European Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Iron incorporation in red blood cells of pediatric sickle cell anemia: a stable isotope pilot investigation","authors":"Juliana Omena, Vanessa Monteiro Voll, Flávia Fioruci Bezerra, Bernardo Ferreira Braz, Ricardo Erthal Santelli, Carmen Marino Donangelo, Gustavo Federico Jauregui, Andrea Soares Ribeiro, Cláudia dos Santos Cople Rodrigues, Marta Citelli","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01465-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01465-1","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is marked by hypoxia, inflammation, and secondary iron overload (IO), which potentially modulate hepcidin, the pivotal hormone governing iron homeostasis. The aim was to evaluate the iron incorporation in red blood cells (RBC) in SCA pediatric patients, considering the presence or absence of IO. SCA children (n = 12; SCAtotal) ingested an oral stable iron isotope (57Fe) and iron incorporation in RBC was measured after 14 days. Patients with ≥1000 ng/mL serum ferritin were considered to present IO (SCAio+; n = 4) while the others were classified as being without IO (SCAio−; n = 8). Liver iron concentration (LIC) was determined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) T2* method. The SCAio+ group had lower iron incorporation (mean ± SD: 0.166 ± 0.04 mg; 3.33 ± 0.757%) than SCAio− patients (0.746 ± 0.303 mg; 14.9 ± 6.05%) (p = 0.024). Hepcidin was not different between groups. Iron incorporation was inversely associated with serum ferritin level (SCAtotal group: r = −0.775, p = 0.041; SCAio− group: r = −0.982; p = 0.018) and sickle hemoglobin (HbS) presented positive correlation with iron incorporation (r = 0.991; p = 0.009) in SCAio− group. LIC was positively associated with ferritin (SCAtotal: r = 0.921; p = 0.026) and C reactive protein (SCAio+: r = 0.999; p = 0.020). SCAio+ group had lower iron incorporation in RBC than SCAio− group, suggesting that they may not need to reduce their intake of iron-rich food, as usually recommended. Conversely, a high percentage of HbS may indirectly exacerbate hypoxia and seems to increase iron incorporation in RBC. This trial was registered at www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br . Identifier RBR-4b7v8pt.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 9","pages":"801-807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-024-01465-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary nutritional support team and survival outcomes in patients with sepsis: a nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea","authors":"Kyunghwa Lee, In-Ae Song, Sunghee Lee, Keonhee Kim, Tak Kyu Oh","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01463-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01463-3","url":null,"abstract":"The South Korean government implemented a multidisciplinary nutritional support team (NST) system to focus on the proper evaluation and supply of nutritional status in hospitalized patients who are at a higher risk of malnutrition. This nationwide population-based cohort study included patients diagnosed with sepsis who were admitted to hospitals from 2016 to 2020. The NST should consist of four professional personnel (physicians, full-time nurses, full-time pharmacists, and full-time clinical dietitians). The NST group included patients with sepsis admitted to a hospital with an NST system, whereas the non-NST group included patients with sepsis admitted to a hospital without an NST system. A total of 323,841 patients with sepsis were included in the final analysis, and 120,274 (37.1%) admitted to a hospital with an NST system were included in the NST group. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the NST group showed a 15% lower 90-day mortality than the non-NST group (hazard ratio [HR]:0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.83, 0.86; P < 0.001). The NST group shows 11% lower 1-year all-cause mortality than the non-NST group (HR:0.89, 95% CI:0.87, 0.90; P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, a more evident association of the NST group with lower 90-day mortality was shown in the intensive care unit admission group and age ≥65 years old group. Multidisciplinary NST intervention is associated with improved survival outcomes in patients with sepsis. Moreover, this association was more evident in patients with sepsis aged ≥65 years old who were admitted to the ICU.