis and sarcopenia based on bioinformatics and machine learning","authors":"Shu Ran, Haopeng Li, Zhichen Li, Yuehua Li, Yapeng Fang, Baolin Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01752-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01752-z","url":null,"abstract":"Cirrhosis and sarcopenia frequently coexist and are associated with poor clinical outcomes; however, their shared genetic basis remains incompletely understood. We applied conditional and conjunctional false discovery rate (cFDR/ccFDR) analyses to genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for cirrhosis and sarcopenia-related traits, including appendicular lean mass (ALM) and usual walking pace (UWP). In parallel, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and three machine learning algorithms (LASSO, random forest, and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination) were applied to liver and skeletal muscle transcriptomes. External validation was performed using independent transcriptomic cohorts. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to explore causal directions. GWAS-based pleiotropic analysis identified seven shared genetic loci for both conditions cirrhosis and sarcopenia. Transcriptomic and machine learning analyses prioritized eight shared candidate genes across liver and skeletal muscle tissues, among which PTPRR emerged as a convergent candidate identified by multiple analytical layers. Functional enrichment revealed pleiotropic loci were primarily associated with lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways, whereas machine learning-derived genes were enriched in intracellular signaling and transcriptional regulation. MR analyses further suggested that genetically predicted higher ALM and faster UWP were associated with a lower risk of cirrhosis (inverse-variance weighted [IVW] P = 0.0127 and 0.0211, respectively). By jointly reporting pleiotropic genetic loci and shared candidate genes, this study provides a multi-layered view of the genetic architecture underlying cirrhosis-sarcopenia comorbidity and supports the robustness of the identified gene signature across independent transcriptomic datasets, highlighting candidate molecular targets for future mechanistic investigation.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 8","pages":"814-832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147873742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samir Nait-Yahia, Mikael F. Kanaan, Noémie Beauregard, Merissa Jade Anderton, Andrea Duval, Éric Doucet
{"title":"A 4-week caloric restriction with high volume resistance-training and high-protein diet does not increase fat-free mass sparing but increases strength","authors":"Samir Nait-Yahia, Mikael F. Kanaan, Noémie Beauregard, Merissa Jade Anderton, Andrea Duval, Éric Doucet","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01757-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01757-8","url":null,"abstract":"Athletes employ weight loss protocols to lower fat mass (FM) and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) for performance purposes. High volume resistance-training (HVRT) has been associated with greater increases in FFM than low volume resistance-training (LVRT). However, less is known about the effects of HVRT under caloric restriction (CR). Therefore, it remains unclear whether HVRT could elicit greater retention of FFM and improvements in strength during CR. Determine the effects of HVRT and high protein intake on FFM and strength in resistance- trained individuals after a 40% CR. Sixteen resistance-trained individuals underwent a high-protein (2.3 g/kg body mass (BM)), 4- week 40% CR with a 5-day/week resistance-training intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to LVRT (12 sets/muscle group/week) or HVRT (30 sets/muscle group/week). Pre-post intervention testing included dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, indirect calorimetry, dietary records, resistance-training records, 5RM strength testing, and nitrogen balance. Significant reductions in BM (Δ –4.2 ± 0.5 kg, p < 0.001), FM (Δ –3.7 ± 0.4 kg, p < 0.001), and %FM (Δ –3.5 ± 0.4%, p < 0.001) were observed, but changes were not different between groups. No intervention or group by intervention effects were noted for FFM. HVRT produced greater increases for 5RM testing for chest press (p = 0.005), right leg press (p = 0.003), and left leg press (p < 0.001). HVRT does not seem to further enhance FFM retention during a 40% CR. Albeit, greater increases in strength were noted in HVRT, but mechanisms underlying such improvements remain to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 8","pages":"781-790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-026-01757-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah H. Kehoe, Harsha Chopra, Devi Shivshankaran, Chiara Di Gravio, Sirazul A. Sahariah, Meera Gandhi, Barrie M. Margetts, Ramesh D. Potdar, Caroline H. D. Fall
{"title":"Associations between socio-demographic factors and diet patterns among Indian women in a low-income urban setting","authors":"Sarah H. Kehoe, Harsha Chopra, Devi Shivshankaran, Chiara Di Gravio, Sirazul A. Sahariah, Meera Gandhi, Barrie M. Margetts, Ramesh D. Potdar, Caroline H. D. Fall","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01739-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01739-w","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the diets of women of reproductive age living in Mumbai slums may benefit their own health and that of their children. Our objective was to identify diet patterns in this population group. Participants were married women (n = 6513) aged <40 years enroled in a randomised controlled trial of a food-based intervention. We collected dietary data at the time of enrolment using a 212-item food frequency questionnaire. We used principal component analysis and cluster analysis to identify dietary patterns and explored socio-demographic