Eurasian Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Carbon Accumulation in Peat Soils of Floodplain Mires in the Northeast of the Central Russian Upland","authors":"E. M. Volkova, O. A. Leonova, A. V. Golovchenko","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603049","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Peat deposits of the Bol`sheberezovskoe and Podkos`movo floodplain mires formed during the Atlantic–Subboreal periods of the Holocene in the Nepryadva River valley in the northeastern part of the Central Russian Upland have been studied. Data on the botanical composition of peat indicate that the genesis of these mires was associated with eutrophic paleocenoses, which accumulated carbon at a rate of 21.8–95 g/m² per year. The formed eutrophic peat was characterized by a high degree of decomposition (45–55%) and by a low rate of vertical growth (on average, 0.3–0.6 mm/year), which was due to the seasonal dynamics of the level of mire waters. The carbon content of peat is 14% for the Podkos`movo mire and 31% for the Bol`sheberezovskoe mire. The differences are due to the specific water–mineral nutrition of the mires: the high carbonate and ash contents of the Podkos`movo mire. Carbon stocks in peat soils of floodplain mires vary from 51.5 up to 125 kg/m<sup>2</sup> for 10-cm-thick horizons. This parameter is determined by the degree of decomposition of plant residues, which depends on the composition and structure of microbial complexes. The microbial complex of Bol`sheberezovskoe and Podkos`movo mires is dominated by the fungal and bacterial components, respectively. This is the reason for the differences in the microbial biomass of the mires: 222 g/m<sup>2</sup> for the Podkos`movo mire and 898 g/m² for the Bol`sheberezovskoe mire. The differences between the two floodplain mires are related to the degree of variation in the level of mire waters during the growing season, which is more considerable at the Bol`sheberezovskoe mire because of its artificial drainage. Floodplain mires are important depots of atmospheric carbon, and the intensity of its accumulation is determined by a combination of factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Thallium Ecotoxicity by Biological Properties of Soils","authors":"N. A. Evstegneeva, S. I. Kolesnikov, A. N. Timoshenko, T. V. Minnikova, N. I. Tsepina, K. Sh. Kazeev","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602998","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Thallium ecotoxicity was assessed in laboratory model experiments by changing in microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic properties of soils in the South of Russia: ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem (Loamic)), seropesok (Eutric Arenosol), and slightly unsaturated brown forest soil (Eutric Cambisol), differing in texture, pH, and organic matter content. There was usually a direct relationship between Tl concentration and the deterioration rate of the studied soil properties. The ecotoxicity of Tl nitrate was higher as compared to Tl oxide. The ecotoxic effect of Tl was the strongest for chernozem and seropesok within 10 days and for brown forest soil within 30 days after contamination. Restoration of biological soil properties was recorded on the 90th day. The resistance to Tl contamination was the greatest for ordinary chernozem and the smallest for seropesok. The results obtained indicate a high ecotoxicity of Tl.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Spring Burns on the Properties of Humus Horizon of Chernozem in the Southeast of Western Siberia","authors":"I. N. Semenkov, S. A. Lednev, G. V. Klink, D. P. Kasymov, M. V. Agafontsev, S. N. Kostrova, T. V. Koroleva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603062","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Influence of spring grass fires on the properties of the upper humus horizon of migrational–mycellary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) has been studied by the example of soils at the Basic Experimental Complex, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk). A total of 56 samples (5–14 replicates) were collected at the plots burned two months ago, 1, 2, 3, and 11 years ago. A considerably high stability of the controlled soil properties (cation–anion composition of water extract, content of grain-size fractions and mobile compounds of a wide range of elements, total C and N, organic carbon, pH value, basicity of <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>) under pyrogenic impact of spring grass fires has been found. The content of mobile Ca, Mg and Sr, as well as water-soluble Mg²⁺ and basicity of <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span> appear to be informative parameters reflecting a significant pyrogenic impact over the past 11 years. Their content is higher in the soils at recently (0–3 years ago) burnt plots as compared to old-burnt (11 years ago) and unburnt plots. Among the studied parameters, the pH value, the content of mobile Ba and Sr, and the content of grain-size fractions 1–5, 5–10, and 10–50 µm show a low variation coefficient (mainly &lt;20% in all studied subsets of samples); whereas the content of water-soluble ammonium and mobile Li and Zn manifest a high variation coefficient (&gt;70%).