Eurasian Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Forest Reclamation on Carbon Stocks and Respiration of Soils of Natural and Technogenic Ecosystems of Southern Karelia","authors":"V. B. Pridacha, G. V. Akhmetova, D. E. Semin","doi":"10.1134/s106422932360286x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106422932360286x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents the results of studies on soil carbon stock dynamics, CO₂ emission, and soil microbial respiration during post-industrial succession upon reforestation of a sand–gravel quarry in southern Karelia. In July 2021 and 2022, soils in the areas with different reforestation practices were studied. In 1991, one-year-old Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) seedlings were planted on the plots with (1) sandy–gravelly mineral soil (sample plots SP 1 and SP 2) and (2) soil with added peat (SP 3). Native podburs (Entic Podzols) under undisturbed lingonberry pine forest (SP 4) were used as the control. We determined the total (organic) carbon, the microbial activity (using the basal and substrate-induced respiration methods in laboratory), and the CO₂ emission from the soil surface (in the field). The assessment of the properties of post-industrial soils indicated that the studied parameters in replantozem on SP 3 were close to those in the podzolized podbur on SP 4, which attested to a positive effect of peat-enriched substrate on the soil and plant recovery in the abandoned quarry. Considerably higher values of carbon stocks (by 6–10 times) and CO₂ fluxes (by 2–4 times) in the replantozem (Umbric Leptosols (Novic)) on SP 3 in comparison with psammozems (Skeletic Leptosols) on SP 1 and SP 2 were due to intensive organic matter accumulation and the application of peat substrate rich in nutrients and plant diaspores during planting. Soil carbon stocks, CO₂ emission, microbial activity, and stand productivity at SP 1 and SP 2 were lower than those at SP 3 and SP 4. To make more accurate predictions of the dynamics of the analyzed parameters of disturbed soils, it is necessary to take into account their spatial and temporal variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass and Functional Diversity of Microbial Communities in Catenas of Reserved and Arable Gray Soils and Chernozems","authors":"K. S. Dushchanova, P. A. Ukrainskiy, N. N. Kashirskaya, T. E. Khomutova, A. V. Borisov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602925","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The biomass and functional diversity of microbial communities were studied in the watershed, transit, and accumulative positions in catenas composed of reserved gray soils (Luvic Retic Phaeozems) and chernozems (Haplic Chernozems) of the Belogorye Nature Reserve and arable variants outside the reserve. Microbial biomass was determined by the substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and the content of phospholipids. Multisubstrate testing of respiratory responses was carried out in the MicroResp system after the addition of amino acids, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates. It was found that microbial biomass decreased in the reserved chernozem from the watershed towards the accumulative part of the slope; minimal values in the gray soil were recorded in the transit part of the catena. It was close in the plowed horizon of agrochernozems in all parts of the catena and 2–3.5 times less than in reserved chernozems. An increase in microbial biomass was recorded in the agrogray soils of the transit and accumulative parts of the catena. Cluster analysis of respiratory responses in the 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers identified two groups of the most demanded substrates. The first group in both layers included citric and ketoglutaric acids, the second group included fructose and succinic acid. Ascorbic acid, sucrose, and glutamine were included in the first group in the 0–10 cm layer and in the second group (along with asparagine and glycine) in the 10–20 cm layer. An increase in metabolic diversity was observed from the watershed to the accumulative position of the catena in all reserved and arable catenas. At the same time, plowing led to its decrease in the 0–10 cm layer: up to 1.5 times in chernozems and up to 4 times in gray soils. In the 10–20 cm layer, similar trend was observed, except for the agrogray soil in the transit part of the catena, where the number of significant responses increased 3.6 times in comparison with the reserved variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Fires on the Enzymatic Activity of Сinnamonic Soils and Burozems in the Western Caucasus","authors":"V. V. Vilkova, K. Sh. Kazeev, M. S. Nizhelskiy, D. A. Privizentseva, A. N. Fedorenko, S. I. Kolesnikov, A. K. Shkhapatsev","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602834","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of studying the effect of fires on biological properties of