correlates of the patterns using multivariate linear regression models. We identified 2 interpretable patterns. The first, named the ‘Snack, Fruit and Sweet’ pattern was characterised by vegetable curry, fried snacks, salad, fruit, sweets and sweetened beverages and explained 9.3% of the variance. Scores on this pattern were independently associated with the women not working versus being employed (0.13, CI: 0.06, 0.19, p < 0.001) and with standard of living index score (0.03, CI: 0.02, 0.04, p < 0.001). The second pattern was named ‘Non-vegetarian’ and was characterised by meat and biriyani and rice and noodle dishes, with low intakes of lentils, legumes, nuts and seeds. This pattern was associated with being Muslim and was negatively associated with age (-0.02, CI: -0.03, -0.02, p < 0.001) and standard of living index (-0.01, CI: -0.01, 0.00, p < 0.001). It explained 6.7% of the variance. We identified two interpretable patterns that can be used to better understand dietary habits in Mumbai slums. This knowledge can be used to target interventions aimed at improving diet quality in these communities.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 6","pages":"618-624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-026-01739-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Vitamin D status and response to supplementation in very preterm infants: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Suphawe Wasuanankun, Prattana Rattanachamnongk, Buranee Yangthara, Sopapan Ngerncham, Ratchada Kitsommart, Punnanee Wutthigate","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01759-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01759-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 7","pages":"740-740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-026-01759-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agreement between bioimpedance-measured and calf-derived appendicular skeletal muscle mass in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients","authors":"Domenico Azzolino, Aida Zulueta, Rachele Piras, Paola Mariani, Riccardo Sideri, Tiziano Lucchi, Christian Lunetta","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01758-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01758-7","url":null,"abstract":"Over time, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been considered an accelerated model of sarcopenia. However, muscle mass is rarely assessed in ALS patients. The aim of this study was to explore the agreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-measured and calf circumference (CC)-derived appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) in ALS patients. Body composition was assessed using anthropometric measures and BIA. Pearson analyses were used to assess correlations and Kappa (κ) statistics were used to evaluate agreement between BIA-measured and CC-derived ASMMI. CC predictive ability was assessed through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. A total of 61 ALS patients were included. The CC-ASMM was highly correlated with the BIA-ASMM (r = 0.830, p < 0.001) and CC-ASMMI was moderately correlated with BIA-ASMMI (r = 0.62, p < 0.001). Low CC-derived and BIA-derived ASMMI presented a moderate degree of agreement in the overall sample (k = 0.546, 95% CI 0.325–0.767) and in men (k = 0.432, 95% CI 0.056–0.809), while a substantial agreement was observed in women (k = 0.613, 95% CI 0.344–0.883). The optimal cut-off values for CC in identifying low ASMMI from the ROC analysis, were 34 cm for both sexes with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.818 for men (sensitivity 80%, specificity 78.3%) and of 0.841 (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 72.7%) for women. Our preliminary study showed a good predictive ability of the CC, an anthropometric parameter significantly associated with sarcopenia, in reflecting the ASMM. The best performance was found for a CC cut-off point of ≤34 cm in both sexes.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 8","pages":"846-850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lara Vilar Fernandes, Gabriela Benatti de Oliveira, Rui Valdiviesso, Teresa F. Amaral, Ligiana Pires Corona
{"title":"Discrepancies between caliper and portable A-mode ultrasound estimates of subcutaneous fat in older adults","authors":"Lara Vilar Fernandes, Gabriela Benatti de Oliveira, Rui Valdiviesso, Teresa F. Amaral, Ligiana Pires Corona","doi":"10.1038/s41430-026-01756-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-026-01756-9","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proposed that subcutaneous fat thickness measured by ultrasound corresponds to half of the skinfold thickness measured with calipers at the same anatomical site. This study compared portable A-mode ultrasound and caliper skinfold assessments in older adults. In a cross-sectional sample of 146 participants, fat thickness was measured at the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, subscapular, and suprailiac sites using a BodyMetrix® BX-2000 ultrasound device and a LipoWise PRO digital caliper. Agreement between methods varied markedly by site: Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients were 0.21 (triceps), 0.02 (subscapular), and 0.33 (biceps, suprailiac), indicating poor to moderate concordance. The Bradley–Blackwood test showed differences between methods (p < 0.001). Skinfold/ultrasound mean ratios were 1.50 (triceps), 1.20 (biceps), 1.50 (suprailiac), and 2.90 (subscapular). Caliper skinfold measurements consistently overestimate subcutaneous fat thickness versus ultrasound, especially at the subscapular site, limiting interchangeability and potentially compromising clinical assessment accuracy in older adult populations.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 8","pages":"851-854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-026-01756-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}