</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for Measuring Organic Carbon Content in Carbonate-Containing Soils: A Review","authors":"E. V. Shamrikova, E. V. Vanchikova, E. V. Kyzyurova, E. V. Zhangurov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603104","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the world practice, the organic carbon content (C_org) in the soils containing carbonates is measured in different ways. We have analyzed the methods for solving this problem including the state-of-the-art approaches, such as thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and spectroscopy. As is shown, the presence of CaCO₃ does not prevent the C_org measurement with dichromatometric method (Tyurin and Walkley–Black variants). The disadvantages of this method comprise the laborious analysis, constant presence of operator, incomplete oxidation of organic compounds, and environmental pollution. The measurement of soil weight loss-on-ignition (LOI) is economical and rapid but overestimates C_org content because of inadequacy of the conversion factor of 1.724, the presence of adsorbed and chemically bound water, as well as mineral components decomposing at <i>T</i> = 105–550°C. The most relevant solution for assaying the C_org content in carbonate soils is to use an analyzer and a calcimeter although the accuracy of C_org measurements in the presence of carbonates is significantly reduced because the errors of two methods are quadratically summed. A high cost of the device, maintenance, verification, and repair limit its widespread use in soil laboratories. The content of soil carbonates can be measured using both gravimetric (LOI) and volumetric (calcimeter) methods. The latter method is preferable for the soils with the prevalence of CaCO₃ in carbonates. The preliminary removal of carbonates from soil samples is labor-intensive and can cause a partial loss of C_org via acid extraction. A high cost of the instruments and the absence of the libraries of soil spectra hinder the development of Vis-NIR and MIR spectroscopy as an alternative to wet chemistry methods. Further comparative studies will give a deeper insight into the spatial patterns in the distribution of soil organic carbon.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Formation on Loamy Deposits in Technogenic Landscapes of the Taiga Zone in the Northeast of the European Part of Russia","authors":"I. A. Likhanova, E. G. Kuznetsova, Yu. V. Kholopov, S. V. Deneva, E. M. Lapteva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603128","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The formation of soils on loamy deposits during the primary succession of vegetation after biological reclamation of a technogenically disturbed area (quarry) in the middle taiga subzone of the northeast of European Russia (Komi Republic) is considered. The planting of <i>Picea obovata</i> on the reclaimed area activates the formation of the tree layer and helps to accelerate pedogenetic processes. In drained conditions, by the beginning of the third decade of succession, litter horizons were formed, soil bulk density in the upper mineral horizons decreased, and a tendency towards redistribution and differentiation of the clay fraction and iron and aluminum compounds in the soil profile was noted. The latter may indicate the beginning of eluviation. The heterogeneity of the quarry surface (presence of highs and lows with a height difference of up to 2–6 m) contributes to the redistribution of moisture within the quarry and the appearance of areas with surface waterlogging. Under these conditions, the role of conservation of organic residues (peat formation) is enhanced, and gleyzation processes are activated. With an increase in the degree of surface waterlogging of soils, the soil acidity and the stocks of soil carbon and nitrogen increase, which is typical for an analogous series of background soils. The calculated rate of organic carbon accumulation in the soil layer of 0–20 cm in drained soils of the quarry is about 0.4 t/ha per year. In the waterlogged soils, it increases to 1.0–1.2 t/ha per year. The stocks of organic carbon in the upper 20 cm of the profile of young soils remain two–four times lower in comparison with the background native soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Enzymatic Activity of Haplic Chernozem Contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl","authors":"T. V. Minnikova, S. I. Kolesnikov, N. A. Evstegneeva, A. N. Timoshenko, N. I. Tsepina, K. Sh. Kazeev","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603037","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Enzymatic activity of soils is the most important diagnostic indicator of the ecological state of soils affected by various types of anthropogenic