cinnamonic soils of xerophytic forests (Skeletic Leptic Cambisol) of the Utrish State Nature Reserve, Krasnodar krai (crown fire of 2020), and burozem of mesophytic forests (Haplic Cambisol (Loamic)) of the Khamyshinsk forestry, Republic of Adygea (ground fire of 2018) are presented. Changes in the soil reaction, in the organic carbon content, and in the activity of enzymes: catalase, urease, phosphatase, and invertase involved in the cycle of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen have been studied. The reaction of enzymes to pyrogenic effects depends on the enzyme kind and the soil type. The factor analysis was also performed. The activity of catalase and invertase decreases by 47% on average for two soil types in the 0–3-cm-thick layer, while the reaction of phosphatase and urease depends on the soil type. Two years after the fire, the phosphatase activity in the surface layer of post-pyrogenic cinnamonic soils approached the control values; and the urease activity regenerated more slowly as compared to other enzymes. Four years after the fire, the values of urease activity in the 0–3-cm-thick layer of the post-pyrogenic acid burozem, on the contrary, approached the control values. An increase in pH by 30% on average and a decrease in the C_org content by 12% on average were also recorded for both two soil types. The mean activity of all the studied enzymes in the 3–10-cm-thick layer increased in cinnamonic soils and, on the contrary, decreased in acid burozem. The factor analysis showed a relationship between the soil reaction, the organic carbon content, and the activity of enzymes, and the strength and nature of relationships differed depending on the soil type. The results obtained testify to the effect of soil properties on the response of enzymatic activity to the pyrogenic impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dioxide in Soil and Surface Waters in the North of Western Siberia: Methodological Approach and Quantitative Characteristics","authors":"O. Yu. Goncharova, M. V. Timofeeva, G. V. Matyshak, A. V. Isaeva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602755","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Dissolved inorganic carbon is an essential component of the carbon cycle, especially in the northern regions; however, its loss through water bodies is still rarely included in regional carbon models. The tasks of the work comprise a detailed coverage of the methodological approach of “headspace equilibration” for assessing the concentration of dissolved CO₂ in soil and surface waters and estimation of the CO₂ concentration range in waters of different geneses in the landscapes of northern Western Siberia. The performed methodological work has allowed a headspace equilibration protocol for measuring the CO₂ concentration in waters to be elaborated and described with detailed calculations. The CO₂ concentration in soil (suprapermafrost) and surface waters (river, bog, lake, etc.) ranges from 13 to 2983 µmol/L (274 to 57 000 µatm), and the vast majority of objects are supersaturated with CO₂ relative to the atmosphere. The maximum concentrations are characteristic of suprapermafrost soil and bog waters, and the minimum concentrations are in the waters of aquatic ecosystems (thermokarst and forest lakes). A high variability of CO₂ concentrations in waters necessitates a large number of measurements to provide adequate estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicity of Dust from Different Functional Zones of Moscow","authors":"O. V. Nikolaeva, S. A. Kulachkova, A. A. Astaykina, M. S. Rozanova, O. A. Chistova","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602779","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Ecotoxicity of dust was assessed for different functional zones in three Moscow districts. Ecotoxicity was estimated by the reaction of higher plants using a new approach to the implementation of biotesting method and by changes in the biomass and respiration of microorganisms in residential and transport zones as compared to recreational zones. The proposed method of assessing urban dust toxicity upon modeling dust transfer to soil-like substrates allowed us to solve the main methodological problem, i.e., the choice of control. By the example of perennial ryegrass (<i>Lollium perenne</i> L.), it was found out that annual volume of dust deposition upon a high load within a one-meter zone from the road surface does not manifest toxicity, whereas a three-year volume suppresses plants up to 27% relative to the control. No significant differences were found between the phytotoxicity of dust in different functional zones; and phytotoxicity did not correlate with any of the studied properties of dust (organic carbon content (C_org), pH, electrical conductivity, moisture capacity, particle-size composition). Basal respiration and carbon content in microbial biomass (C_mic) of dust were maximal in the recreational zones of the city (3.1–7.2 μg C–CO₂ g^–1 