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 9","pages":"765-771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on the discovery GLP-1 as a satiety hormone: Implications for obesity therapy and future directions","authors":"Arne Astrup","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01460-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01460-6","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists were chasing an incretin hormone, and when GLP-1 was finally discovered, we found that it had a pronounced satiety effect, slowed down gastric emptying, and actually reduced postprandial insulin response. These mechanisms are the basis for the highly efficacious GLP-1 analogues that today offer safe and effective treatment in millions of people living with obesity. Moreover, the combined GLP-1 mechanisms of weight loss and delayed carbohydrate absorption may also be the key drivers of remission of type 2 diabetes and reduced cardiovascular events found by GLP-1 analogues.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 7","pages":"551-556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-024-01460-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenteral fish oil lipid emulsion use in adults: a case series and review from an intestinal failure referral center","authors":"David Hakimian, Elizabeth Wall, Jean Herlitz, Edward Scott Lozano, Edwin McDonald, Carol Semrad, Dejan Micic","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01462-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01462-4","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a complication of long-term PN use, attributed to the use of ω-6 injectable lipid emulsions (ILE). Fish oil (FO) ILE have been successful in reversing liver injury in neonates. Evidence for pure FO ILE use in adult patients is limited. Case series of the use of FO lipid emulsions in adults with IFALD from the University of Chicago PN registry. Analysis of medical charts and PN formulations was performed. Three cases of IFALD treated with FO ILE were identified. The first case was a 30-year-old man with short bowel syndrome (SBS), hyperbilirubinemia, and biopsy-proven IFALD. Following a change from a soy lipid emulsion to FO lipid emulsion, his liver tests rapidly improved and remained stable over 202 weeks of use. The second case was a 76-year-old woman with intestinal failure (IF) due to a frozen bowel. A change from a soy ILE to a composite lipid and later to a pure FO ILE did not result in improvement in her liver tests. The third case was a 28-year-old man with SBS and biopsy-proven IFALD. Change to a composite ILE and subsequently FO lipid emulsion resulted in a gradual improvement in liver tests. No clinical essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiencies were identified during treatment. FO ILE may be effective in the treatment of adult patients with cholestatic IFALD. Use is safe with no EFA deficiencies detected in up to 4 years of use.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 9","pages":"796-800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-024-01462-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnutrition, protein energy wasting and sarcopenia in patients attending a haemodialysis centre in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Findlay Crystal, Robert Fulai, Patrick Kaonga, Andrew Davenport","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01458-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01458-0","url":null,"abstract":"Haemodialysis (HD) patients are reported to be at greater risk of malnourishment, and at risk of increased morbidity and mortality. However, most studies report from economically advanced countries. We therefore assessed the nutritional status and diet among HD patients attending a public university hospital in a sub-Saharan African country. We performed nutritional assessments in HD patients attending the largest dialysis centre, in the country, collecting demographic and clinical data, dietary intake, along with anthropometric and bioimpedance body composition measurements in May 2022. Malnutrition was classified according to subjective global assessment score (SGA). Additional assessments of protein energy wasting (PEW), clinical frailty, and sarcopenia were made. All 97 HD patients were recruited, mean age 44.7 ± 12.2 years, with 55 (56.7%) males. Malnutrition was present in 43.8%, PEW 20.6%, frailty 17.6% and sarcopenia 4.1%. On multivariable logistic regression higher serum albumin (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.89, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.85-0.95, p < 0.001), creatinine (AOR 0.99, 95%CI 0.98–0.99, p < 0.001), greater mid upper arm circumference (AOR 0.89, 95%CI 0.83–0.95, p = 0.001), body cell mass (BCM) (AOR 0.79, 95%CI 0.67–0.95, p = 0.013) and employment (AOR 0.45, 95%CI 0.23–0.87, p = 0.017), were are all protective against malnourishment. Almost 75% had reduced dietary protein intake. Despite a younger, less co-morbid patient population, malnutrition is common in this resource poor setting. The staple diet is based on maize, a low protein foodstuff. Employment improved finances and potentially allows better nutrition. Further studies are required to determine whether additional dietary protein can reduce the prevalence of malnutrition in this population.