impact. The aim of the study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl. Ten enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate oxidase, ferrireductase, protease, phosphatase, invertase, and urease) were analyzed. According to the degree of inhibition of enzymes, heavy metals formed the following sequence: Tl &gt; Ag &gt; Bi &gt; Te. With an increase in the concentration of heavy metals, the toxic effect on the activity of enzymes increased. The oxidoreductases showed greater sensitivity to Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl contamination than hydrolases. Among oxidoreductases, the highest sensitivity was found for ferrireductase, and the lowest one for ascorbate oxidase. According to the activity of enzymes of the hydrolase class, invertase was the most sensitive, and urease was the least sensitive. When contaminated with Ag, Bi, and Te, invertase had the highest informative value, and when contaminated with Tl, urease and polyphenol oxidase were the most informative. Among the enzymes of the oxidoreductase class, the highest information value was found for peroxidase, and the lowest one for ascorbate oxidase. Among the enzymes of the hydrolase class, invertase was the most sensitive, and phosphatase was the least sensitive. The results of the study can be used to assess the ecological state of soils contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te and Tl.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Net Primary Production of Steppe Ecosystems and the Reasons Underlying Its Spatial Variation","authors":"A. A. Titlyanova, E. K. Vishnyakova, E. N. Smolentseva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603141","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The changes in net primary production—aboveground (ANP), belowground (BNP), and total (NPP)—are considered for meadow, true, and dry steppes. The investigated meadow and true steppes are found between 36° and 116° E, 47° and 56° N. In Tyva, the production of dry steppes has been determined for different landscape positions: from the mountaintop to the bottom of intermontane depression. The ANP value in meadow steppes changes eastward from 10.2 to 3.1 t/ha per year; in true steppes, from 5.8 to 0.7 t/ha per year and depends on many factors, such as air temperature, precipitation, and soil properties. The latter are controlled by a set of factors, including the topographic position of ecosystem, which determines different soil moistening. The general trend of the eastward decrease in the ANP value is often disturbed both in meadow steppes and true steppes. In some cases, ANP increases rather than decreases in a series of meadow steppes, which is explained by certain changes in soil conditions. The first increase in ANP from 4.8 (63° E) to 6.1 (73° E) t/ha per year occurs with the replacement of Luvic Chernozem (Loamic) by Inclinigleyic Chernozem (Loamic) resulting from additional soil moistening. The second increase from 3.6 (75° E) to 6.6 (90° E) t/ha per year is related to the change from Tonguic Chernozem (Siltic) to Haplic Chernozem (Siltic, Pachic). Three increases in ANP are observed in true steppes, namely, when (1) Skeletic Kastanozem (Siltic) is replaced by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic); (2) Haplic Solonetz (Loamic), by Calcic Chernozem (Loamic); and (3) Mollic Leptosol (Siltic), by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic). The BNP value in the upper 30‑cm-thick soil layer of meadow and true steppes generally decreases eastward from 26.8 to 7.7 t/ha per year without any evident regular pattern. In Tyva with its different relief, the ANP of dry steppes varies from 3.7 to 1.7 t/ha per year and BNP, from 27.0 to 8.7 t/ha per year. Consequently, not only air temperature and precipitation determine the ANP value in grass ecosystems but also the soil properties, such as soil structure, C_org content, nutrients, and water availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Forest Reclamation on Carbon Stocks and Respiration of Soils of Natural and Technogenic Ecosystems of Southern Karelia","authors":"V. B. Pridacha, G. V. Akhmetova, D. E. Semin","doi":"10.1134/s106422932360286x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106422932360286x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents the results of studies on soil carbon stock dynamics, CO₂ emission, and soil microbial respiration during post-industrial succession upon reforestation of a sand–gravel quarry in southern Karelia. In July 2021 and 2022, soils in the areas with different reforestation practices were studied. In 1991, one-year-old Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) seedlings were planted on the plots with (1) sandy–gravelly mineral soil (sample plots SP 1 and SP 2) and (2) soil with added peat (SP 3). Native podburs (Entic Podzols) under undisturbed lingonberry pine forest (SP 4) were used as the control. We determined the total (organic) carbon, the microbial activity (using the basal and substrate-induced respiration methods in