h^–1 and 314–435 μg g^–1, respectively) decreasing by 27–71% in residential and by 76–81% in the transport zones. Significant correlations of basal respiration and C_mic with C_org were observed (<i>r</i>_<i>S</i> = 0.57 and 0.61, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, <i>n</i> = 49). High values of microbial metabolic quotient <i>q</i>CO₂ of dust and a small share of C_mic in C_org indicate unfavorable conditions for microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Estimates of Soil Erodibility Variation under Conditions of High Soil Cover Heterogeneity in the Northern Forest-Steppe of the Central Russian Upland","authors":"D. V. Fomicheva, A. P. Zhidkin, M. A. Komissarov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602895","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study of soil erodibility, i.e., its ability to resist the destructing action of water flow and raindrops, is one of the important challenges in erosion science. The values of soil erodibility are used in erosion models and make it possible to calculate the rate of soil matter loss/accumulation. The purpose of this study is to assess soil erodibility and its variation on plots of different areas in the northern forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upland. It has been established that the calculated parameter of soil erodibility (<i>K</i>-factor) is mainly determined by the soil organic matter content. The mean <i>K</i>-factor for gray forest soils is more than 1.5 times higher than that for noneroded chernozems. The <i>K</i>-factor increases with an increase in the degree of soil erosion. For example, in a series of noneroded and slightly, moderately, and strongly eroded chernozems, it reaches 38, 42, 44, and 57 kg h/(MJ mm), respectively. Gray forest soils are much more susceptible to the risk of degradation from erosion than chernozems because of their higher erodibility and lower thickness of the humus layer, other factors being equal. The use of different methods of <i>K</i>-factor interpolation exerts little effect on changes in the mean soil erosion rates calculated by the WaTEM/SEDEM model, even under conditions of the highly contrasting soil cover. With a change in the scale of soil erosion estimates (the transition from a medium to a large scale, or from a large to a medium scale), the deviation of calculated mean soil erosion rates is less than 15%.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioproductivity and Trace Element Composition of Cereal–Legume Mixtures in Technozem when Applying Mineral Fertilizers","authors":"L. N. Boloneva, I. N. Lavrentieva, M. G. Merkusheva, L. L. Ubugunov, V. L. Ubugunov, S. B. Sosorova","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602780","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The influence of sowing cereal-legume mixtures and application of mineral fertilizers on technozem created after the liquidation of the tailing dump of the Dzhida Tungsten-Molybdenum Works (Republic of Buryatia) on the change of trace element concentrations in plants and formation of sod limiting the spread of pollutants and reducing environmental risks was assessed. The content of total and mobile forms of some trace elements in the upper loamy sand layer of technozem was higher than in the background soil, exceeded the median background for the soils of Transbaikalia and in some cases the maximum permissible concentrations, and was characterized as moderately hazardous by the coefficient of total contamination (<i>Zc</i> = 18.8); the lower loamy layer was nonhazardous (<i>Zc</i> = 4). It was revealed that the application of fertilizers reduced the concentration of trace elements and their accumulation coefficients in plants. According to the intensity of biological uptake, most of the elements in the aboveground phytomass belonged to the group of medium capture; in the underground phytomass, to the group of medium and intense uptake, which indicates its phytostabilization role. Bioproductivity of cereal–legume mixtures in the control was low. Fertilizer application increased the bioproductivity of the mixtures year to the moderate level on the second year and to the high level on the third year; the dense sod layer fixing the surface and contributing to the increase in the soil organic matter content in comparison with its initial amount was formed on the fourth year. The results of this study can be applied in remediation works on overburden dumps with the creation of technozems for phytostabilization and initiation of organic matter accumulation in these soils by sowing high-yielding perennial herbs and applying mineral fertilizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome of Soils and Supraglacial Objects in Background and Oil-Polluted Ecosystems of Hayes Island, Franz Josef Land","authors":"D. A. Nikitin, N. A. Manucharova, A. S. Dobryansky","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602767","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The