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 9","pages":"818-822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-024-01458-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of time restricted eating versus daily calorie restriction on sex hormones in males and females with obesity","authors":"Shuhao Lin, Sofia Cienfuegos, Mark Ezpeleta, Vasiliki Pavlou, Mary-Claire Runchey, Krista A. Varady","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01461-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01461-5","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of time restricted eating (TRE) on sex hormones in males and females, versus daily calorie restriction (CR). Adults with obesity (n = 90) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 12-months: 8-h TRE (eating only between 12:00 to 8:00 pm, with no calorie counting); CR (25% energy restriction daily); or control. Body weight decreased (P < 0.01) in the TRE and CR groups, relative to controls, in males, premenopausal females, and postmenopausal females, by month 12. Total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels did not change over time, or between groups, in males, premenopausal females, and postmenopausal females. Estradiol, estrone, and progesterone were only measured in postmenopausal females, and remained unchanged. These findings suggest that TRE produces significant weight loss but does not impact circulating sex hormone levels in males and females with obesity over 12 months, relative to CR and controls.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 9","pages":"814-817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher adiposity predicts greater intra-individual inconsistencies in postprandial glycemic measurements—an analysis of three randomized controlled trials in Asian populations","authors":"Darel Wee Kiat Toh, Shalini Ponnalagu, Stefan Gerardus Camps, Joseph Lim, Melvin Xu Nian Koh, Christiani Jeyakumar Henry","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01457-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01457-1","url":null,"abstract":"Acute glycemic responses offer important insights into glucose homeostasis although the repeatability of these measurements particularly in Asian populations remains unclear. This research aimed to critically investigate the inconsistencies of the postprandial glycemic profile within individuals, and identify potential variables predicting greater inconsistencies. This was a secondary analysis of three randomized controlled trials which fed subjects with glucose (and other carbohydrate-rich foods), and measured postprandial blood glucose at regular intervals. Intra-individual rank-order consistency in the glycemic profile between acute glucose treatments was evaluated and compared against demographic, anthropometric and cardio-metabolic health related indicators to delineate potential confounding variables. Correlations between the incremental area under curve at 120 min (iAUC120 min) for glucose and the carbohydrate-rich foods were further explored. Rank-order consistency was identified to be moderate, with intra-individual inconsistencies marginally lower than inter-individual inconsistencies. Notably, greater inconsistencies within individuals were directly correlated with BMI and fat-mass index (P < 0.01) albeit non-significant for age, ethnicity, and other cardio-metabolic health-related risk indicators. Across the trials, there were positive monotonic correlations between the iAUC120 min for glucose and simple sugars (sucrose, isomaltulose), as well as different varieties of rice (jasmine white, Bapatla brown, Bapatla white; p < 0.05). However, there were a lack of associations between iAUC120 min for glucose with pastas (semolina and wholegrain penne, spaghetti) and mee pok noodles. There are inherent inconsistencies in postprandial glycemic measurements within individuals, particularly among those with higher adiposity. These confounders need to be kept in mind for appropriate and meaningful interpretations of glycemia.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 9","pages":"788-795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized controlled trial of a weight loss maintenance program in adults with obesity: the WLM3P study","authors":"Vanessa Pereira, Inês Barreiros-Mota, Filipa Cortez, Inês Castela, Diana Teixeira, Conceição Calhau, Cláudia Camila Dias, André Moreira-Rosário, Marta P. Silvestre","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01454-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01454-4","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating obesity epidemic necessitates effective, sustainable weight loss (WL) and maintenance strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Weight Loss Maintenance 3 Phases Program (WLM3P) in achieving a clinically significant long-term weight loss (WL) (≥5% initial WL at 18 months) in adults with obesity compared to a standard low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). In this two-phase trial, 