laboratory), and the CO₂ emission from the soil surface (in the field). The assessment of the properties of post-industrial soils indicated that the studied parameters in replantozem on SP 3 were close to those in the podzolized podbur on SP 4, which attested to a positive effect of peat-enriched substrate on the soil and plant recovery in the abandoned quarry. Considerably higher values of carbon stocks (by 6–10 times) and CO₂ fluxes (by 2–4 times) in the replantozem (Umbric Leptosols (Novic)) on SP 3 in comparison with psammozems (Skeletic Leptosols) on SP 1 and SP 2 were due to intensive organic matter accumulation and the application of peat substrate rich in nutrients and plant diaspores during planting. Soil carbon stocks, CO₂ emission, microbial activity, and stand productivity at SP 1 and SP 2 were lower than those at SP 3 and SP 4. To make more accurate predictions of the dynamics of the analyzed parameters of disturbed soils, it is necessary to take into account their spatial and temporal variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass and Functional Diversity of Microbial Communities in Catenas of Reserved and Arable Gray Soils and Chernozems","authors":"K. S. Dushchanova, P. A. Ukrainskiy, N. N. Kashirskaya, T. E. Khomutova, A. V. Borisov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602925","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The biomass and functional diversity of microbial communities were studied in the watershed, transit, and accumulative positions in catenas composed of reserved gray soils (Luvic Retic Phaeozems) and chernozems (Haplic Chernozems) of the Belogorye Nature Reserve and arable variants outside the reserve. Microbial biomass was determined by the substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and the content of phospholipids. Multisubstrate testing of respiratory responses was carried out in the MicroResp system after the addition of amino acids, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates. It was found that microbial biomass decreased in the reserved chernozem from the watershed towards the accumulative part of the slope; minimal values in the gray soil were recorded in the transit part of the catena. It was close in the plowed horizon of agrochernozems in all parts of the catena and 2–3.5 times less than in reserved chernozems. An increase in microbial biomass was recorded in the agrogray soils of the transit and accumulative parts of the catena. Cluster analysis of respiratory responses in the 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers identified two groups of the most demanded substrates. The first group in both layers included citric and ketoglutaric acids, the second group included fructose and succinic acid. Ascorbic acid, sucrose, and glutamine were included in the first group in the 0–10 cm layer and in the second group (along with asparagine and glycine) in the 10–20 cm layer. An increase in metabolic diversity was observed from the watershed to the accumulative position of the catena in all reserved and arable catenas. At the same time, plowing led to its decrease in the 0–10 cm layer: up to 1.5 times in chernozems and up to 4 times in gray soils. In the 10–20 cm layer, similar trend was observed, except for the agrogray soil in the transit part of the catena, where the number of significant responses increased 3.6 times in comparison with the reserved variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dioxide in Soil and Surface Waters in the North of Western Siberia: Methodological Approach and Quantitative Characteristics","authors":"O. Yu. Goncharova, M. V. Timofeeva, G. V. Matyshak, A. V. Isaeva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602755","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Dissolved inorganic carbon is an essential component of the carbon cycle, especially in the northern regions; however, its loss through water bodies is still rarely included in regional carbon models. The tasks of the work comprise a detailed coverage of the methodological approach of “headspace equilibration” for assessing the concentration of dissolved CO₂ in soil and surface waters and estimation of the CO₂ concentration range in waters of different geneses in the landscapes of northern Western Siberia. The performed methodological work has allowed a headspace equilibration protocol for measuring the CO₂ concentration in waters to be elaborated and described with detailed calculations. The CO₂ concentration in soil (suprapermafrost) and surface waters (river, bog, lake, etc.) ranges from 13 to 2983 µmol/L (274 to 57 000 µatm), and the vast majority of objects are supersaturated with CO₂ relative to the atmosphere. The maximum concentrations are characteristic of suprapermafrost soil and bog waters, and the minimum concentrations are in the waters of aquatic ecosystems (thermokarst and forest lakes). A high variability of CO₂ concentrations in waters necessitates a large number of measurements to provide adequate estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}