microbiome of soils and supraglacial formations in background and oil-polluted ecosystems of Hayes Island (Franz Josef Land) was studied using the methods of luminescent microscopyreal-time and polymerase chain reaction. The biomass of microorganisms ranged from 81 to 666 μg C/g substrate; its larger part (up to 88%) was represented by fungi. The length of the fungal mycelium reached more than 360 m/g substrate. The number of prokaryotes varied from 4.0 × 10⁷ to 3.75 × 10⁹ cells/g substrate; the length of actinomycete hyphae reached 40 m/g substrate. Up to 78% of detected prokaryotic cells were represented by small nanoforms, which is typical for extreme ecosystems. The proportion of viable microbial cells gained maximum (74–86%) in surface organic horizons and minimum (29–54%) in mineral supra-permafrost layers. Bacteria dominated in the prokaryotic complex (from 5.14 × 10⁵ to 5.05 × 10¹⁰ 16S rRNA copies/g soil); the content of archaea was lower: from 8.46 × 10⁵ to 2.28 × 10⁹ 16S rRNA copies/g substrate. The amount of fungal ITS rRNA in the soil samples ranged from 6.47 × 10⁴ to 8.67 × 10¹⁰ copies. The number of copies of the alkB gene (synthesis of alkane monooxygenase for the destruction of <i>n-</i>alkanes of hydrocarbons) varied from 1.2 × 10¹ to 1.8 × 10⁵ copies/g substrate and sharply decreased from surface to deep horizons. Oil-contaminated soils and supraglacial objects contained a smaller biomass, but a larger number of ribosomal genes of microorganisms as compared with background ecosystems. An exponential decrease in the analyzed quantitative parameters of microorganisms from surface to deep soil horizons was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse Gas Fluxes and Carbon Sequestration in the Oligotrophic Peat Soils of Southern Taiga in Western Siberia","authors":"E. A. Golovatskaya, E. E. Veretennikova, E. A. Dyukarev","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602871","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The carbon stock and the emission rates of greenhouse gases (CO₂ and CH₄) in the peat soils of southern taiga in Western Siberia were studied. The studied peat soils belonged to typical oligotrophic peat soils (Histosols) but developed in two contrasting mire ecosystems—forested and open bogs—that differed considerably in the vegetation cover, soil morphology, and hydrological and temperature conditions. The carbon stock in the upper 50-cm-thick layer reached 9.3 and 6.8 kg/m² in the forested and open bogs, respectively. The CO₂ and CH₄ emissions were measured using a static chamber method during the growing seasons in 1999–2014. The CO₂ fluxes emitted from the studied soils into the atmosphere were close in their value (116.1 and 123.4 mg CO₂/(m² h) for the forested and open bogs, respectively), whereas CH₄ fluxes differed considerably (0.57 and 2.66 mg CO₄/(m² h), respectively). This study highlights an important role of the species composition and hydrological regime of peat soils forming in different bog ecosystems in the estimates of the carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas fluxes in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Thermophysical Parameters of the Soil according to Dynamic Data on Its Temperature","authors":"R. Mikail, E. Hazar, E. Shein, F. Mikailsoy","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323700278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323700278","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Methods for determining the thermal diffusivity coefficient from point temperature records in soil of a given thickness have been developed. Data on the dynamics of soil temperature measured at the same depth eight times per day with an interval of 3 hours are used. The proposed methods are based on solving inverse problems of the heat transfer equation (with two harmonics on the soil surface). Experimental studies on the temperature of the layers (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 40 cm) of gley alluvial soil (Calcaric Gleyic Pantofluvic Fluvisol) in the Igdır region (eastern Turkey) were carried out using Elitech RC-4 sensors during the summer season. Using the obtained data, various methods were used to calculate the thermophysical properties of the soil, namely thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, attenuation depth, heat transfer, and heat flux. Based on statistical criteria, it has been proven that the proposed point model is the best one. It has been established that for the studied soil, the thermal diffusivity κ is 1.1035×10^–6 m²/s, thermal conductivity λ is 1.7612 W/(m ^оС), damping depth <i>d</i> is 17.42 cm, and thermal effusivity <i>e</i> is 27.9431 W h^0.5/m² °C. In addition, in accordance with the model obtained, it was determined that the largest heat flux on the soil surface occurs at 12:00 pm (<i>q</i> = 106.85 W/m²), and the lowest heat flux, at 03:00 am (<i>q</i> = –64.62 W/m²).</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}