112 participants targeting initial WL (0–6 months) and subsequent maintenance (7–18 months) were randomly assigned to either WLM3P or LCD groups. Outcomes assessed included change in body weight (kg, %), improvements in body composition, and metabolic profile. Of 112 randomized participants, 69% (n = 77) completed the study. At 18 months, WL in the WLM3P group (n = 40) was 15.5 ± 8.3% compared to 9.6 ± 8.5% in the LCD group (n = 37) (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of achieving WL ≥ 10% and ≥15% were significantly higher in the WLM3P group. Complete-case analysis revealed significantly greater improvements in BMI, body fat mass, visceral fat area, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, HDL, and triglyceride/HDL ratio in WLM3P than in LCD. No serious adverse events were reported. Both programs effectively promoted clinically relevant WL and its maintenance. However, the WLM3P program was more successful in helping participants achieve greater WL targets of ≥10% and ≥15%, along with other clinical benefits, after an 18-month intervention. NCT04192357.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 8","pages":"694-702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-024-01454-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a role for essential fatty acids in osteoporosis?","authors":"Undurti N. Das","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01456-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01456-2","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory markers are inversely associated with bone density, geometry, and strength in postmenopausal women, and elderly subjects suggesting that osteoporosis is a low-grade systemic inflammatory condition. But glucocorticoids that are potent anti-inflammatory compounds instead of arresting/preventing osteoporosis induce osteoporosis. These results indicate that IL-6 and TNF-α, post-menopausal state, and steroids produce osteoporosis by an unidentified mechanism. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, estrogen, and steroids bring about their actions by influencing the metabolism of essential fatty acids (EFAs). I propose that EFAs and their metabolites act as second messengers of actions of corticosteroids, cytokines, and estrogen. This implies that EFAs are of benefit in the prevention and management of osteoporosis. This argument is supported by the observation that plasma phospholipid content of unsaturated fatty acids is decreased in those with osteoporosis. The reports that long-chain metabolites of EFAs including arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, and lipoxin A4 are of benefit in the prevention and management of osteoporosis lends further support to this proposal.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 8","pages":"659-662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother’s own milk and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in appropriate for gestational age preterm infants","authors":"Alessio Correani, Cristina Spagnoli, Lucia Lanciotti, Chiara Monachesi, Luca Antognoli, Flavia De Angelis, Chiara Biagetti, Ilaria Burattini, Virgilio Carnielli","doi":"10.1038/s41430-024-01455-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-024-01455-3","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the association between mother’s own milk (MOM) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) preterm infants <32 weeks. Clinical data of AGA preterm infants (24+0/7–31+6/7 weeks) were reviewed. Infants with ≥66% of cumulative prescribed enteral volumes as MOM from birth to 36 weeks were allocated to the high provision of MOM group (H-MOM), whereas those with <66% were assigned to the low provision of MOM group (L-MOM). Multiple regressions were used to assess the association of H-MOM with BPD and oxygen saturation to fraction inspired oxygen ratio (SFR) at 36 weeks. A total of 1041 infants met the inclusion criteria, with a median provision of cumulative enteral nutrition volumes of 5721 (IQR 2616) mL/kg. Among them, 517 (49.7%) were H-MOM and 524 (50.3%) L-MOM infants. H-MOM showed a reduction in the incidence of BPD to 31.6% compared to L-MOM infants. H-MOM had a lower risk of BPD than L-MOM infants after the adjustment for gestational age, sex, cesarean section, mean SFR at the first hours of life, surfactant administration, patent ductus arteriosus, sepsis, prolonged ventilatory supports/oxygen exposure, and cumulative energy intakes from birth to 36 weeks [aOR: 0.613, p = 0.047]. H-MOM was also associated with a lower risk of SFR in the first quartile at 36 weeks [aOR: 0.616, p = 0.028] than L-MOM. A high provision (≥66%) of enteral volume as MOM from birth to 36 weeks is associated with a reduced risk of both BPD and low SFR at 36 weeks in AGA preterm infants <32 weeks.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"78 8","pages":"703-708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}